PRACTICES:

Work in pair: Which one of the below visuals is better for a primary trend? Why?31

Table 2.2. Temperature of water vs. time during cooling

Temp (°C) Temp (°C)

Time/sec Time/sec
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 1 Trial 2
0.0 4.56 4.03 8.5 -0.01 0
1.0 2.91 3.01 9.0 0 0
2.0 1.81 1.55 9.5 0 0
3.0 0.59 0.51 10.0 -0.01 -0.23
4.0 -0.41 -0.31 10.5 -0.04 -0.55
5.0 -1.03 -0.85 11.0 -0.28 -1.12
6.0 -1.29 -0.55 12.0 -1.41 -2.36
7.0 -0.36 -0.05 13.0 -2.55 -3.55
8.0 -0.05 0.01

3
Temperature (ºC)

-1

-2

-3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time (sec.)

Figure 2.2. Plot of temperature of water vs. time during cooling

Process the below raw data and present them in Table 2.4:32

31
Adapted from: https://content.grantham.edu/at/CH205/SampleLabReport.pdf)

32 Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 54(1), January - February 2019; Article No. 19, Pages: 109-112
 Table 2.3. Clear and turbid temperature of different phenol – water mixtures
Temperature when clear Temperature when
Composition (%)
Test tube (ºC) turbid (ºC)
Phenol Water Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 1 Trial 2
1 8 92 54 50 49 47
2 15 85 56 54 55 51
3 40 60 73 67 68 62
4 55 45 70 66 62 58
5 80 20 58 54 50 46

Table 2.4. Processed data

Test Concentration
tube of phenol
(wt.%)
1 8
2 15
3 40
4 55
5 80

The visualization of the data in Table 2.4 as a graph

70

65

60
Temperature (oC)

55

50

45
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Phenol concentration (wt. %)

Figure 2.3. Temperature – composition diagram of the phenol – water system