L-3/T-2/ME Date: 06/04/2019

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA

L-3/T-II B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2017-2018
Sub: ME 323 (Fluids Mechanics-II)
Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) The wave front emitted by a point source (for example projectile, rocket etc.) when
travelling with speed Vs in a still fluid is shown in Fig. for Q. I(a). The source location, S
for different equal time intervals (~t) is also identified in the figure.
(i) Show the propagation of wave fronts at all the source locations.
(ii) Does the source influence the entire flow field? If not, identify the different zones in
the flow field.
(iii) Reconstruct the wave front in case of point source moving at positive (+ve) angle
with x-axis.
Note that a is the magnitude of acoustic speed at local condition. (12)
--~-------- -- ------------.

S; I = ~I S; I = 3~1

S; I = 2~1
x

Fig. for Q. I(a)

(b) Gaseous fluids are compressible but there is a frequent argument that - UNot all gas
flows are compressible flows". How will you resolve this argument? Justify in brief. (6)
(c) Derive an expression to theoretically predict the local Mach number with respect to
expansion ratio (6) for isentropic flow of compressible fluid through a variable area
passage. Simplify this expression for the case of air flow (k = 1.4). (17)
What are the possible Mach numbers at a section where the expansion ratio is 2.2?

2. (a) Explain the choking phenomena in context to compressible flow through a converging
nozzle.
Accordingly determine the maximum mass flow rate of air which can be discharged from
the converging nozzle. (15)
(b) An air cartridge is used to propel a small rocket cart. Compressed air, stored at a
pressure of 41.2 MPa (abs) and a temperature of 20°C is expanded through a smoothly
contoured converging nozzle with a throat area of 0.13 cm2• Assume that the cartridge is
well insulated and that the pressure sun'ounding the cartridge is 101 kPa (abs). For the

Contd P/2
 =2=

ME 323
Contd. to Q. 2(b)

throat area =

-
0.13 em'

.. -1
I
,
I

I.
(.
, .,' Fig. for Q. 2(b) i
I '.\
I

(c) Draw the typical distribution of pressure and Mach number along the length of a

converging-diverging nozzle in cases of

(i) overexpansion
(8)
(ii) underexpansion.

3. (a) During the optical visualization of a supersonic flow, the following schlieren image
has been obtained as shown in Fig. for Q. 3(a). The schlieren image shows the presence

of a strong normal shock wave in the flow field.

Theoretically model this phenomena and show that the ratio of total pressure across the
shock wave can be predicted using the concept of entropy according to the following

formula:
P __
02
(82;81)
---e
POI
(20)
where the symbols have their usual meaning.

! Flow
I )

.,I Fig. for Q.3(a)

Contd P/3
 =3=

ME 323
Contd. to Q. 3

(b) A converging-diverging nozzle is feeding air from a large container in which the
pressure is 0.8 MPa as shown in Fig. for Q. 3(b). The back pressure is kept constant at 0.1
MPa. At a particular off-design operation, a normal shock wave appears with M] = 2.4. If
the throat area is 1.0 m2, determine-
(i) Sectional area of the nozzle where this shock wave appears.
(ii) Mach number and static pressure downstream of the shock.
(iii) % loss of total pressure.

(iv) Mach number at the nozzle exit. (15)

----\
shock I I
Large I
Container :I ",~
p,,= O.8MPa
A* I
'. ')
exIl,_. 8 111
2

Fig. for Q. 3(b)

4. (a) A large tank of volume, V contains a compressed air whose pressure was initially (t =

0) at po,O. The tank is to be depressurized using a converging nozzle with exit area of Ae.
Assume that the back pressure, Pb is remained constant and Po,O » Pb. In this process, the
pressure inside the tank will decrease with time, t. Model this unsteady process and show
that the critical time (until the nozzle is choked) can be determined from the following

equation: (10)

• V (NPR)
t ",1.745--ln __ 0
aoAe 1.893
Where ao is the frozen speed of sound and NPRo is the initial nozzle pressure ratio

(PO,r/Pb)'
For simplicity of the model, neglect the change of thermal condition inside the tank
during the process.
(b) The diameter, D, of fluid droplets produced by a liquid spray nozzle is known to be a
function of the nozzle diameter (d), the liquid velocity at the nozzle exit (V), imd the fluid
properties such as density (p), viscosity (j.J), and surface tension (a). Using Buckingham

ll-theorem, determine the ll-groups to characterize this phenomena. (15)

(c) A 1:60 model of a boat has a wave resistance of 0.36 N when operating at 125 mls.
Find the corresponding prototype wave resistance. Find also the power required for the

prototype and the model. (10)

Contd P/4
 =4=

ME 323
SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section ..Answer any THREE.
Assume reasonable value for missing data. Moody diagram will be supplied

