Transportation Engineering (a) Traffic density x traffic speed

[UPPSC 2003] traffic density traffic speed

Q.1 A traffic rotary is justified where (b) traffic speed (c) traffic density

(a) number of intersecting road is between 4 & (d) None of the above
7
Q.7 If ruling gradient is 1 in 20 and there is
(b) space is limited and costly also a horizontal curve of radius 76 m, then
(c) when traffic volume is less than 500 vehicle the compensated grade should be
per hour (a) 3% (b) 4%
(d) when traffic volume is more than 5000 (c) 5% (d) 6%
vehicle per hour
Q.8 The maximum rate of change of radial
Q.2 Desire lines are plotted in acceleration in transition curve which may
(a) traffic volume studies pass unnoticed may be taken as
(b) speed studies (a) 30 cm/sec3 (b) 30 m/sec3
(c) accident studies (c) 3 cm/sec3 (d) None of the above
(d) origin and destination studies [UPPSC 2003, 2007(I)]
(UK Combined State A.E. Paper (II) 2007) Q.9 The Tie bars in cement concrete pavements
are used at
(UPPSC 2003)
(a) expansion joints (b) contraction joints
[RPSC A.En. 2013)
(c) warping joints (d) longitudinal joints
(MPPSC Civil Eng. A.E. 2016)
Q.10 Camber in the road in provided for
Q.3 For highway geometric design purposes, (a) effective drainage
the speed used is
(b) counteracting the centrifugal force
(a) 15th percentile (b) 50th percentile
(c) having proper sight distance
(c) 85th percentile (d) 98th percentile
(d) None of the above
[ UPPSC 2003, 2013 ]
Q.11 Creep of rail is the
Q.4 The roadway width ‘b’, shoulder width ‘s’
and carriage way width ‘w’ should be related (a) longitudinal movement of rail
as (b) lateral movement of rail
(a) b = w+ s (b) b = w – s (c) vertical movement of rail
(c) b = w + 2s (d) b = w – 2s (d) difference in level of two rails
[UPPSC 2003, 2008]
Q.12 For a sleeper density of (n + 5), the
Q.5 If an ascending gradient of 1 in 50 meets a number of sleepers required for
descending gradient of 1 in 50, the length of constructing a broad gauge railway track of
summit curve for a stopping sight distance length 650 m is
of 80 m will be
(a) 975 (b) 918 (c) 900 (d) 880
(a) zero (b) 64 m
Q.13 Which of the following methods of
(c) 80 m (d) 60 m designation of crossing is commonly used in
Q.6 Traffic volume is equal to India

299
 (a) Central line method Q.19 A treadle bar is used for
(b) Isosceles triangle method (a) Interlocking point and signal
(c) Right angle method (b) Setting points and crossings
(d) None of the above (c) Setting marshalling yard signals
[UPPSC 2003, 2008] (d) Track maintenance
Q.14 In a shunting signal if the red band is Q.20 The maximum degree of curvature for
inclined at 45o, it indicates Broad gauge is limited to
(a) Stop (b) Proceed cautiously (a) 10o (b) 16o
(c) Do not stop (d) None of these (a) 30o (a) 40o
Q.15 Flange way clearance is the distance [UPPSC 2004]
(a) between the adjoining faces of the running Q.21 The Ideal alignment of highway between
rail and the check rail near the crossing two towns should be
(b) between the gauge faces of the stock rail and (a) Short (b) Easy
the tongue rail
(c) Safe and easy
(c) through which the tongue rail moves laterally
(d) Short, easy, safe and economical
at the toe of the switch
Q.22 The value of the super-elevation will be
(d) None of the above
more when
[UPPSC 2003, 2011]
(a) Speed is more
Q.16 The grade compensation on 4o curve on a
Broad gauges railway track is (b) Radius of curvature is less

(a) 0.20% (b) 0.16% (c) Speed is more and radius of curvature is less

(c) 0.12% (d) 0.08% (d) None of the above

Q.17 In case of railway, the track resistance is [UPPSC 2004, 2013]

caused due to Q.23 A pavement is classified as flexible or rigid
based on [UPPSC 2004, 2008, 2013]
(a) Frictional resistance of rails
(a) Wearing coat (b) Base course
(b) Wave action of rail
(c) Sub-base (d) Sub-grade
(c) Track irregularities
Q.24 In the absence of super-elevation, the
(d) Flange friction
formation of pot hole, generally
Q.18 On a single rail track, goods trains loaded
(a) On the outer edge
with heavy material run from A to B and then
empty wagon run from B to A. The amount of (b) In the inner edge
creep in the rails
(c) In the middle of the road
(a) Will be more in the direction of B to A
(d) Anywhere along the width of the road
(b) Will be more in the direction of A to B [UPPSC 2004, 2007(II), 20013 ]
(c) Will be maximum at the mid of A and B Q.25 The camber of road should be
(d) Can not be determined from the given data approximately equal to
[UPPSC 2003, 2004] (a) Longitudinal gradient

300
 (b) Half of the longitudinal gradient Q.30 Disc signals are provided for the purpose
of
(c) Two times the longitudinal gradient
(a) Shunting
(d) Three times the longitudinal gradient
[UPPSC 2004, 2007(II)] (b) Dead slow movement

Q.26 The traffic density is defined as (c) Indicating busy platforms

(a) The number of vehicles moving in specific (d) A possible danger ahead
direction per lane per day [UPPSC 2004, 2007(II), 2013 ]
(b) The number of vehicles moving in a specific Q.31 Cant deficiency becomes an inevitable
direction per hour consideration on a main line and branch line
moving in [UPPSC 2004, 2013]
(c) The number of vehicles passing a given point
in one hour (a) Same direction (b) opposite direction
(d) The number of vehicles per unit length (c) Cross-direction (d) None of these
[UPPSC 2004, 2008] Q.32 When Semaphore and Warner signals are
Q.27 In a Bituminous pavement, alligator installed on the same post, then the stop
indication is given when
cracking is mainly due to
(a) Semaphore arm is lowered but Warner arm is
(a) Inadequate bearing course
horizontal
(b) Inadequate thickness of sub-base course of
(b) Both Semaphore and Warner arms are
pavement
lowered
(c) Use of excessive bituminous material
(c) Both the arms are horizontal
(d) Fatigue causing from repeated stress
(d) None of the above
application
Q.33 A wall constructed for the stability of the
Q.28 Ballast used to serve the following
excavated portion of hill side in hilly roads is
purpose in railway tracks as
called
(a) Elastic bed
(a) Parapet wall (b) Retaining wall
(b) Foundation of rail tracks
(c) Breast wall (d) Guide wall
(c) Elastic bed and foundation of rail track
[UPPSC 2004, 2007(I)]
(d) Protection from animals Q.34The shape of the camber best suited for
[UPPSC 2004, 2013] cement concrete pavement is
Q.29 The gauge of a railway track is defined as (a) Straight line
(a) The distance between the centres of the rails (b) Parabolic
(b) The distance between the outer faces of the (c) Elliptical
rail heads
(d) Combination of straight line and parabolic
(c) The distance between the inner faces of the [UPPSC 2004, 2007(II)]
rail heads
Q.35 The equilibrium super-elevation required
(d) The distance between the webs to counteract the centrifugal force fully is
[UPPSC 2004, 2007(II)] given by

301
 (a) 60 m (b) 600 m
V2 V2
(a) (b)
27.5R 75R (c) 25.67 m (d) 26.57 m
[UPPSC 2007(I)]
V2 V2
(c) (d) Q.42 As per I.R.C., it is considered appropriate
127R 137R
that roads in rural areas should be designed
Where V = Designated speed in km/hour. for :
And R = Radius of curve in m. (a) 15 – 20 years (b) 10 – 15 years
[UPPSC 2004, 2011] (c) 5 – 10 years (d) 20 – 15 years
V2 Q.43 The extra widening required for pavement
Q.36 The expression represents
gR of width 10.5 m. on a horizontal curve of radius
R meters is given by:
(a) Centrifugal force (b) Centrifugal ratio
(c) Super-elevation l2 2l 2
(a) (b)
2R 3R
(d) Radial acceleration
Q.37The perpendicular offsets from a tangent to l2 3l 2
(c) (d)
the junction of a transition curve and R 2R
circular curve is equal to
Q.44 For water bound macadam roads in location
(a) Shift ‘S’ (b) 2 × shift ‘S’ of heavy rainfall, the recommended value of
camber is:
(c) 3 × shift ‘S’ (d) 5 × shift ‘S’
(a) 1 in 30 (b) 1 in 36
Q.38 Two parallel railway lines 30 m apart are to
be connected by a reverse curve. The (c) 1 in 48 (d) 1 in 60
distance between tangent point is 150 m. If
Q.45 The traffic volume is equal to:
both the arcs have same radius, then the radius
will be (a) Traffic density  Traffic speed

(a) 30 m (b) 75 m (b) Traffic density/Traffic speed

(c) 187.5 m (d) 166.7 m (c) Traffic speed/Traffic density

Q.39 A vertical curve is designated on the basis (d) None of these

of the Q.46 The gradient which determines the maximum
load that the engine can have on a section is
(a) Radius of the curve
called :
(b) Minimum sight distance
(a) Ruling gradient
(c) Change of gradient
(b) Momentum gradient
(d) All of the above (c) Pusher gradient
Q.40 A transition curve may be of the shape of (d) Exceptional gradient
(a) Euler’s spiral (b) A cubic spiral Q.47 Scientific Planning of transportation system
(c) A cubic parabola (d) All of the above and mass transit facilities in cities should be
based on
Q.41 Assuming the rate of super-elevation to be
(a) Origin and destination data
1 in 400, the length of the transition curve
required to attain a maximum super- (b) Spot speed data
elevation of 15 cm will be

302
 (c) Traffic volume data 2s s
(c) s  (d) s 
(d) Accident data 5 3
Q.48 The shape of Transition Curve used by Q.54 The radius of curve ‘R of 20 m chord length
Indian Railway is:
is given as :
(a) Cubic Parabola (b) Cubic Spiral
573 1046
(c) Sine Curve (d) Lemniscate (a) (b)
D D
Q.49 The correct relation between Curve lead
(CL), switch lead (SL) and crossing lead (L) 58 6 1146
(c) (d)
Is given by D D
(a) CL = L – SL (b) L = CL – SL Where, D = Degree of the curve
1 Q.55 In a railway line project, a tunnel has to be
(c) SL = L + CL (d) L = (CL + SL)
2
constructed when :
[UPPSC 2007(I), 2011]
Q.50 The steepest gradient permissible on a 2.5o (a) Specified gradient is impossible to maintain on
curve for broad gauge railway line having mountains
ruling gradient of 1 in 200 is:
(b) The route along mountain is too long
(a) 1 in 250 (b) 1 in 220
(c) 1 in 235 (d) 1 in 275 (c) There is a congested city on ground
[UPPSC 2007(I), 2008] (d) All of the above
Q.51 If V is the speed of the locomotive, g is
acceleration due to gravity, G is the gauge of Q.56 If the sight distance (S) is equal to the length
the track and R is the radius of the circular of the vertical curve (2l), joining two gradients
curve, the required super-elevation is :
g1% and -g2%, the height (h) of ape will be:
gV2 RG
(a) (b) gV 2 (S  l ) (g1  g 2 )
GR (a) (g1  g 2 ) (b) (l )
400 400
Rg GV 2
(c) (d) (g1  g 2 ) S2 (g1  g 2 ) S2
GV 2 gR (c) (d)
800 l 1600 l
Q.52 In a true spiral the total length of transition
[UPPSC 2007(II)]
curve L and radius of this curve at its junction
with the circular curve R, are related as: Q.57 The stopping sight depends upon
(a) L = R (b) L/R = constant
(a) Total reaction time of driver
(c) LR = constant (d) LR = 
(b) Speed of vehicle
Q.53The relation between the polar deflection
(c) Efficiency of brakes
angle αs and the spiral angle s is given by:
(d) All of the above
s s
(a) s  (b) s 
2 4

303
Q.58 The minimum design speed for hair pin- (a) Mastic asphalt (b) Sheet asphalt
bends in hill roads is taken as
(c) Bituminous carpet (d) Bituminous concrete
(a) 50 kmph (b) 40 kmph
Q.64 Maximum number of vehicles can be
(c) 25 kmph (d) 20 kmph parked along Kerb with

Q.59 The ruling design speed on a national (a) 90o angle parking (b) 45o angle parking
highway in plain terrain as per IRC
(c) 30o angle parking (d) 20o angle parking
recommendation is
Q.65 A scissor cross-over between two parallel
(a) 40 km/h (b) 60 km/h
railway tracks contains
(c) 80 km/h (d) 100 km/h
(a) A diamond cross-over
Q.60 For sandy soils, the most common method
(b) A triangle cross-over
of soil stabilization is
(c) A turn table device
(a) Soil cement stabilization (d) A point crossing device
[UPPSC 2007(II), 2013 ]
(b) Soil bitumen stabilization
Q.66 Creep of rail will be more if
(c) Soil lime stabilisation (a) Double lines are provided separately for up
and down traffic
(d) Mechanical stabilization
(b) Steam locomotives are used
Q.66 In hill roads, the alignment with minimum (c) There are more express trains in a system
resisting length is preferred, if: (d) Wooden sleepers are replaced by steel
sleepers
(a) Its length is minimum
Q.67 For smooth movement of trains, hauling
(b) there is no hair pin bend on the route capacity of a locomotive should be more than
(a) Tractive effort of a locomotive
(c) It fulfils the desired geometrics
(b) Sum of various train resistances
(d) None of these
(c) Total load on driving wheel
Q.62 To avoid overturning of bullock carts on
(d) Total sum of tractive resistances
road curves, the maximum super-elevation
Q.68 In case of railways, the track resistance is
recommended by IRC is
caused due to
(a) 1 in 5 (b) 1 in 15
(a) Frictional resistance of rails
(c) 1 in 25 (d) 1 in 35
(b) Wave action of rails
Q.63 The following is considered to be the highest
(c) Track irregulatities
quality construction in the group of black-top
roads: (d) Flange friction

304
Q.69The distance through which the tongue rall (c) 0.5 (d) 10
moves laterally at the toe of the switch for
movement of trains is called Q.75 The value of ruling gradient in plains as per
(a) Flangeway clearance IRC recommendation is

(b) Heel divergence (a) 1 in 30 (b) 1 in 20

(c) Throw of the switch (c) 1 in 15 (d) 1 in 12

(d) None of these Q.76 If the average centre to centre spacing of

[UPPSC 2007(II), 2011] vehicle is 20 meters, then the basic capacity

of the traffic lane at a speed 50 kmph is
Q.70 In railway, the most severe gradient is
(a) 2500 vehicles per day
(a) Pusher gradient
(b) 2000 vehicles per hour
(b) Momentum gradient
(c) 2500 vehicles per hour
(c) Exceptional gradient
(d) 1000 vehicles per hour
(d) Gradients of track railways

[UPPSC 2007(II), 2013 ] Q.77 The transition curve used in the horizontal
alignment of highway as per IRC
Q.71 Sleeper density in India is normally kept
recommendations is
as follows: Where N is the rail length in m.
(a) Cubic parabola (b) Lemniscate
(a) N (b) N to N + 2
(c) Spiral (d) None of these
(c) N + 2 to N + 7 (d) N + 7 to N + 10
Q.78 The shoulder provided along the road edge
Q.72 Cant deficiency occurs when a vehicle
should be
travels around a curve at
(a) Of same colour as that of the pavement
(a) Design speed (b) Higher speed
(b) Of very low load bearing capacity
(c) Lower speed (d) Booked speed
Q.73 When two equally important roads cross (c) Smoother than the traffic lanes
roughly at right angles, the suitable shape of
central island is (d) Rougher than the traffic lanes

(a) Circular (b) Elliptical Q.79 In rigid pavements, the frictional stresses
are induced in
(c) Triangular (d) Square
(a) The top fibre of pavement slab
Q.74 Equivalent factor of PCU for a passenger
(b) The bottom fibre of pavement slab
car as per IRC is
(c) The middle fibre of pavement slab
(a) 1.0 (b) 2.0 (d) None of these

305
 [UPPSC 2008] Q.86 The minimum radius of horizontal curve for
N.H on plain terrain is taken as
Q.80 Tyre pressure influences the
(a) 90 m (d) 155 m
(a) Total depth of pavement
(c) 60 m (d) 350 m
(b) Quality of surface course
Q.87 The minimum value of super-elevation for
(c) Both of the above
concrete pavements is
(d) None of these
(a) 1 in 60 (b) 1 in 50
Q.81 The IRC recommendation for warning sign
(c) 1 in 90 (d) 1 in 72
is expressed by
Q.88 Expansion joints in cement concrete
(a) Circle on top (b) Triangle on top
pavements are provided at an interval of
(c) Rectangle on top (d) Square on top
(a) 10 m (b) 15 m
Q.82 Penetration test on bitumen is used for
(c) 18 m to 21 m (d) 25 m to 30 m
determination of its
Q.89 Flexible pavement distributes the wheel
(a) Ductility(b) Viscosity
load
(c) Grade (d) None of these
(a) Directly to subgrade
Q.83As per IRC recommendations, the maximum
(b) Through structural action
width of a vehicle should be
(c) Through a set of layers to the subgrade
(a) 4.85 m (b) 3.72 m
(d) None of these
(c) 2.44 m (d) 1.85 m
Q.90 The terrain may be classified as rolling
Q.84 On right angled road intersection with two
terrain if the cross slope of the land is
way traffic, the total number of conflict points
are (a) Upto 10%

(a) 6 (b) 11 (b) Between 10% and 25%

(c) 18 (d) 24 (c) Between 25% and 50%

Q.85 The maximum allowable Los angeles (d) Above 50%

abrasion value for high quality surface course
Q.91 Following tests are conducted for rails:
is
1. Falling weight test
(a) 60% (b) 50%
2. Tensile test
(c) 30% (d) 25%
3. Hammer test

306
 The compulsory tests are Q.97 As per IRC recommendations, the maximum
design speed on a national highway in plain
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 3
terrain should be
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 2 and 3
(a) 65 kmph (b) 80 kmph
Q.92 Top of the rails of a track are placed
(c) 120 kmph (d) 100 kmph
(a) Horizontal
Q.98 The terrain may be classified as mountainous
(b) At an inward slope of 1 in 20
terrain if the cross slope is
(c) At an outward slope of 1 in 20
(a) Between 25 to 60% (b) Between 10 to
(d) None of these 25%
(U.K. Combined A E Paper II 2012)
(c) More than 60% (d) Upto 10%
(UPPSC 2008)
Q.99 The superelevation on a track remains
Q.93 Normally the limiting value of Cant is constant along

(a) G/15 (b) G/12 (a) The circular curve

(c) G/10 (d) G/8 (b) The parabolic curve

Where G is the gauge. (c) The transition curve

[UPPSC 2011] (d) The reverse curve

Q.94 For the design of superelevation for mixed Q.100 The ends of a 4o circular curve is to be
traffic conditions, the speed is reduced by joined with the straight, using a transition
curve of 150 m length. The radius of curvature
(a) 12% (b) 18%
of the circular curve will be about
(c) 25% (d) 30%
(a) 430 m. (b) 286 m
Q.95 The maximus allowable Los Angeles
(c) 143 m (d) 587 m
abrasion value for high quality surface course
is Q.101 Form of transition curve commonly
adopted on Indian Railways is
(a) 50% (b) 30%
(a) Euler spiral
(c) 25% (d) 60%
(b) Froud’s cubic parabola
Q.96 The minimum radius of parabolic summit
curve is equal to (c) Bernoulli’s Lemniscate

(a) L/N (b) 2L/N (d) All of these

(c) L/2N (d) L/3N

307
Q.102 The height of a semaphore signal above try is conditioned by

the ground is (a) Drainage structure

(b) Depth of cut and fill
(a) 5.5 m (b) 6.5 m
(c) Cost of right of way
(c) 7.5 m (d) 8.5 m (d) Maximum grade criteria
109. Vehicle damage factor (VDF) as given by IRC
Q.103 The device used to transfer the wagons/
is used in
locomotives from parallel tracks without any
(a) Westergaard’s analysis
necessity of shunting is
(b) CBR method of pavement design
(a) Triangle (b) Turn table (c) Design of drainage system
(d) Design of dowel bars
(c) Traverser (d) Scotch block
110. When a train passes on curves which have
Q.104 Railway yard, in which wagons are no superelevation, it will give thrust on
received, sorted and new trains are formed, (a) the inner rail
is called (b) the outer rail
(c) inner side of the inner rail
(a) Goods yard (b) Station yard
(d) inner side of the outer rail
(c) Marshalling yard (d) Shunting yard 111. Runway length required under standard con-
ditions is 1500 m. The actual elevation of the side
Q.105 In station yards the recommended is 1100 m above MSL. Runway length corrected
minimum gradient is for altitude will be
(a) 1115 m (b) 1678 m
(a) 1 in 400 (b) 1 in 600
(c) 1185 m (d) 2050 m
(c) 1 in 1000 (b) 1 in 800 112. The main function of fish plates is

Q.106 The formula for the determination of (a) to join the two rails together

superelevation on a curve of B.G. track with (b) to join rails with the sleeper

usual notations, is (c) to allow rail to expand and contract freely

(d) none of the above
2 2
V V
(a) 0.8 cm (b) 1.315 cm Answer Key
R R
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d)
V 2
V 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (a)
(c) 0.60 cm (d) 1.315 cm
R R 11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (a)
[ UPPSC 2013 ] 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (a)
107. The rate of rise/fall of the road surface along 21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (b)
its length, is called
26. (d) 27. (d) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (a)
(a) Cant (b) Superelevation
31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (c) 34. (a)
(c) Banking (d) Gradient
35. (c) 36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (c) 39. (d)
108. Horizontal alignment in mountainous coun-

308
 40. (d) 41. (a) 42. (b) 15th percentile speed Lower limit of speed
43. (d) 44. (a) 45. (a) 46. (b) 85th percentile speed Safe speed
98th percentile speed Design speed
47. (a) 48. (a) 49. (b) 50. (a) 51. (d)
4. (c)
52. (c) 53. (d) 54. (d) 55. (d)
56. (c) 57. (d) 58. (d) 59. (d) 60. (d)
61. (c) 62. (b) 63. (d) 64. (a) 65. (a)
66. (a) 67. (b) 68. (b) 69. (c) 70.
(a) 71. (c) 72. (b) 73. (a) 74. (a)
75. (a) 76. (c) 77. (c) 78. (c) 79.
(d) 80. (b) 81. (b) 82. (c) 83. (c)
84. (d) 85. (c) 86. (d) 87. (b) 88.(*)
89. (c) 90.(b) 91.(b) 92.(b) 93.(c)
94.(c) 95.(b) 96(a) 97.(d)

f
98.(a) 99.(a) 100. (a) 101.(b) re

102.(c) 103.(c) 104.(c) 105.(c)

106.(b) 107. (d) 108. (a) 109. (b) 110.
(d) 111. (c) 112. (a)
1. (a) Guidelines for Selection of Rotaries
(a) Relatively equal traffic on roads which are
approaching rotary.
(b) Upper limit  3000 vehicles/hour, Lower limit
 500 vehicles/hour.
(c) Beneficial when right turning traffic is very high
(Generally more than 30%).
(d) Suitable when number of approaching roads is
more than four.
5. (d)
2. (d)Origin and destination studies:
Desire lines are straight lines connecting the Sight distance, S = 80 m
origin points with destinations.
 The width of such desire lines is drawn proportional 1  1 
Change in gradient, N =  
to the number of trips in both directions. 50  50 
3. (d)
2 1

Percent vehicles at or below speed (shown)

100 98% N=
50 25
90 85%
80 Considering, LS>S,
98th percentage speed

70
85th percentage speed

60
NS4
50 Length of summit curve =
40 4.4
30
20 1
10  802
L = 25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 4.4
Speed km/hr
Presentation of spot speed data L = 58.18  60 m

309
6. (a)Traffic volume (q): It is the number of direction to drain off rain water from road
vehicles passing through a point during specified surface.
unit of time expressed in vehicle/hour or vehicle/  The cross slope for shoulder should be 0.5%
day. steeper than cross slope of Adjoining pavement,
q = kV , where V = space mean speed. subject to a minimum of 3%.
7. (b) 11. (a)Creep of the rail: It is the longitudinal
movement of rail wrt sleepers in a track and its
Grade compensation value varies from 0-16 cm.

30  R 30  76 12. (c) Sleeper density = N + 5

= %= % = 1.4%
R 76 For BG track, length of rail = 13 m
No. of sleeper required for one rail length
75
Maximum grade compensation = = 1%
R = 13 + 5 = 18 nos.

So, grade compensation = 1% No. of sleeper required for 650 m track.