5. (a) Explain the necessity of pressure gradient for pipe flow. Derive an expression of mean
velocity for laminar flow through annular space. (18)
(b) A certain lubricating oil is flowing through a pipe of 25 mm diameter as shown in Fig.

for Q. No. 5(b). The viscosity of oil is 0.15 Ns and its density is 910 kg/m3. Find (i) The
m2

flow rate of oil and the direction of flow. The total length of the pipe is 25 m. (ii)

determine the Reynolds no. and justify your answer. (17)

6. (a) What is equivalent pipe and why is it useful for head loss calculation in a piping

system? Derive an expression for the head loss due to sudden expansion of a pipe. (17)
(b) Water is flowing from a reservoir at the rate of 40 lIs through a 1000 m long and 150
mm diameter commercial steel pipe into the chamber B where the pressure is 45 kPa as
shown in Fig. for Q. No. 6(b). Find the pressure PI. The kinematic viscosity of water is
1.02 x 10,6 m2/s. (18)

7. (a) Explain the physical significance of Chezy coefficient in relation to open channel

flow. (5)
(b) Differentiate between hydraulic jump and standing wave. For hydraulic jump derive
an expression showing the relation between conjugate depths and hence determine the
loss of hydraulic jump in terms of the conjugate depths. (15)
(c) A trapezoidal channel is to be excavated with minimum cost. The flow rate of water is
24 mJ/s and the bed slope is I:2000. Find the dimensions of the channel. Take Manning's
coefficient, N = 0.019. (15)

8. (a) State and explain the momentum thickness and its importance related to boundary

layer theory. (7)

(b) Obtain the expressions for boundary layer thickness, energy thickness, drag force on
both sides of a plate and co-efficient of drag in terms of Reynolds number for the velocity

profile of turbulent boundary layer ~ = ( i .

)
1/7

Given that the wall shear stress 'til' =O.0225pU2 C~)14 . Here the symbols have their

usual meanings. (18)

(c) A jet plane of weight 29500 N and wing area of 22 m2 flies at a velocity of 260 kmIhr.
The engine delivers 7360 kW and to overcome the drag 65% of power is required. Find

the coefficients of lift and drag for the plane. The air density is 1.2 kg/m3• (10)
• -----~=sc::=~----------

--1
P =215kPa 17m
B

-~-------
I
PA=550 kPa

Air

,-
3m
P1

\
6m
Water

B
L -'~ ."~. ------
..
, .

0.1
0.09
I 1.1

I
-,
Laminar flow I = ~
1-1
.
. 'i'UI.
I , ,
ransltlOn
- .', '.' .. '.
,

'.
- ."" ,"' .. .. ,

'111m
I III

0.08 Lamina~riii;:: . zone ~Complele lurbulCnce;.'rough pipes ..

flow lOne
I I
,_t.. ••.• '.' ." '. '.
0.05
0.07
'-, . .' .
' . ',' , . .. ..
0..04
.. .I',
0.06
."
,.. '.,,' . .. .. ..
0..03

0.05 0..01
.. ,..
.. 0.0\5
..
.... il
004
"

, . ill ...... .-, .. 0.01

:'1" ~Rc~ rw ..
K'.
.••..
'.
..

..
.., ~.
. -
.. .. ..
0.008 ~I.:)
0..006 !C
c
~
1 ~l~
~11 0.03 .. ..
-- 0.004 ~

II
e
.'~'
~ .. '

.. .'!!
-'" 0.015 0.002 ~
\I c
.2 .. . . '"
~ .
~
.
.::
0.01 .•••••
"
.. 0.001 <
V;
II _ ..~ :,,-. .".. .. 0.0003 n
., I 9
10'
2 (I0l) J 4 \ 6 I 9
10'
1(10') J 4 \ 6
".
.. . '.,
o.

.. ..
= 0.0006 o
C
1----'
mm
XI-.: 0.0004 .'"
Riveled sleet
f.
0.9.9. oM .. . - ... :'";j
0..0001
Concrete 0.3.3. ..- '"
Wood slave
Casl iron
0.18.0.9
0.15
...
~.. -~,
6.0001 8
Galvanized Iron
Asphafled casl iron
0.15
0.11 .S" ooth pipes'
~:
.. 0000.05
0.01 :.. .. 0.000,001
Commercial sleel or .. ..
rI
.
wrought iron 0.046 0.009 ....l.J0.Ooo.OOS
Drawn tubing 0.0015 ~ <....l I I 0.000.01
O.008.
/ 9 \ 1(10)
, J 4 \ 6 / 9 2110) J • S 6 / 9 1(10 I
I
J 4 \" 1 9
. 10 10" 10/ 10'
Reynolds number R = Vp . consislent unils
. Figure 5.32 Moody diagram .
•
L-3rr-2/ME Date: 10/04/2019
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3/T -2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2017 -2018
Sub: HUM 203 (Government)
Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) Define state. Analyze the differences between society and state. (15)
(b) What is constitution? Discuss different types of constitution with examples. (20)