Hence, Compensated grade = 5% -1% = 4% 18

N=  650 = 900 nos.
13
9. (d)
Contraction 13. (c)
joint
Slab length T.N.C. Theoretical Nose of Crossing
Tie Methods to calculate crossing angle ‘N’
Dowel bars bars
Slab width

Cole’s method Centre line method Isosceles triangle

(right angle triangle method) method
N = cot  1/2

1 Used in Indian
/2 /2    1/ 2
Longitudinal N
Railway
N
1   2cot 1 (2N ) N sin   
joint  2 N

14. (b)Shunting signals are used in station yards

Expansion
joint
Location of Joints
Longitudinal Joint: These are provided along the
length of the pavement to reduce the warping
stress. These are provided with tie bars.
 In cement concrete pavement. Tie bars are
provided at mid-depth of slab across longitudinal
joints.
 Tie bars are not designed as load transfer device
but ensures that two slabs remains firm together.
 Length of tie bar = 2 development length (Ld)
 st 
L d = 4  , = dia of bar (nearly 10 mm)
bd
 st = permissible tensile stress in steel.
 =bond stress between steel and concrete.
bd
in shunting operation.
15.(a)
Flange way clearance: It is the distance between
adjacent faces of tongue rail & stock rail at the heel of
switch.
18.(b) In a single line system if heavy equal traffic
(both in number & load) runs in both directions, then
the creep is almost balanced. Otherwise, heavy
traffic in one direction will cause creep, which is
partly balanced by light traffic in opposite direction.
Therefore, the amount of creep in the ralls
will be more in the direction of A to B.
19. (a) Treadle bar is used for Interlocking points &
signals.
20. (a)As per Indian Railways.

10. (a)Camber or cross fall: It is the rising of the Maximum degree Minimum radius
middle of the road surface in the transverse BG 10º 175 m
MG 16º 109m
NG 40º 44m
310
21. (d) drainage.
3. Good Ballast should absorb minimum water.
V2 29. (c) Gauges in Railway Track: It's the clear
22. (c) We know that, e=
127 R distance between inner faces/ running faces of
two track rails.
Therefore, value of SE will be more when
Broad Gauge = 1.676m
speed is more and radius of curvature is less.
Narrow Gauge = 0.762m
23. (a) Meter Gauge = 1.0 m
Light gauge (Feather track) = 0.610 m
Surface/wearing course Standard gauge = 1.435m (Delhi metro) (In generally
UK and USA)
Base course Cement concrete slab
30. (a)
Sub-base course Base-course
31. (b)
32. (c) Indications when semaphore and warner
Soil-subgrade Soil subgrade
signals are installed on same the post.
Flexible pavement Rigid-pavement

24. (a) In the absence of superelevation, the

pressure on the outer wheels will be more than inner
wheels. Therefore, formation of pot hole will be on
the outer edge of road.

26. (d)Traffic density (k): It is the number of

vehicles occupying a unit length of a lane or
(i) Stop (ii)Proceed with (iii)Proceed
roadway at a given instant expressed in vehicle/
caution
kilometre.
27.(d) Figure shows general pattern of alligator
33. (c)
cracking of the bituminous surface. It occurs due to
repeated application of heavy wheels loads resulting Wall Features
fatigue or due to relative movement of pavement Parapet wall To give protection to the
layer material. motorists
Check Wall To add the overall stability to
the hill face.
Breast wall To buttress the upfill slopes of
the road cross section.
Gabion Wall Constructed with dry stone
masonry encased in wire mesh

34. (a)For cement concrete pavement, Camber is

straight line otherwise parabolic.
35. (c) Super elevation or cant
Alligator cracking
e v2
tan  = 
28. (c) Function of Ballast G gR
1. It held the sleepers in position & prevent Gv 2
longitudinal and Lateral movements due to e
127R
Dynamic loads.
V in kmph, R in m, G  Gauge (in m)
2. It give some elasticity to track and provides Good
311
 2
MV cos 
P R
MV
2 44. (a)
 D
R
Type of surface Range of camber
in areas of rainfall
range
mg sin  C e Heavy to Light

A B 1. Cement concrete and high 1 in 50 (2.0%) to 1 in 60 (1.7%)
type bituminous surface
mg cos  2. Thin bituminous surface 1 in 40 (2.5%) to 1 in 50 (2.0%)
3. Water bound macadam 1 in 33 (3.0%) to 1 in 40 (2.5%)
36. (c)Super elevation and gravel pavement
4. Earthen 1in 25(4.0%) to 1 in 33(3.0%)
e v2
tan  = 
G gR 45. (a)Traffic volume (q): It is the number of
39. (d) Valley Curves: These are the vehicles passing through a point during specified
vertical curves having convexity downards. Its unit of time expressed in vehicle/hour or vehicle/
design is governed by comfort criteria and safety day.
criteria (Head light criteria). q = kV , where V = space mean speed.
 Also known as sag curves. 46. (b) Generally, the maximum Gradient allowed is
 Generally cubic parabola is preferred for vertical known as Ruling Gradient & It is the gradient
valley curve. But IRC recommended square allowed so that engine can haul the load with its
parabola.
maximum capacity. In hilly region (1:100 - 1:150)
Summit-Curve: These are vertical curves with & plain region (1:150 - 1:250) .
convexity upwards.
 In pusher gradient, a pusher or helper engine is used.
 Generally parabolic curves are used as summit
For B.G. Track of Western Ghats pusher gradient is
curves.
of 1:37. Generally used in hilly areas.
 It’s design is governed by criteria of sight
 In India, the minimum gradient provided on the station
distance.
yards to drain out off water is 1:400 to 1:1000.
40. (d)Transition curve: When a vehicle travelling  Momentum gradient is steeper than ruling gradient
on a straight road ( infinite radius) enters a curve & comes only after a falling gradient.
of finite radius.Then, it is suddenly subjected to
48. (a)Types of Transition Curve
the centrifugal force which causes shock &
sway. For avoiding this, it is necessary to provide  Transition curve is introduced in between the circular
portion of track & straight track at both ends.
a transition curve at the beginning of the circular
 Cubic parabola ( also called Froud’s curve ) is used
curve, (having a radius equal to infinity at the end
as transition curve & Transition curve are early set
of the straight end) s& gradually reducing the
out by offset method.
radius to the radius of circular curve where the
(a) Spiral curve is used in Highways
curve begins.
(b) Bernoulli’s Lemniscate satisfy the requirement
Note : IRC recommends Spiral Curve for horizontal of Transition curve upto deflection angle of 30.
transition. 49. (b)Design of Turnout:
41. (a) Length of transition curve to attain (a) Curve lead: It is the distance measured along
superelevation of 15 cm stock rail between TNC and toe of switch

L = 400  0.15 (m) = 60 m Curve lead = lead + switch lead

42. (b)Design life for Expressways and Urban roads
may be 20 years or more. For National Highway
and State highways it minimum 15 years, for
other category roads its 10 to 15 years.
50.
312
(b) Lead: It is the distance between TNC and heel
of switch measured along stock rail
(c) Switch lead: It is the distance between heel of
the switch and toe of the switch. It is measured
on stock rail.
(a) For BG track,
 Grade compensation LR = Constant

= 0.4% of degree of curve where L = length of transition curve.

0.04 1 s
=  2.5  53. (d)  s 
100 1000 3

Compensated gradient =
l2
Where αs = polar deflection angle =
Ruling gradient – Grade compensation 6RL

1 1 1 l2
=   and s = spiral angle =
200 1000 250 2RL

1 54. (d)
So, Steepest possible gradient =
250

51. (d) 20 m

2
mv cos 
R 2
mv
R

R R
sin 
mg Do

2
W = mg mg cos mv sin 
R
20 2R
We know that, 
Do 360o
mV 2
mg sin   cos 
R 36  20 1146
Do  
2R R
V2
tan  
gR 55. (d)
56. (c) Considering curve is simple circular.
Cant V 2

G gR
N
=
GV 2 (g
So, Cant = 1 +
9R 2l g
2 )
52. (c) Spiral or ideal transition curve also called h
clothoid.
S S
1 2 2
n R- h
L

313
 Change in gradient, pin curve', a driver has to be very alert because
there will be a danger of fatal accidents. These
N = +g1% - (-g2%)
are unavoidable on hill roads. These should be
= (g1 + g2)% located on a hill side having maximum stability &
minimum slope. Besides hair pin curve, there is
We know that, also a 'corner bend'( which changes its direction
through 180o ), that has its convexity on the outer
L 2l 200l edge of the road at the ridge of the hill side. If the
R  
N  g1  g 2   g1  g 2  side of the hill contains ridges & valleys, Then
100 salient curve (convex) and re-entrant curve
(concave) are provided.
From property of circle,

S S
  h(R  h)
2 2

S4 Road
 Rh  h 2
4

On putting the values of R,

Parapet-wall

S4 200l Corner bend

 h,(Neglecting h 2 )
4 (g1  g 2 )

(g1  g 2 ) S2
So, h=
800 l

57. (d) Stopping Sight Distance: It is

the minimum sight distance available on a Road
highway having sufficient length to enable the
driver to stop a vehicle travelling at a design
speed safely without collision with any
obstruction at any spot. Parapet-wall
Hair pin bend
 Lag distance is the distance by the vehicle,
travelled during reaction time.
 Braking distance is the distance travelled by 59. (d)
the vehicle during braking operation. Design speed
S.S.D = lag distance + Braking distance
v=Design speed, m/sec, Type Plain
t = reaction time (2.5 sec.) NH & SH 100–80
f=Coefficient of longitudinal friction (0.35) MDR 80–65
g=Acceleration due to gravity (m/sec2) ODR 65–50
v2 60. (d) Mechanical stabilization consists of
S.S.D = vt 
2 gf (i) The grading of the soil particles (by changing the
composition of the soil mixture by adding or re-
58. (d) Hair pin bend: When the alignment of road moving the different soil particles).
in hilly areas is like as a hair pin, the bend is (ii) Compacting the soil to improve the stability and
termed as 'hair pin bend'. While negotiating a 'hair strength.
2. No chemicals are added to the soil in the
314
 machanical stabilization.
3. It is used in preparing base course of roads.
61. (c)
The concept of resisting length gives the correct
idea of various alternate routes during selecting
an alignment after the preliminary survey.
Obviously out of the various alternate alignment
which fulfil the desired geometric standards,
the route with the minimum resisting length
should be preferred.
62. (b)
(a) Max super elevation for plain and rolling terrain,
hilly terrain bound by snow = 0.07
(b) For Urban roads is = 0.04
(c) Minimum super elevation for drainage purpose =
2 – 4%.
(d) For hilly terrain not bound by snow its = 0.10
63. (d) Mastic Asphalt: It is durable, damp
proof, non inflammable, non absorbent &
noiseless.
It is manufactured by adding pulvrized natural rock
gradually to molten refined bitumen, agitating the
mixture for about 5 hours (200 – 250ºC) & placing
it into moulds for cooling. Then mass consolidates
into hard elastic blocks which can be remelted
when used for pavement.
64. (a)
Parking study: Covered using video recording.
Types of parking
Off-street parking On street or kerb parking
There is no undue congestion 45° angle is considered
& delay on the road best for parking.
Maximum Vehicles parked
when angles is 90°
65. (a)
Diamond cross over
Therefore, a scissor crossover between two
parallel railway tracks contains a diamond cross over.
67. (b) For smooth movement of train.
Hauling capacity (HC) >  train resistance
68. (b) The track resistance is caused due to
wave action of rail.
69. (c)Throw of switch: It is the maximum distance
by which toe of tongue rail moves sideways. For
BG (9.5 cm) & MG/ NG (8.9 cm)
70. (a) Generally, the maximum Gradient allowed is
known as Ruling Gradient & It is the gradient
allowed so that engine can haul the load with its
maximum capacity. In hilly region (1:100 - 1:150)
& plain region (1:150 - 1:250) .
 In pusher gradient, a pusher or helper engine is used.
For B.G. Track of Western Ghats pusher gradient is
of 1:37. Generally used in hilly areas.
 In India, the minimum gradient provided on the station
yards to drain out off water is 1:400 to 1:1000.
 Momentum gradient is steeper than ruling gradient
& comes only after a falling gradient.
71. (c) Sleeper density: No. of sleepers per rail
length It is N + x
where N = rail lengh (13 for BG)
x = varies b/w 3 to 7
For BG sleeper density is N + 5 (18 sleepers/rail)
72. (b)
 Cant deficiency - It is the difference between
the equilibrium cant necessary for the maximum
permissible speed on a curve & the actual cant
provided (on the basis of average speed of trains).
 Cant deficiency is limited due to -
(a) Extra pressure & lateral force on outer rail.
(b) Higher cant deficiency gives more discomfort to
passengers.
 The allowable cant deficiency for BG is 75mm,
for MG 50mm & for NG 40mm.
Cant deficiency,

D = etheoritical – eact
 
2
2
GVmax GVavg
D= 
127 R 127 R
Scissor cross - over

315
74. (a) Passanger car unit (PCU): It is the ratio of 81. (b) Cautionary/warning- Triangular Warn
capacity of roadway when there are passanger road users of the existence of certain hazardous
cars only to the capacity of same roadway when conditions. They have white background, red
there are vehicles of that class only. border and black symbols.
 The length of side of warning sign board of roads
Vehicle Class Equivalency factors is 45 cm.
Passenger car, Tempo, Auto-rickshaw 1
Motor cycle, scooter, Pedal cycle 0.5
70 70
Cycle Rickshaw 1.5

90

90
R45

0
Bus, Truck 3.0 R45

0
900
75.(a) NARROW 900
(a) Max super elevation for plain and rolling terrain, ROAD AHEAD PEDESTRION
CROSSING
hilly terrain bound by snow = 0.07
(b) For Urban roads is = 0.04 82. (c) Penetration test: It is the resistance to flow
(c) Minimum super elevation for drainage purpose = or measurement of hardness of bitumen.
2 – 4%.  Distance penetrate in sample by a standard pointed
(d) For hilly terrain not bound by snow its = 0.10 needle at 25°C when a 100 gm of load is applied
76.(c) V = 50 kmph for 5 secs.

S = centre to centre spacing of vehicle (in m) = 20 m Penetration

1000V 100 G
Basic capacity, C 
S 100 G

1000  50
C  2500 veh./hour
20
Bitumen 25ºC Bitumen after 5 sec.
77. (c) IRC recommends Spiral Curve for
horizontal transition.  Unit of penetration is 1/10 mm.
78. (d) Shoulders are provided along the road  Therefore, 80/100 means penetration of 8–10 mm.
edge for emergency landing of vehicles. The 83. (c)Design Vehicles are those whose dimensions
shoulders should have sufficient load bearing capacity and weight are adopted for determining the
to support loaded truck. The Surface of shoulder elements of highway design. Maximum
should be rougher than the traffic lanes to permissible width of vehicle is 2.44 m.
discourage the vehicles to use the shoulder as regular
84. (d) Intersection: It is an area where two or
traffic lane. The colour of the shoulder should
more roads join or cross.
preferably be different from that of the pavement so
as to be distinct.  Crossing conflicts are major conflicts while merging
& diverging conflicts are minor conflicts.
79. (d)Frictional stresses: Stresses developed due
to seasonal variation of temperature & no
P P Conflicts in a traffic signal
temperature gradient is considered across the  8 Right turn-Through
thickness. At corner, frictional stress is zero. P 8 Pedestrain
P P 4 Right turn
 Generally frictional stresses are assumed to be  4 Through traffic
constant along length, but in reality it is not P 4 Merging
P 4 Diverging
constant.
Note: In winter, tension develops in the slab while P P Total = 32 Conflicts
in summer compression develops in the slab.

316
85. (c) 1:20
Test for Road Aggregate
Machine Base Course Surface Course 20
Wheel
1. Aggregate abrasion Los Angeles
Abrasion Test
> 50% >30% Axis
2. Aggregate crushing UTH > 45% >30%
value

3. Aggregate Impact
value
Impact Testing
Machine
> 35% (for Bitumen
road)
>30%
Rail
& >40% (for WBM) Adzing of sleeper
86. (d) 1
20 Sleeper
Minimum radii of horizontal curve for NH
93. (c) Normally the limiting value of cant is 1/
and SH
10th gauge.
Classification of terrain Ruling min. (m) Absolute min. (m)
94. (c) Design of superelevation for mixed
1. Plain terrain 36 0 23 0 traffic condition is complex problem, as different
vehicles drives on the road in different range of
2. Rolling 23 0 15 5
speed. As from practical consideration, it is
88 (*) suggested that superelevation should be provided to
fully counteract the centrifugal force due to 75% of
S.No. Condition Interval (m) design speed (speed reduced by 25 % ).
1. Smooth Interface laid in winter 50 – 60 m 96. (a) The minimum radius of parabolic summit
2. Smooth Interface laid in summer 90 – 120 m L
curve is R 
N
3. Rough Interface 140 m
Where, L = the length of curve in metres
89.(c) Load carrying capacity of flexible pavement is
derived from Load distribution property & not N = the deviation angle
from its flexural/Bending strength.
97.(d)Design speed
 The flexible pavement, layers reflect the deformation
of the lower layer.
Type Plain
 Major Pavement failure as per IRC is fatigue,
NH & SH 100–80
cracking & rutting for flexible pavement but in Rigid
pavement, it is fatigue, cracking & Pumping. MDR 80–65
 Bituminous concrete is one of the best flexible layer ODR 65–50
materials. 98.(a) Topography of the land, through which the
90.(b)Topography of the land, through which the road road passes is known as terrain.
passes is known as terrain. Terrain % Cross-slope
Terrain % Cross-slope Plain 0-10
Plain 0-10 Rolling 10-25
Rolling 10-25 Mountainous 25-60
Mountainous 25-60 Steep > 60
Steep > 60 99. (a) The superelevation on track remain
constant along circular curves, which is equals to
92.(b) Adzing of sleepers: Also called tilting of
rails. For effective use of coning of wheels, the
V2
rails are also laid at the slope of 1 in 20 on the e=
gR
sleepers.

101.(b)Bernoulli’s Lemniscate: It is special type of

transition curve which is generally used when
angle of deflection is very large.It is easy to set
317
 out in the field & rate of change of acceleration is
uniform throughout the length of transition curve.
Bernoulli's
& (departure) reforming into desiganation wise of goods
trains. It may be flat yard, hump yard or gravitational
yard.
 Flat yard is used when limited land is available on
plains.

ax jor
lemni scate

a
M

is
 Nowdays practise is to use Hump yards because
Sine shunting operations are done more quickly than
Spiral curve
flat/Gravitational yards.
Cubic Locomotive yard: These are the yards where
45º parabola locomotives are housed & where all the facilities like
P
45º  Different coaling, watering, repairing cleaning oiling are provided
=30º types of for servicing of the Locomotives.
transition
curve 106. (b) Superelevation in Railway.

 It is objectionable in Railways but allowed on GV 2

SE = m
highways. 127R
 Curve closely resembles a clothoid for a polar
angle upto 50. 1.676V 2
SE =  100cm
 Cubic parabola ( also called Froud’s curve ) is 127R
used as transition curve & Transition curve are
early set out by offset method. 1.315V 2
 Spiral curve is used in Highways Cant = cm
R
102. (c) The height of the centre of arm of
semaphore signal is kept 7.5m above the ground. 107. (d) Gradient is the rate of rise of fall along the
length of road, the rise or fall perpendicular to length of
103. (c)Triangle and turn tables are used to
road is termed as transverse slope.
change the direction of locomotive.
108. (a) Numerous hill side drains is being provided
Traverser is a device used to transfer the for adequate drainage facility across the mountainous
Wagons or locomotives, one at a time, to road.
and from parallel track without any
109. (b) According to IRC: 37-2012;
necessity of shunting.
Vehicle damage factor is defined as equivalent number
The scotch block forms an abstraction for the of standard axles per commercial vehicle and used for
vehicles to move beyond dead end of the pavement design.
siding.
110. (d) When a train negotiates on a curve without
superelevation, the pressure on the inner edge of outer
104.(c)Station yard: It is a system of track laid for
rail is more.
receiving, storing, sorting & dispatching of new
vehicles etc. 111. (c) Correction for elevation (positive)
Types of station yard - (a) Passenger, (b) =7% per 300 meter above MSL of length
Locomotive, (c) Goods, (d) Marshalling
Passenger yard: It includes the passenger platforms 7 1100
   1500 = 385 m
& a number of tracks where idle trains can be 100 300
accommodated, examined & cleaned.
So, corrected runway length
Goods yard: It include the platform useful for
loading & unloading goods. = 1500 + 385= 1885 m
Marshalling yard: It is considered as "the heart 112. (a) Fish plates: Thse are used for connecting
that pumps the flow of commence along the track & one rail to the next rail. Also use to resist heavy trans-
main function of marshalling yard are reception, sorting verse shear. Minimum 4 fish bolt are required to con-
nect 2 fish plate.The buckling occurs if fish plates are
318
bolted so tightly that rails are not allowed to slip/expan- [UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007]
sion.
(a) 1.7 to 2.0% (b) 2.5 to 3.0%
1. The target of achieving an overall density (c) 3.5 to 4.0% (d) 4.5 to 5.0%
of road length in third twenty year Road
Development Plan (1981-2001) was 8. Excessive camber on pavements may cause

[U.K. Combined AE Paper II 2012] [UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007]

(a) 32 km/ 100 km2 (b) 45.7 km / 100 km2 (a) deterioration of central portion

(c) 82 km/ 100 km2 (d) 100 km / 100 km2 (b) erosion of the berms
(c) slip of the speedy vehicles towards the
2. Based on location and function, Nagpur
middle
Road Plan has clssified the roads in India
in [U.K. Combined AE Paper II 2012] (d) all of these
(a) 2 categories (b) 4 categories 9. Full ammount of extra width of pavement,
(c) 5 categories (d) 6 categories on the curve, is provided at

3. Standard IRC loading adopted in general for [UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007]
all permanent structures is (a) beginning of the transition curve
(BPSC AE Paper VI 2001) (b) center of the transition curve
(a) Class AA (b) Class A (c) beginning of the circular curve
(c) Class B (d) none of these (d) center of the circular curve

4. The national highway number of Pune- 10. Grade compensation is not necessary for
sholapur-Hyderabad-Vijaywada is gradients less than

(BPSC AE Paper VI 2001) [U.K. Combined A E Paper II 2012]

(a) 6 (b) 9 (a) 1% (b) 2%
(c) 10 (d) 11 (c) 3% (d) 4%

5. In India the modes of transportation in the 11. If V is the speed of a vehicle, r is the ra-
oder of their importance, are : dius of the curve, g is the acceleration due
to gravity, W is the width of the carriage-
(BPSC AE Paper VI 2006)
way, the super evevation is
(a) air transport,shipping,roads,railways
[UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007]
(b) shipping,roads, railway, air transport
(c) railways, roads, shipping, air transport WV WV
(a) gr (b) gr
(d) shipping, railways, roads, air transport
6. The G.T. road from Lahor to Calcutta in un- WV 2 WV
divided India, was constructed during (c) (d) gr 2
gr
(BPSC AE Paper VI 2006)
12. The ideal shape of a transition curve on
(a) 3495-3500 BC (b) 265-270 BC
roads is
(c) 1540-1545 BC (d) 1440-1450
[UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007]
7. The recommended values of camber pro-
(a) clothoid (b) parabola
vided on cement concrete roads are

319
 (c) cubic parabola (d) cubic spiral 19. The convexity provided to the carriageway
between the crown and edge of the pave-
13. The minimum super elevation on curves
ment, is known as
should not be less than
(BPSC AE Paper VI 2006)
[UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007]
(a) super-elevation (b) camber
(a) 5% (b) 4%
(c) height of the pavement (d) None of all
(c) Camber (d) None of the above
20. If the difference in elevation of an edge of
14. Camber specified for water bound Mac-
the pavement 9 m wide and its crown is 15
adam Road is (BPSC AE Paper VI 2001)
cm. The camber of the pavement is
(a) 1 in 30 to 1 in 25 (b) 1 in 40 to 1 in 30
(BPSC AE Paper VI 2006)
(c) 1 in 60 to 1 in 50 (d) zero
(a) 1 in 60 (b) 1 in 45
15. Minimum desirable radius of curvature for
(c) 1 in 30 (d) 1 in 45
horizontal curve at a design speed of 50 km/
hour in urban area is 21. In scanty rainfall regions, the camber pro-
vided will be (BPSC AE Paper VI 2006)
(BPSC AE Paper VI 2001)
(a) Nill (b) flatter
(a) 100.00 m (b) 125.5 m
(c) steeper (d) none of these
(c) 60.0 m (d) 250.0 m
22. Along a horizontal curve, if centrifugal force
16. If V is the design speed in km/hour and R
exceeds lateral friction, a vehicle may
is radius of the curve of hill road, the su-
(BPSC AE Paper VI 05.12.2012)
per elevation.
(a) skid (b) slip
(BPSC AE Paper VI 2006)
(c) overturn (d) None of these
(U.K.Combined State AE Paper II 2012)
23. The distance travelled by a moving vehicle
V V2 during perception and brake reaction time
(a) e  (b) e  is known as-
127R 254R
(BPSC AE Paper VI 05.12.2012)
V2 V2
(c) e  (d) e  (a) sight distance (b) stopping distance
225R 9.5R
(c) lag distance (d) passing distence
17. Maximum super-elevation on hill roads
24. If an ascending gradient of 1 in 50 meets a
should not exceed.
descending gradient of 1 in 50, the length
(BPSC AE Paper VI 2006) Lof summit curve for a stopping sight dis-
(a) 5% (b) 7% tance of 80 m will be
(c) 8% (d) 10% (JPSC Combined AE Paper VI 2013)
18. Length of vehicles does not affect (a) 0 m (b) 64 m
(c) 80 m (d) 60 m
(BPSC AE Paper VI 2006)
(a) extra widening 25. Passenger car unit of bullock cart is-
(b) minimum radius of turning (BPSC AE Paper VI 2001)
(c) passing sight distance (a) 1.5 (b) 3.0
(d) width of shoulders (c) 1.0 (d) none of these
320
26. The number of vehicles moving in a speci- 31. Which of the following properties is not con-
fied dirction on a roadway that pass a given sidered while selecting good aggregate for
point of during specific unit of time is road? (BPSC AE Paper VI 2006)
called- (BPSC AE Paper VI 05.12.2012)
(JPSCC Combined AE Paper VI 2013)
(a) traffic volume (b) traffic density
(a) Toughness (b) Adhesiveness
(c) traffic capacity (d) basic capacity
(c) Swelling (d) Ductility
27. A road sign indicating ‘no parking’ is
33. Abrasion test is conducted to find
(BPSC AE Paper VI 05.12.2012)
(BPSC AE Paper VI 05.12.2012)
(a) warning sign (b) prohibitory sign
(a) hardness of aggregates
(c) mandatory sign (d) informatory sign
(b) strength of aggregates
28. Recommended grade of tar for grouting (c) toughness of aggregates
purpose is
(d) durability of aggregates
(U.K. Combined A E Paper II 2012)
34. The result of ring and ball test on bitumen
(a) RT - 1 (b) RT - 2 is given in terms of
(c) RT - 3 (d) RT - 5
(BPSC AE Paper VI 05.12.2012)
29. The Bitumen grade 80/100 indicates (a) viscosity (b) time
(U.K. Combined A E Paper II 2012) (c) temperature (d) flow
(a) penetration value 35. Which one of the following pairs is not cor-
(b) kinematic viscosity rectly matched?
(c) API gravity (JPSC Combined AE Paper VI 2013)
(d) dynamic viscosity (a) Horizontal curves – Super elevation
30. California Bearing Ratio method of design- (b) Origin and destination studies - Desire lines
ing flexible pavement is more accurate, as (c) Loss Angeles - Hardness of test aggregates
it involves
(d) Soundness test - Purity of bitumen
(UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007)
36. The phenomena in which, the segregation
(a) Characteristics of soils of bitumen and aggregates takes place in
(b) Traffic densities the presence of moisture is called-
(c) Specifications of the road making materials (BPSC AE Paper VI 05.12.2012)
(d) None of these (a) streaking (b) slippage
31. RC-2, MC-2 and SC-2 correspond to (c) stripping (d) rutting
(BPSC AE Paper VI 2006) 37. The height of the dowel above the road level
(a) Same viscosity should not be more than:

(b) viscosity in increasing order from RC-2 to (UKPSC AE (Paper-I) 2007)

SC-2 (a) 10 cm (b) 20 cm
(c) viscosity in decreasing order from RC-2 to (c) 30 cm (d) 40 cm
SC-2
38. The position of base course in a flexible
(d) None of these

321
 pavement is (BPSC VPITI-2012) (d) all of these
(BPSC AE Paper VI 05.12.2012) 44. Sand may be used as ballast for
(a) Below the sub-base (Uattarkhand Combined State AE Paper II 2007)
(b) Over the sub-base (a) wooden sleeper
(c) Over the sub-grade but below sub-base (b) steel sleeper
(d) Over the wearing course when renewal of (c) cast-iron sleeper
surface is needed
(d) none of these
39. The walls which are necessary on the hill
45. The bottom width of foot in a flat footed rail
side of road way where earth has to be re-
is (U.K. Combined A E Paper II 2012)
tained from slipping are known as
(a) 66.7 mm (b) 70.1 mm
(UK Combined A.E. Paper (II) 2012)
(c) 121.6 mm (d) 136.0 mm
(UPPSC State Eng. A.E. 2007 (I)]
46. A track is elastic mainly because of
(a) retaining wall (b) breast wall
(U.K. Combined A E Paper II 2012)
(c) parapet wall (d) boundary wall
(a) rail (b) sleeper
40. The first stage of deciding the alignment of
(c) ballast (d) formation
a hill road is (BPSC AE Paper VI 2006)
(a) reconnaissance 47. Sleeper density normally, adopted in Indian
railway practice is
(b) detailed survey
(UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007/UKPSC
(c) trace-out
AE Paper II 2013)
(d) perliminary survey
(a) M + 1 to M + 7 (b) M + 1
41. The best binder material for stone aggre-
(c) M (d) M – 2
gate, in patch repair work during rainy sea-
son, with heavy traffic is 48. The ballalst packed below and around
sleeper to transfer the load from sleeper to
(UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007)
sub-base, generally, consists of
(a) clayey soil (b) hot bitumin
(UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007)
(c) bituminous emulsion (d) none of all
(a) broken stones (b) gravel
42. The maximum axle load for metre gauge in
(c) moorum (d) all of these
India, in tonnes is
49. A bridge having its floor supported at the
(UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007)
top of the superstructure is called
(a) 13.26 (b) 17.34
(BPSC AE Paper VI 05 12.2012
(c) 22.82 (d) 28.56
(a) though bridge (b) deck bridge
43. The main function of sleeper is
(c) skew bridge
(UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007) (d) semi-through bridge
(a) to support rails
50 Conning of wheels is provided
(b) to hold rails at correct gauge
(UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007)
(c) to distribute load from the rails to the bal-
(a) to check lateral movement of wheels
last

322
 (b) to avoid damage to the inner faces of rails 57. Minimum depth of ballast cushion for a
(c) to avoid discomfornt to passengers Broad Gauge wooden sleeper of size 275 ×
25 × 13 cm with 75 cm sleeper spacing is
(d) all of these
(UK PSC AE Paper II 2012)
51. The rails are laid without bending at the (a) 15 cm (b) 20 cm
curve, where the degree of curve is
(c) 25 cm (d) 30 cm
(U.K. Combined A E Paper II 2012)
58. The type of transition curve used in Indian
(a) less than 3° (b) equal to 3° railways, is
(c) 4° (d) 5°
(UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007)
52. In India, the ruling gradient provided in (a) spiral (b) cubic parabola
plains for one locomotive train is
(c) lemniscate (d) S-curve
(U.K. Combined A E Paper II 2012)
59. Following method is used to claculate the
(a) 1 IN 250 to 1 in 200 crossing angle
(b) 1 IN 2000 to 1 in 250
(UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007)
(c) 1 IN 250 to 1 in 300
(a) right angle method (b) centre line method
(d) 1 IN 300 to 1 in350
(c) isosceles triangle method (d) all of these
53. The maximum permissible degree of curve
60. Check rails are provided on inner side of
for B.G. track in hilly area should be
inner rails, if the sharpness of a B.G. curve
(U.K. Combined A E Paper II 2012) is more than
(a) 16° (b) 10° (UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007)
(c) 40° (d) 50° (a) 3% (b) 5%
54. Safe speed for B.G. track on transition (c) 6% (d) 8%
curve is limited to
61. Acute junctions are of the following types:
(UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007)
(U.K. Combined A E Paper II 2012)
(a) 4.4 R  60 (b) 4.4 R  70 (a) all paned type (b) slip round type
(c) island type (d) All the above
(c) 3.65 R  60 (d) 3.65 R  70
62. The switch angle in railway is given by the
55. Creeping of rails can be checked by
following formula:
(U.K. Combined A E Paper II 2012)
(UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007)
(a) chairs (b) bearing plates
1  d  1  d 
(c) anchors (d) spikes (a)   sin   (b)   cos  
D D
56. A welded rail joint is generally
2 2
(UK Combined State AE Paper II 2007) 1  d  1  d 
(c)   sin   (d)   cos  
(a) supported on a sleeper D D
(b) supported on a metal plate ANSWER KEY
(c) suspended 1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b)
(d) none of these 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (a)
323
8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (c) of finite radius.Then, it is suddenly subjected to
12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (b) the centrifugal force which causes shock & sway.
15. (a) 16. (c) For avoiding this, it is necessary to provide a tran-
sition curve at the beginning of the circular curve,
17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (c)
(having a radius equal to infinity at the end of the
21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (c) straight end) s& gradually reducing the radius to
24. (d) 25. (d) 26. (a) the radius of circular curve where the curve be-
27. (c) 28. (d) gins.
29. (a) 30. (c) 31. (a) 32. (d) Note: IRC recommends Spiral Curve for horizontal
33. (a) 34. (c) transition.
35. (d) 36. (c) 37. (c) 38. (b)
13. (c) (a) Max super elevation for plain and rolling
39. (b) 40. (a) 41. (c)
terrain, hilly terrain bound by snow = 0.07
42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (c) 45. (d) (b) For Urban roads is = 0.04
46. (c) 47. (a) 48. (d) (c) Minimum super elevation for drainage purpose =
49. (b) 50. (d) 2 – 4%.
51. (a) 52. (a) 53. (b) 54. (b) (d) For hilly terrain not bound by snow its = 0.10
55. (c) 56. (c) 57. (c) 14. (b)
58. (b) 59. (d) 60. (d) 61. (d) Water bound macadam 1 in 33 (3.0%) to 1 in 40 (2.5%)
62. (a) and gravel pavement
Detailed Solution V2
1. (c) 15. (a) e  f 
127R
Bombay Plan Lucknow Plan
1961–1981 1981–2001 (50) 2
R  103.6 m
Road density Road density 127(0.04  0.15)
32 km/100 km 2
82 km/100 km2 17. (d)Minimum super elevation for drainage purpose
3. (b) According to loading = 2 – 4%.
I.)Class A ii.) 70 R loading For hilly terrain not bound by snow its = 0.10
Permanent Bridges 18. (d) Design Vehicles are those whose dimensions
iii.)Class AA iv.)Class B
and weight are adopted for determining the ele-
Temporary Bridge
ments of highway design. Maximum permissible
6. (c) It's Constructed during the time of Shershah width of vehicle is 2.44 m.
Suri (1540-1545AD). Width of shoulders depend upon width of vehicle,
7. (a) not length of vehicle.
Cement concrete and high 1 in 50 (2.0%) to 1 in 60 (1.7%) 19. (b) Camber or cross fall: It is the rising of the
type bituminous surface middle of the road surface in the transverse direc-
10. (d) Grade compensation: It is reduction in ver- tion to drain off rain water from road surface.
tical gradient due to the horizontal curve, which is  The cross slope for shoulder should be 0.5%
intended to off set the extra tractive effort involved steeper than cross slope of Adjoining pavement,
at the curve. subject to a minimum of 3%.
30  R 0.15 1
%, R  Radius of
Grade compensation =
R 20. (c) Slope = (9 / 2)  30
curve in m
21. (b) In scant rainfall region, the camber provided is
75
Maximum value = % (No compensation is zero.
R
required if grade is flatter than 4%) 22. (a) Skidding: When longitudinal movement on
12. (c) Transition curve: When a vehicle travelling road is more than wheels revolution.
on a straight road ( infinite radius) enters a curve Slipping: Wheel revolves more than

324
 corresponding longitudinal movement. 28. (d) RT-5 is used for grouting which has highest
23. (c)Stopping Sight Distance: It is the minimum viscosity.
sight distance available on a highway having suffi- 29. (a) Unit of penetration is 1/10 mm.
cient length to enable the driver to stop a vehicle  Therefore, 80/100 means penetration of 8–10 mm.
travelling at a design speed safely without colli- 31. (a) MC – 2 will be thicker than MC – 1 but RC –
sion with any obstruction at any spot.
5 & SC – 5 will have same viscosity.
 Lag distance is the distance by the vehicle,
travelled during reaction time. 33. (a) Abrasion test: It gives hardness of Aggre-
 Braking distance is the distance travelled by gates
the vehicle during braking operation.
Cover
S.S.D = lag distance + Braking distance Plate
 1  1  1
24. (d) N   50    50    25
  
Steel Balls
4
Consider L  S,L  2S  ,
N

Loss Angeles abrasion test set-up

4
L  2  80   60 m
 
1
  35. (d) Soundness test: It gives resistance of ag-
 25  gregate to weathering action (Durability)
25. (d)  Aggregates of specified size are subjected
Passanger car unit (PCU): It is the ratio of capacity to cycle of alternate wetting in a saturated
of roadway when there are passanger cars only to the solution of sodium sulphate/magnesium
capacity of same roadway when there are vehicles of sulphate for 16–18 hours & then dried in oven
at temperature 105–110°C to a constant
that class only.
weight. After 5 cycles, loss in weight is
Vehicle Class Equivalency determined by seiving out under sized
factors
particles.
Passenger car, Tempo, Auto-rickshaw 1  Loss in weight should be less than 12% when
Motor cycle, scooter, Pedal cycle 0.5 sodium sulphate & 18% when magnesium
Cycle Rickshaw 1.5 sulphate is used.
Bus, Truck 3.0 37. (c)Dowel bar: Load transfer device across trans-
verse joint and they keep the two slab at same
26. (a)Traffic density (k): It is the number of ve- height.
hicles occupying a unit length of a lane or road-  Load transfer capacity of the dowel bar is assumed
way at a given instant expressed in vehicle/ to be 40% of the wheel load.
kilometre.
 Spacing between dowel bars is kept at 30 cm.
Traffic volume (q): It is the number of vehicles
 Length between 40 cm to 73 cm, nearly 60 cm.
passing through a point during specified unit of time
 The hight of dowel bar above the road level should
expressed in vehicle/hour or vehicle/day.
not be more than 30 cm.
q = kV , where V = space mean speed.
38. (b)
27. (c) Mandatroy/Regulatory: Circular
These inform the road users of laws end regulations; Surface/wearing course

violation is a legal offence. Cement concrete slab

Base course
Informatory–Rectangular Base-course
Sub-base course
For information & guidance or road users
Cautionary/warning- Triangular Warn road users Soil-subgrade Soil subgrade
of the existence of certain hazardous conditions Flexible pavement Rigid-pavement