2. (a) Discuss the importance of opposition party in parliamentary democracy. (15)

(b) Explain various types of rights of a citizen in a state. (20)

3. (a) Discuss the main features of constitution of Bangladesh. Briefly discuss the 13th and
14th amendments of the constitution of Bangladesh: (15)
(b) What is foreign policy? Discuss the main objectives of the foreign policy of.
Bangladesh. (20)

4. Write short notes on any three (3) of the following: (35)

(a) Popular Sovereignty (b) Bicameral Legislature
(c) Socialism (d) Independence of Judiciary.

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
,

5. (a) Define bureaucracy. Discuss the features of Mox Weber's Ideal Type of Bureaucracy. (15)
(b) What do you know about worldwide governance indicators (WGI)? Compare the
quality of governance in South Asian countries using worldwide governance indicators. (20)

6. (a) Define democracy. Discuss the principles of democracy. (15)

(b) Discuss the differenc~s between democracy and dictatorship. (20)

7. (a) What is local government? Discuss the role of local government of Bangladesh.
Identify the problems local government is facing in performing its role. (15)
(b) What is United Nations Organization (UNO)? Discuss the main organs of UNO. (20)

8. Write short notes on any three of the following: (35)

(a) Language movement of 1952 (b) Good governance
(c) Political party (d) Pressure group

•
---.-.------------------------------------
.' .
~. 10F

L-3ff -2/ME Date: 10/04/2019

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3!T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2017-2018

Sub: HUM 201 (Sociology)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours

USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
The figures in the margin indicate full marks

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) Explain the underlying factors for developing sociology as an independent

discipline. (10)
(b) 'Sociology is a categorical discipline not a normative discipline'- Explain. (10)
(c) Discuss the functionalist theoretical perspective of sociology. (15)

2. (a) Define culture. Explain the role of culture as Normative system of a society. (10)
(b) 'Social structure of a group determines its culture' -Explain this with suitable
examples. (10)
(c) Make a comparison between culture and civilization. (15)

3. (a) What is social stratification? Discuss different types of social stratification with
examples. (15)
(b) 'The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggle'-
explain this statement on the basis of Karl Marx's view of social stratification. (20)

4. (a) Identify the socio-cultural effects of globalization on a developing country like

Bangladesh. (10)
(b) Do the mass media have the power to shape public opinion? (10)
(c) What socio-economic strategies are appropriate for reducing poverty and social
exclusion from Bangladesh? (15)

SECTION - B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) What was industrial revolution? (5)

(b) With reference to Great Britain, identify some social problems resulted from
industrial revolution. '(15)
(c) Explain the socio-economic background of the development of capitalism In
Europe. (15)

Contd P/2
 =2=

HUM 201 (ME)

6. (a) What are the differences between crime and deviance? (10)

(b) Explain the functions of family as a social institution. (10)

(c) Illustrate the social factors associated with juvenile delinquency in society. (15)

7. (a) What do you mean by human migration? (5)

(b) Critically describe Everett S. Lee's theory of migration. (15)

(c) Describe the sustainable ways to reduce environmental pollution. (15)

8. Write short notes on any THRRE of the followings. (35)

(a) Natural hazard and Natural disaster.
(b) Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Gulf of Mexico, 2010.
(c) Tengratila gas field explosion, Sunamganj, Bangladesh, 2005.
(d) Bhopal Disaster, India, 1984.
 .
.~
..~

L-3rr-2/ME Date: 31/03/2019

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
II
; L-3/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2017-2018

Sub: ME 307 (Heat Transfer equipment Design)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours

USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
The figures in the margin indicate full marks

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Data table, key equations and charts are provided. Assume reasonable data, if required.