325
39. (b) property, Excellent ballast material for station
yards & but it is corrosive in nature.
Wall Features
(e) Brick ballast : It is fairly good for drainage.
Parapet wall To give protection to the 749 (b) Deck Bridges : These are the bridges whose
motorists
flooring are supported at the top of the superstruc-
Check Wall To add the overall stability to
tures.
the hill face.
Through Bridges : These are the bridges whose floor-
Breast wall To buttress the upfill slopes of
the road cross section. ings are supported or suspended at the bottom of
Gabion Wall Constructed with dry stone the superstructure.
masonry encased in wire mesh Skew Bridges : The bridges which are not at right angles
to the axis of the river.
41. (c) Emulsion is a two phase system consisting
Semi-Through Bridges : These are the bridges whose
of two immiscible liquids.
The bitumen/tar content in emulsion range from 40 flooring are supported at some intermediate level
to 60% & the remaining portion is water. of the superstructure.
Cut back Bitumen: Bitumen whose viscosity is 50. (d)
reduced by adding volatile diluents. Coning of wheels: Wheels of the train are made
The cutbacks are also designated by numbers. The at a slope of 1:20. Which is known as conning of wheels.
bigger the number, the thicker or viscous it will be. It reduces the wear & Tear of wheel flanges & also
prevent the wheels from slipping.
43. (d) Sleepers (Rail road lines) are the members
which support the rail & are laid transverse to it. 53. (b) As per Indian Railways.
They act as elastic medium for providing longitu- Maximum degree of curve
dinal and lateral stability to the track & distributed BG 10º
load from rail to ballast.
MG 16º
44. (c) Sand: It provides good drainage & silent track.
NG 40º
It is generally use in cast iron sleeper.
45. (d) 1. The bottom width of foot in a flat 54. (b)
footed rail is 13.6 cm.
2. Flat footed rails also known as Vignole’s rails and Safe speed of train as per Martin’s Formula
these rails are designed by weight of rail per unit For low speed (<100 kmph) For High speed (>100 kmph)
length. These are most commonly used in India. Transition curve Non-trasition curve Vmax  4.58 R (BG)
80% of speed
3. 52 kg rail (52 kg/m F.F) is suitable upto 130 kmph on BG & MG on NG
on transition curve.
& 60 kg rail is suitable upto speed of 160 kmph. Vmax  4.35 R  67 Vmax  3.6 R  6.1
4. Flat footed rails is commonly used in India.
47. (a)Sleeper density: No. of sleepers per rail length
It is N + x 55. (c) Measurement of Creep
where N = rail lengh (13 for BG)  Maximum permitted creep on BG track is 150 mm
x = varies b/w 3 to 7  Creep should be measured at an Interval of about 3
For BG sleeper density is N + 5 (18 sleepers/rail) month.
48. (d) ypes of ballast  No creep should be permitted on points & crossings.
(a) Broken stone: Best material as ballast, has Prevention of creep:
maximum stability.Igneous Rock such as
(i) Using steel sleepers
Granite, Quartzite make good ballast material.
(ii) Pulling back rails to original position
(b) Sand: It provides good drainage & silent track.
(c) Gravel or River pebble or shingle: They are (iii) By providing sufficient crib ballast & anchors
smooth & round, so poor packing and 56. (c) Rail Joints: Are needed to hold together the
interlocking. Gravel ballast gives better adjoining ends of the rail. They are the weakest
performance in soft formation. part of the track. It's strength is 50% of strength
(d) Ashes or Clinders: They have excellent drainage of rail.

326
 Supported Suspended
Types of Rail joints
Bridge Compromise Expansion Welded
1.
The shoulder provided along the road edge
Rail ends
rests on a
Rail ends
are projected
Projected
rail ends
Two different Gap is
rail sections provided should be
Most
perfect &
single beyond are are joined by for thermal strongest type
sleeper, called
joint sleeper
sleepers, called
shoulder sleeper
connected
by a flat
fish plates. expansion
(a) Rougher than the traffic lanes
of Joints.

or corrugated
plate (b) Smoother than the traffic lanes
S  W 75  25 (c) Of same colour as that of the pavement
57. (c) D min  
2 2 (d) Of very low load bearing capacity
= 25 cm [RPSC ACF - 2011]
58. (b)Types of Transition Curve [RPSC GWD A.En. - 2014]
 Transition curve is introduced in between the circular 2. The value of ruling gradient as per IRC in
portion of track & straight track at both ends. plains is
 Cubic parabola ( also called Froud’s curve ) is used
as transition curve & Transition curve are early set
(a) 1 in 10 (b) 1 in 15
out by offset method. (c) 1 in 25 (d) 1 in 30
(a) Spiral curve is used in Highways [RPSC VPITI - 2012]
(b) Bernoulli’s Lemniscate satisfy the requirement [RPSC A.En. - 2013]
of Transition curve upto deflection angle of 30.
3. Benkelman beam deflection method is used
59. (d)
for design of
Crossing angle:
(a) Rigid overlay on rigid pavement
The spread at the leg of crossing (b) Flexible overlay on flexible pavement
No. of crossing (N) =
The length of corssing T.NC. (c) Rigid overaly on flexible pavement
T.N.C. Theoretical Nose of Crossing (d) Flexible overlay in rigid pavement
Methods to calculate crossing angle ‘N’ [RPSC A.En. - 2013]
Cole’s method
(right angle triangle method)
Centre line method Isosceles triangle
method
4. For designing railways bridges, the load con-

N = cot 
1 Used in Indian
/2
1/2
   1/ 2
/2
sidered are as per
N
Railway 1   2cot (2N ) 1
sin    N
(a) IRC class AA
N  2 N

60. (d) Check Rails are provided on the opposite side (b) IRC class 70R
of the crossing for guiding one wheel of the ve- (c) EUDL as per bridges rules
hicle & thus to check the tendency of other wheel
to climb over the crossing. (d) IRC class 70 R for designing and class
 On the curves, check rails parallel to Inner rail can AA for checking
be Introduced to control wear. [RPSC ACF - 2011]
 Check-rails are used if the degrees of curves is more
[RPSC LECTURE - 2011]
than 8º for BG and more than 14° for MG.
61. (a) Switch angle: It is the angle between running 5. IRC class - B loading is intended for the de-
faces of stock rail & tongue rail when tongue rail sign of
touches the stock rail. (a) Temporary bridges
Heel divergence (b) Bridge in B class cities

Length of tongue rail (c) Box - girder bridges
(d) Suspension bridges

Heel [RPSC ACF - 2011]
divergence h
i l len
g t [RPSC LECTURE - 2011]
ue ra
Tong
ANSWER KEY
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (d)
327
 5. (a) 5.(a) According to loading I.)Class A ii.) 70 R loading
Permanent Bridges

1.(a) The cross slope for shoulder should be 0.5% iii.)Class AA iv.)Class B
steeper than cross slope of Adjoining pavement, Temporary Bridge

subject to a minimum of 3%. CGVYAPAM HOUSING BOARD AE 2014

2.(d) Gradient is the rate of rise or fall along the length
of the road wrt the 1. Determine the optimum cycle length if the
horizontal. sum of the ratios of normal flows to satura-
IRC specifications for Road Gradient in different tion flow of two directional flow is 0.75 and
terrains (%)
the total lost time per cycle is 8 seconds:
Terrain Ruling Limiting Exceptional (a) 68 seconds (b) 60 seconds
Plain/Rolling 3.3 5 6.7
Hilly 5 6 7 (above 3000 m MSL)
(c) 80 seconds (d) 62 seconds
Steep 6 7 8 (above 3000 m MSL) 2. Match List - I and List - II and select the

3.(b) Flexible Overlay over flexible pavement correct answer using the codes given below:
h 0 = hd – h e
he=Total thickness of existing pavement (cm) List - I List - II
h o = overlay thickness required (cm) (Vehicle Parameter) (For the design of )
h d = Design thickness required (cm)
Benkelman Beam Deflection method: (a) Width (i) Gradient, grade
Characteristic deflection (DC)  DC = D + t compengation
Where = Standard deviation,
(b) Height (ii) Width of shoulder,
Dc = Characteristic deflection Parking area
D=Mean value of deflection
t=depends on % of deflection values to be covered (c) Length (iii) Flyover and under
in design. pases
Over lay thickness design.
(d) Engine Capacity (iv) Highway Junction,
R Dc Hairpin bends
h 0 = 0.434 log10 D (Ruiz’s Equation).
a

R = Deflection reduction factor depending

on the overlay material. (a) (b) (c) (d)
h 0 = thickness of Bituminous overlay in cm. (A) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
Dc (B) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
h o = 550log10 D As per IRC (C) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
a

h o = Thickness of granular or WBM over- (D) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)

lay in mm.
D c = D   , after applying the corrections 1. (a) 2. (b)
for pavement temperature & subgrade 1. Option (A)
moisture, Given
D a = 1.00, 1.25 & 1.50 mm if the projected Ratio of normal flows to saturation flow of two
design traffic A is 1500 to 4500, 450 to
dimensional flow = 0.75
1500 and 150 to 450 respectively.
Time lost per cycle = 8 sec
Optimum length of signal

328
 violation is a legal offence.
(1.5  T  5)
Cycle 
(1  Z ) 600
70
T = 8 sec, Z = 0.75
[(1.5  8)  5]
( Lc ) 
(1  0.75)
LC = 68 seconds. 470 750
600 900
Compulsory Speed Horn
keep Left Limit Prohibited
1. If present Average Daily Traffic (ADT) is
5000 vehicles and annual increase is 10%, 3.(b)(a) Max super elevation for plain and rolling
then average future flow after 5 years will terrain, hilly terrain bound by snow = 0.07
be - (UPPCL AE 2014) (b) For Urban roads is = 0.04
(c) Minimum super elevation for drainage purpose =
(a) 7050 (b) 9050
2 – 4%.
(c) 8050 (d) 6050 (d) For hilly terrain not bound by snow its = 0.10
2. The diameter of a mandatory sign disc must
1.While panning on locating major ‘routes’ in a
be (UPPCL AE 2014)
city, which one of the following traffic sur-
(a) 50 cm (b) 60 cm vey schemes is most relevant?
(c) 30 cm (d) 100 cm
(UPRVUNL AE 2014)
3. The value of maximum permissible super el-
(a) Traffic volume survey
evation in a road is :- (UPPCL AE 2014)
(a) 1 in 30 (b) 1 in 15 (b) Origin and destination survey
(c) 1 in 18 (d) 1 in 12 (c) Speed survey
4. According to the Indian road congress the (d) Traffic capacity survey
ruling slope of roads should not be more than:- 2. For determing spot speed in traffic engi-
(UPPCL AE 2014) neering, which one of the following equip-
(a) 1 in 18 ments is useful?
(b) 1 in 15 (UPRVUNL AE 2014)
(c) 1 in 20 (a) Endoscope (b) Periscope
(d) 1 in 30 (c) Radar (d) Tachometer
ANSWER KEY
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 3. The Lane flow equation is given by:
(Where Q is lane flow in vehicles per hour,
1. (c) A = P (1+r)x K is density in vehicles per kilometre, V is
p = Number of commercial vehicles per day at last maximum speed in kilometre per hour)
count. (UPRVUNL AE 2014)
r = rate of increase of traffic expressed in fraction
(0.075 per year-as per IRC 37 : 2001, 0.05 as per IRC (a) Q = K/V (b) Q = V/K
37 : 2012). (c) Q = KV (d) Q = K + V
A = 5000 (1+0.1)5
= 8050 4. In the free flow speed is given as 20 kph,
what will be the speed at maximum flow?
2. (b) Mandatroy/Regulatory: Circular
These inform the road users of laws end regulations; (UPRVUNL AE 2014)

329
 (a) 10 kph (b) 20 kph 1. O and D table 2. Desires lines. 3. pie-chart. 4.
Contour lines.
(c) 40 kph (d) 5 kph
2. (a)
5. Among the following which one is not a de- Spot speed: It is measured using pressure contact
sirable property of the subgrade soil to be tubes, Enoscope, loop deflector & Doppler radar.
used as a highway material?  Average of spot speed is done in two way.
 Spot speed study can not be used to find density
(UPRVUNL AE 2014)
of vehicles and it measure of how well is a road
(a) Stability (b) Ease of compaction network operating.
(c) Good drainage (d) Bitumen adhesion 3. (c)
Traffic volume (q): It is the number of vehicles
6. The recommended entry angle for round- passing through a point during specified unit of time
about junction is: (UPRVUNL AE 2014) expressed in vehicle/hour or vehicle/day.
(a) less than 10° q = kV , where V = space mean speed.
(b) between 10° and 60° 4.(a)
dq vf
(c) between 60° and 90° Speed at maximum flow dv  0, vs 
2
s
(d) more than 90°
20
vs   10 kmph
7. For vertical profile of a road, the maximum 2
design gradient is: (UPRVUNL AE 2014) 7. (b)
(a) Limiting gradient Ruling gradients: It is the maximum gradient with
which designer attempts to design the vertical profile
(b) Ruling gradient
of the road. It is use in design.
(c) Exceptional gradient  Exceptional gradient: These are given at
(d) Minimum gradient unavoidable situations. They are limited to a stretch
of 100 m in a single run.
8. On which of the following is the highway  Limiting gradient: It is to be adopted when ruling
design based? (UPRVUNL AE 2014) gradient results in very high increase in cost of
(a) Axle load construction due to cutting and filling.
(b) Axle spacings 1. What is the primary function of dowel bars
(c) Vehicle speed
provided across expansion joints in a plain
cement concrete pavement ?
(d) Both axle load and axle spaces
(UPPCL AE-2015)
ANSWER KEY
(a) To reduce the curling and warping stresses
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a)
5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (b) (b) To maintain the finished surface of the
8. (d) pavement
(c) For load transfer across the joint
1. (b) Origin and destination studies: Desire lines (d) To reduce the temperature stresses in the
are straight lines connecting the origin points with
pavement
destinations.
 The width of such desire lines is drawn proportional 2. In a bituminous mixture design, what is the
to the number of trips in both directions. sum of the volume of air voids and the vol-
 These studies are helpful in planning new highways ume of bitumen in a compacted mix called ?
& improving new existing services. Also used in
(UPPCL AE-2015)
planning mass rapid transit system. (MRTS)
 O and D data is presented is various forms (a) Voids filled with bitumen (VFB)

330
 (b) Volume of mix Volume of (Air  Bitumen)
VMA =  100
(c) Voids in the mineral aggregates (VMA) Total volume
(d) Volume of air voids in the compacted mix 4. (b) Major Pavement failure as per IRC is fatigue,
3. Which of the following is not a function of a cracking & rutting for flexible pavement but in Rigid
pavement shoulder ? (UPPCL AE-2015) pavement, it is fatigue, cracking & Pumping.
(a) Shoulders serve as emergency lanes v2
(b) Shoulder serve as a drainage media 5. (a) SSD = vt 
2 gf
(c) Shoulders provide structural support to the
edges of the flexible pavements 72 1000 (20) 2
 3
(d) Shoulders help increase the capacity and 3600 2  10  0.35
= 60 + 57 = 117 m
operating speeds of vehicles.
4. Which of the following is not a distress ob- v2 v2
6. (a) e f  
served in flexible pavements ? gR 225 R
(UPPCL AE-2015) putting the values (f = 0)
(a) Alligator cracking (b) Mud pumping (75) 2
e0   0.0556
(c) Pot hole formation (d) Raveling 225  450
5. If the average reaction time of drivers is 3 s 1. Dowel bars are provided in jointed concrete
and the coefficient of friction for a flexible pavements to [ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ]
pavement is 0.35, then what will be the safe (a) Transfer load from one slab to another
stopping sight distance, in m, for a two-way (b) Resist thermal stresses at corner
traffic on a two-lane road ? (Assume design (c) Avoid pumping action
speed is 72 kmph and g = 10 ms-2) (d) Provide reinforced concrete composite ac-
(UPPCL AE-2015) tion
(a) 117 (b) 120 2. Whose theory is primarily applied for design-
(c) 57 (d) 60 ing rigid pavements?
6. A two lane road designed for 75 kmph has a (a) Bossinessq (b) Westergaard
horizontal curve of radius 450 m. What will (c) Skemlpton (d) McCormac
be the rate of super elevation ? [ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ]
(UPPCL AE-2015)
3. A highway is to be designed for carrying
(a) 0.0556 (b) 0.0450
heavy and very heavy traffic loads. As per
(c) 0.0800 (d) 0.0600
IRC, the minimum grade of concrete pre-
NSWER KEY
scribed for the pavement quality concrete
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b)
5. (a) 6. (a) (PQC) layer is [ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ]
(a) M35 (b) M40
1. (c) Dowel bar: Load transfer device across trans- (c) M45 (d) M50
verse joint and they keep the two slab at same 4. Which of the following is not a strength mea-
height. surement test commonly adopted for evalu-
 Load transfer capacity of the dowel bar is assumed
to be 40% of the wheel load. ation of soil subgrade?
2. (c)Voids in mineral aggregate (VMA): (a) California bearing ratio

331
 (b) Dynamic cone penetration test 10. The pressure sustained per unit deformation
(c) Plate load test of subgrade at specified deformation level
(d) Falling weight deflectometer using specified plate size is defined as:
[ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ] (a) California bearing ratio
5. Marshall stability test for bituminous mix- (b) Bearing capacity
tures is carried out at what temperature (  1 (c) Modulus subgrade reaction
deg C)? (d) Safe bearing capacity
(a) 40 (b) 50 [ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ]
(c) 60 (d) 70 11. Which of the following is a disadvantage of
[ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ] traffic signals?
6. As per IRC, the minimum elastic recovery (a) Reduction in accidents due to crossing con-
for crumb rubber modified bitumen should flict
be: [ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ] (b) Pedestrian can cross the roads at signalized
(a) 30% (b) 50% intersection
(c) 75% (d) 80% (c) The rear-end collisions increase
7. Which of the following is not a cuase of alli- (d) There is a reasonable speed along them a-
gator cracking in flexible pavements? jor traffic road
(a) Relative movement of pavement layer [ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ]
material 12. If the jam density on a road designed for a
(b) Repeated application of heavyi wheel free mean speed is 75 km/h is 100 vehicles/
loads km, then the capacity flow will be:
(c) Swelling or shrinkage of subgrade or other (a) 1500 (b) 1875
layers due to moisture variation (c) 2250 (d) 2760
(d) Sliding of side slopes [ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ]
[ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ] 13. Annual average daily traffic is obtained by
8. In regard to pavement material selection, the determining average daily traffic volume
soundness test on aggregates is conducted recorded for [ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ]
to study the resistance of aggregate to: (a) 302 days (b) 365 days
(a) Mechanical abrasion (c) 24 months (d) 10 years
(b) Sonorous Property 14. On a standard road braking test, a vehicle
(c) Weathering action traveling at a peed of 10 m/s was stopped by
(d) Freeze-thaw applying full brakes and the skid marks were
[ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ] observed for a length of 10 m. What is the
9. The Los angels abrasion value (%) of ag- skid resistance of this pavement surface,
gregates to be used for the final layer of Bi- assuming gravitational acceleration to be 10
tuminous concrete is limited to: m/s2? [ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ]
(a) 25 (b) 30 (a) 0.50 (b) 0.60
(c) 40 (d) 50 (c) 0.70 (d) 0.80
[ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ] 15. In pavement design considerations, the maxi-

332
 mum width of the vehicle is usually fixed and dimensions take place abruptly shall be pro-
followed. The vehicle width affects all of the vided with X at the section where such
following except: changes occur, where X is :
(a) Width of the traffic lanes (a) Additional columns (b) Deep beams
(b) Shoulders (c) Expansion joints (d) Construction joints
(c) Parking facilities [ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ]
(d) Drainage layer ANSWER KEY
[ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ] 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d)
16. Which of the following is not a commonly 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (d)
8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (c)
adopted transition curve in horizontal align-
12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (a)
ment? [ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ] 15. (d) 16. (d) 17. ( a )
(a) Spiral (b) Cubic parabola 18.(d) 19. (c) 20.(c) 21.(c)
(c) Lemniscate (d) Sag
17. A two lane road having a horizontal radius of 1. (a) Dowel bar: Load transfer device across trans-
0.48 km is to be designed with a design apeed verse joint and they keep the two slab at same
height.
of 80 km/h. the super elevation for a mixed  Load transfer capacity of the dowel bar is assumed
traffic type will be to be 40% of the wheel load.
(a) 0.059 (b) 0.065  Spacing between dowel bars is kept at 30 cm.
(c) 0.070 (d) 0.075  Length between 40 cm to 73 cm, nearly 60 cm.
 Diameter of bar varies between 20 mm to 30
[ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ] mm.
18. Super elevation is used to counter all of the Metal cap partly
filled with cotton
following except Filler Sealer
(a) Overturning of vehicles Steel dowel Approx
7.5 cm
bar
(b) The effect of centrifugal force
22 cm 30 cm
(c) Skid Approx
2.5 cm
(d) Acceleration of vehicles Expansion joint with Dowel Bar
[ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ]  Mild steel round bars are bonded at one end but
19. A road is so designed that the stopping sight the other side is kept free.
distance is 92 m. the intermediate sight dis-  Stresses in dowel bar are given by Bradbury
Analysis.
tance (m) will be: • Dowel bars are not provided for slab thickness
(a) 92 (b) 138 less than 150 mm.
(c) 184 (d) 230 • Max load transferred through dowel bar is 40%
[ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ] of max axle load.
• Dowel bars are effective in load transfer upto a
20. The width (m) of two lanes without raised distance of 1.8 (radius of relative stifness).
kerbs as recommended by the Indian roads
Congress is : 5. (c) Temperature is 600 C
(a) 6.0 (b) 6.5 Marshall Mix design specification
(c) 7.0 (d) 7.5
Test property Value
[ UPRVUNL AE 2016 ]
Stability 340 kg
21. Structures in which marked changes in plan
333
 Flow value 8 – 16 units
R = 0.48 km = 480m
Percentage air voids 3-5
(0.75V )2  0.75  22.222 
2

VFB 75–85 e   0.099

gR 9.81 480
8. (c) Soundness test: It gives resistance of aggre-
18. (d) Super-elevation: Also called Cant/Banking.
gate to weathering action (Durability)
It is the rising of the outer edge of the road wrt inner
 Aggregates of specified size are subjected
edge in order to counteract the effect of centrifugal
to cycle of alternate wetting in a saturated
force is called Super elevation.
solution of sodium sulphate/magnesium
sulphate for 16–18 hours & then dried in oven
at temperature 105–110°C to a constant 19. (c) Sight Distance: It is the distance from which
weight. After 5 cycles, loss in weight is any types of obstruction on the road length could
determined by seiving out under sized be visible to the driver from some distance ahead.
particles. Head Light
Stopping Sight Distance Intermediate Overtaking Sight
 Loss in weight should be less than 12% when Absolute minimum Sight
Distance
Distance
(OSD)
Sight
Distance
SSD
sodium sulphate & 18% when magnesium ISD = 2×SSD

sulphate is used. So, ISD = 2 × 92 = 184 m

9. (b) 20. (c) Width of Carriage way: It is decided on the
Test for Road Aggregate
Machine Base Course Surface Course basis of capacity which depend on width of the
1. Aggregate abrasion Los Angeles > 50% >30% traffic lane and number of lanes.
Abrasion Test
IRC Specification for Carriage way Width (m)
2. Aggregate crushing UTH > 45% >30%
value Single lane 3.75
3. Aggregate Impact Impact Testing > 35% (for Bitumen >30% Two lane, no kerbs 7.0
value Machine road)
& >40% (for WBM) Two lane, raised kerbs 7.5
Intermediate carriage 5.5
Multi-lane 3.5
10. (c) Modulus of sub-grade reaction (K) per lane
Cement concrete pavement rests on soil foundation
which can be treated as a spring having a spring constant 1. On urban roads, the surface water is laid on
K.
either side of pavement into:-
p (UP Jal Nigam AE 2016)
K = kg/cm3
0.125 (a) Catch pit (b) Cross drain
As per IRC, K75 cm  0.4 K30 cm (c) Culvert (d) Pot hole
Here p = pressure in plate bearing test (kg/cm2)
2. The method of design of rigid pavement is :-
corresponding to 1.25 mm settlement.
(UP Jal Nigam AE 2016)
VSF  K J 100  75
12. (b) qmax   (a) Group index method
4 4
(b) CBR method/CBR
qmax 1875 (c) Westergards' method
13. (b) (d) Benkle-man beam method
(a) Average Daily Traffic (ADT): It count the
3. The standard length of rail for Broad Gauge
number of vehicles passing a point for a period
of ‘D’ days and then divide it by ‘D’ here D is and Metre Gauge are respectively :-
the no. of days greater than 7 and less than (UP Jal Nigam AE 2016)
365. It includes Weekend Variations also. (a) 12 m and 12 m (b) 12 m and 13 m
(b) Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): It
count the number of vehicles, passing a point (c) 13 m and 12 m (d) None of the above
for a year than divide it by 365. It also includes 4. Select the incorrect statement.
seasonal variations. (UP Jal Nigam AE 2016)
17.(a) V= 80 km/hour = 22.22 m/sec

334
 (a) Contraction Joins are spaced closer than gregates used for concrete other than war-
expansion joints ing surface is ......
(b) Longitudinal joints are provided in cement (a) 10%
concrete roads to prevent longitudinal (b) 45%
cracking (c) There is no recognized limits have been laid
(c) Dowel bars are provided in longitudinal down for crushing value
joints (d) 25%
(d) Warping joints are provided to relieve [UPPCL AE TRAINEE 2019]
stresses induced due to warping 3. What is the death rate for 6.72×10-6 regis-
ANSWER KEY tered motor vehicles in which 3114 accidents
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) happened in that town ?
(a) 5.26 per vehicle km
1. (a) Both road gullies & catchpits are the two ba-
(b) 4.63 per vehicle km
sic types of drainage inlets of drainage system.
Catchpits are designed to receive stormwater from (c) 3.81 per vehicle km
slopes & stream courses. There is no standard (d) 6.31 per vehicle km
design of catchpits & they can take different [UPPCL AE TRAINEE 2019]
forms & shapes such as inclusion of sand trap to 4. To get the desired wind coverage and to find
improve the quality of collected stormwater & to the orientation of runway, the application of
prevent the blockage of drains.
........ diagram is used.
Road gullies are intended to receive stormwater from
(a) Dynamic wiring
roads only.
3. (c) Sleeper density: No. of sleepers per rail length (b) Wind cycle
It is N + x (c) Aerodynamic spin
where N = rail lengh (13 for BG) (d) Wind Rose
x = varies b/w 3 to 7
[UPPCL AE TRAINEE 2019]
For BG sleeper density is N + 5 (18 sleepers/rail)
5. Optimum cycle length as per Webster's
4. (c) Dowel bar: Load transfer device across trans-
verse joint and they keep the two slab at same method of signal design is :
height. L5
(a) c0  (b) c 0 
1Y
 Load transfer capacity of the dowel bar is assumed
1.5L  5 1.5L  5
to be 40% of the wheel load.
 Spacing between dowel bars is kept at 30 cm. L  2Y 1.5L  5
(c) c 0  (d) c 0 
 Length between 40 cm to 73 cm, nearly 60 cm. 1.5L  5 1Y
 Diameter of bar varies between 20 mm to 30 [UPPCL AE TRAINEE 2019]
mm.
6. In the analysis of stresses in flexible pave-
1. The maximum super elevation in Indian rail-
ments layers, the expression for vertical
ways for broad gauge group A is -
deflection at the center of a flexibel plate on
(a) 16.5 cm (b) 19.5 cm
the surface in homogeneous mass is given
(c) 7.6 cm (d) 10 cm
by  = .............Take poissons ratio of homo-
[UPPCL AE TRAINEE 2019]
geneous soil as 0.5.
2. As per IS 383, code of specifications, the de-
pa
sirable limit for crushing value of coarse ag- (a) , Where p  uniform pressure , a =
Es

335
 radius of circular load (c) 67.96 m (d) 43.96 m
1.5 pa [UPPCL AE TRAINEE 2019]
(b) Where, p  uniform pressure, a = ra-
Es 10. How many levels of service is defined by
dius of circular load Highway Capacity Manual ?
(a) 8 (b) 6
1.5 p
(c) Where, p  uniform pressure, a = ra- (c) 3 (d) 5
a* Es
dius of circular load
[UPPCL AE TRAINEE 2019]
11. CBR method of flexible pavement design is
(d) 1.5 pa Es Where, p = uniform pressure,
based on the concept that the Total thickness
a = radius of circular load
of flexible pavement required depends
[UPPCL AE TRAINEE 2019]
on........
7. Which of the following is an INCORRECT
A. CBR value of soil subgrade over which
statement with respect to the characteristice
the pavement is to be laid
and design factors of rigid and flexible pave-
B. The magnitude of wheel load or inten-
ments?
sity of loads expected
(a) The lower layers of the flexible pavements
(a) Only B (b) Neither A nor B
face lesser magnitudes of stresses when compared
(c) Only A (d) Both A and B
to the pavement surface directly under the wheel
[UPPCL AE TRAINEE 2019]
load.
12. In an highway alignment, the radius of hori-
(b) The flexibel pavement layers may reflect the
zontal circular curve is 120 m, the design
non-recoverable as well as recoverable deforma-
speed is 50 kmph, calculate the coefficient of
tions of the lower layers including the subgrade on
friction needed if no super elevation is pro-
to the upper layers and also pavement surface.
vided
(c) Rigid pavements does not get deformed to
(a) 0.197 (b) 0.164
the shape of supporting layer below it.
(c) 0.181 (d) 0.124
(d) The stress is rigid pavements are analyzed
[UPPCL AE TRAINEE 2019]
using plastic theory, assuming the pavements is
13. The specific gravity of pure bitumen is in the
resting over a rigid surface
range of :
[UPPCL AE TRAINEE 2019]
(a) 1.20-1.24 (b) 1.65-1.75
8. In the design of rigid pavements, the width
(c) 0.80-40.89 (d) 0.97-1.02
of the slabs normally kept in the range of :
[UPPCL AE TRAINEE 2019]
(a) 2-2.25 m (b) 4-4.25 m
Answer key
(c) 2.75-3.0m (d) 3.5-3.75 m 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d)
[UPPCL AE TRAINEE 2019] 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (d)
9. Calculate the braking distance travelled by a 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (d)
vehicle on a level road stretch for design 12. (b) 13. (d)
speed of 72 kmph. Take coefficient of fric- 1. (a)
Track Speed< 120 kmph > 120 kmph
tion as 0.3 and reaction time of driver as 2.5
BG 16.5cm 18.5 cm
seconds. MG 10 cm
(a) 117.96 m (b) 137.96 m NG 7.6 cm

336
3. (b )No. of registered motor vehicles = 6.72 × 106  The flexible pavement, layers reflect the deformation
No. of Accidents = 3114
3114  10000
R  4.63/ Vehicle Km
6.72  106
4. (d) Wind Coverage: The percentage of time in
a year during which cross wind component is within
the permissible limits. (As above).
Wind rose diagram: It is the graphical
representation of direction duration & intensity of wind.
It is used for orientation of runway.
 The wind data of direction measured with true
north as reference, duration and Intensity should
be collected from the wind Rose diagram over
atleast 5 years & preferably 10 years is needed
for airport designing.
 Best direction of runway is usually along the
direction of longest line on wind rose Diagram.
5. (d) Webster Method: It is the most rational de-
sign method.
1.5L+5
Optimum cycle time (Sec): C0 = 1  Y
of the lower layer.
 Major Pavement failure as per IRC is fatigue,
cracking & rutting for flexible pavement but in Rigid
pavement, it is fatigue, cracking & Pumping.
 Bituminous concrete is one of the best flexible layer
materials.
 In rigid pavement (concrete slab) strength depends
on its flexural strength or beam action of the slab
for withstanding the wheel load.
 The critical conditions of stress in rigid pavement is
the maximum flexural stress occurring in the slab
due to wheel load & the temperature changes but in
flexible pavement, it is distribution of compressive
stress.
 A semi-rigid pavement derives its strength both by
load spreading & flexural action.
V2
9. (c) Braking distance =
2gf
20  20
  67.96 m
2  9.81  0.3

10. (b) Capacity is the quantitative measure but level

of service (LOS) is the qualitative measure of ser-
L = ntL + R R = All red time, tL = Start up loss
vice. There are six level of services from free flow
time, n = No. of phase
(A) to forced Flow (F).
n
q
Y=  Si , Si = Saturation flow for that phase 12. (b) ef 
V2
i 1 i
127R
6. (b)
(50)2
Displacement relationship 0f 
127 120

for Flexible plate for Rigid plate

f  0.164
pa pa
  1.5 .F2   1.18 .F2 1. The allowable rate of change of centrifugal
ES ES
acceleration for a highway with a design
 = Design deflection speed value of 70 km/hr is ___________
ES = Modulus of elasticity of soil subgrade
(Haryana AE 2020)
a = Radius of contact area.
p = Contact pressure at road surface (a) 0.55 (b) 0.81

ES (c) 0.50 (d) 0.67

h
F2 =Deflection factor depends on E and ;
P a 2. The theoretical capacity of a one-way traf-
h = Depth of layer 1 fic lane with a stream speed of 50 kmph ,
7. (d) Load carrying capacity of flexible pave- when the average vehicle length and reac-
ment is derived from Load distribution property & tion time are 5.5 m and 0.7 sec , respectivly,
not from its flexural/Bending strength. is ___veh/hr/lane (Haryana AE 2020)

337
 (a) 3283 (b) 4356 curve is __________ (Haryana AE 2020)
(c) 4467 (d) 3467 (a) 3.43% (b) 1.07%
3.The duration of time that elapses between the (c) 6.12% (d) 5.43%
start of consecutive green periods for an 8. The danger of lateral skidding occurs when
approach at an intersection is called as the centrifugal ratio attains a value equal to
(Haryana AE 2020) the coefficient of _____ (Haryana AE 2020)
(a) Green time (b) Cycle length (a) longitudinal friction
(c) Phase length (d) Clearance time (b) acceleration due to gravity
(c) lateral friction
4. On a rail alignment, a transition curve is to
be provided to join the end of a 3.95 curve (d) super elevation
with the straight. The length of the transi- 9. The switch lead for a Broad Gauge turnout
tion curve is 150m. The offset of the curve of crossing number 1 in 8 with a heel diver-
at a distance of 60cm from the commence- gence as 11.43 cm is ______ mm
ment of curve is _________cm
(Haryana AE 2020)
(Haryana AE 2020)
(a) 7656 (b) 7479
(a) 8.88 (b) 23.17
(c) 7056 (d) 7498
(c) 68.65 (d) 55.15
10. What is the width of actual expansion gap
5. The designing variables for traffic rotaries to be provided for a rail of 12.80 m length
are parameters of __ (Haryana AE 2020) if the maximum rail temperature expected
(a) weaving section (b) central island is 75° and the temperature at the time of
(c) exit road (d) approach road linking is 43°,  = 1.2 × 10–5/°C
(Haryana AE 2020)
6. Consider the following statements and
(a) 4 mm (b) 5 mm
choose the right option ;
(c) 6 mm (d) 7 mm
P : H-shaped piles cause large displacement of
soil compared to hollow steel pipe piles dur- 11. The equilibrium superelevation to be pro-
ing installation (Assume identical site con- vided to maintain equal pressure on inner
dition and both the piles have equal aver- and outer wheels of a vehicle at a curve of
age size) radius 150 m and a speed of 55 kmph is (as-
sume f = 0.150 and h = 0.15 m)
Q : The base resistance of timber piles is nor-
mally insignificant and neglected in practice. (Haryana AE 2020)

(Haryana AE 2020) (a) 0 (b) 0.158

(a) P - FALSE & Q - TRUE (c) 0.008 (d) 0.150

(b) P - FALSE & Q - FALSE ANSWER KEY

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d)
(c) P - TRUE & Q - TRUE
5. (a) 6. (a) 7. ( d )
(d) P - TRUE & Q - FALSE 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11.
7. On a hill road with a ruling gradient of 6.5% (b)
a horizontal curve of radius to be
provided.The compensated gradient the 1. (a) Rate of change of centrifugal acceleration
(driver’s comfort criteria)

338
 70 30  R 75
C= , V  km/hr, 0.5  C  0.8, C  m/ 7. (d) Grade compactation = % %
75+V R R
sec 3
30  R 30  70 100
70    1.428
C  0.48 R 70 70
75  70
2. (a) Space Headway, S = 75 75
Maximum limit =   1.071%
 5 R 10
0.7  50    5.5  15.22
 18 
Compenanted grade = 6.5 – 1.071 = 5.43%
Theoretical capacity =
8. (c) Skidding: When longitudinal movement on
3
50  10 m / hr road is more than wheels revolution.
 3284 veh / hr
15.222 m / vech Lateral coefficient of the friction f = 0.15 &
lateral friction is useful in horizontal curve
3. (b) design.
 Total lost time is a combination of 9. (b) Expansion gap = L × T = 12.80 (1.2 × 10–5)
(a) Start-up lost time, (b) Clearance lost time. × (75° – 43°)
 There are two types of Interval = 4.99 × 10–3 m = 5 mm
(a) Change Interval, (b) Clearance Interval.
 Effective Green time is the actual time available for V2 (55)2
11. (b) eeqm    0.158
vehicle to cross the Intersection. 127R 127  150
4. (a)

Exit
radius
Entry Radius of the
h

central island
gt

radius
len

Weaving width
ng
vi
ea
W

Entry Circulation
width width

Exit
width Give way
line
Radius of
the inscribed
circle
Approach
width
Design of Rotary

Width of weaving section. The Weaving lengths

determines the ease with which the vehicles can
manoeuvre through the weaving section and
Hence, determines the capacity of the rotary.
e e
Wweaving= 1 2  3.5
2
e1 = entry width (m)
e2 = exit width (m)

339