I. (a) Classify heat-exchangers. (10)

(b) A heat exchanger is to be designed to cool 10 kg/s of an engine oil from 370K to
310K with water entering the tube side at 300K at IS kg/so If Uo = 1000 w/m2°C,

estimate heat transfer area required for: (15)

(i) one shell pass and two tube pass STHX
(ii) CFHX, both fluid are unmixed
(iii) CFHX, one fluid unmixed.
(c) Write a short note on pinch method with an emphasis to waste heat recovery boiler. (10)

2. (a) Estimate the heat loss from a CFHX, if its tube bank consists of a square array of
144 tube arranged in an in-line position. The tubes have a diameter of 1.5 cm and
length of 1.0 m; the centre to centre tube spacing is 2.0 cm. The surface temperature of

the tube is maintained at 350 k, and air enters the CFHX at 300 K and Un =5 m/s. (20)
(b) Air-free saturated steam at 85°C condenses on the outer surface of 225 horizontal
tubes of 1.27-cm-OD arranged in a 15-by-15 array. Tube surfaces are maintained at

65°C. Calculate the rate of condensation per I -m length of tube bundle. (15)

3. (a) Mention some of the key characteristics of plate and flame heat exchanger (PFHX). (10)
(b) A PFHX is used to cool water using water available at 12.5°C and 0.012 m3/s. Hot
water enters the exchanger at 32.5°C at a flow rate of 0.012 m3/s. The heat exchanger
contains 27 plates, with a spacing of 5.08 mm. Plates are made of 1.016 mm thick
stainless steel sheet. The plate width is 381 mm and the plate height is 0.914 m. Rate
the heat exchanger. (25)

4. Design a STHX that will heat water from 30°C to 50°C using hot engine oil available
at 90°C. The flow rate of both fluids is 10 kg/so Specify the following information

about the heat exchanger. (35)

Contd P/2
,.,' ','

=2=

ME 307
Conld ... Q. NO.4

(i) Number of tube and shell passes

(ii) Diameter of the shell
(iii) Placement of the fluids
(iv) Tube dimension (BWG specification)
(v) Pitch of the tubes
(vi) Number of tubes
(vii) Length of the tubes
(viii) Outlet temperature of engine oil
(ix) Pressure drop of each fluid in the heat exchanger.

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
All the symbols have their usual meaning. Assume a reasonable data for any missing data .
••
5. (a) An air-conditioning system is to be designed for a residential building. The interior
of the building is to be maintained at a temperature of 22°C. The ambient temperature
can go as high as 38°C and the rate of heat dissipated in the house is given as 2.0 kW.
Assume that the location, geometry and dimensions of the building are given. Give the
formulation of the design problem in terms of fixed quantities, requirements,
constraints, and design variables. (8)
(b) The design of the cooling system for a personal computer requires a fan. Three
different manufacturers are willing to provide a fan with any given specifications. The
first one, Fan A, is at $54, payable immediately on delivery. The second one, Fan B,
requires two payments of $30 each at the end of the first and second years after
delivery. The last one, Fan C, requires a payment of $65 at the end of two years after
delivery. Since a large number of fans are to be purchased, the price is an important
consideration. Consider interest rate 10%. Which fan is the best buy? (20)
(c) Discuss about the commonly adopted steps for the thermo fluid system design. (7)

6. (a) Steam in a heating system flows through tubes whose outer diameter is Dj= 3 cm
and walls are maintained at a temperature of 120°C. Circular aluminum fins (k = 180
WIm°C) of outer diameter D2 = 6 cm and constant thickness t = 2 mm are attached to
the tube, as shown in Fig. for Q 6(a). The space between the fins is 3 mm, and thus
there are 200 fins per meter length of the tube. Heat is transferred to the surrounding air
at Ta = 25°C, with a combined heat transfer coefficient of h = 60 WIm2oC. Determine
the increase in heat transfer from the tube per meter of its length as a result of adding
fins. (20)
Contd P/3
, "
"

=3=

ME 307
Contd ... Q. No. 6(a)

(b) A person is found dead at 5 PM in a room whose temperature is 20°C. The

temperature of the body is measured to be 25°C when found, and the heat transfer
coefficient is estimated to be h = 8 W1m2• °C. Modeling the body as a 30-cm-diameter,
1.70-m-Iong cylinder, estimate the time of death of that person. (15)

Fig. for Q 6(b)

7. Design a DPHX to be used as an engine oil cooler. 120 kg/s of oil enters the annulus of
the heat exchanger at 102°C and leaves 65°C. The coolant to be used in city water
entering the tube side at 21°C with a flow rate of 65 kg/so Pressure drops is limited to
150 kPa. (35)

8. (a) Discuss about different models that may be developed to represent a thermal
system. (10)
(b) A mathematical model is to be developed to simulate a cylindrical resistive heater.
For a simple model, list the approximations, simplifications and idealizations you
would employ to obtain the model. Also derive the expression for temperature
distribution for the resistive heater. (15)
(c) Consider the cooling systems for an automobile and for a personal computer.
Suggest various materials that may be employed, discussing the differences between
the two applications. Narrow your choices to the best one or two candidates, giving
reasons for this selection. (10)

--------------------~------------------------
 = ~=
- ,-.... . ... : .•..

100

80

c
"
~
Q. 60
'i:
s::-'"
>.
u
Ii
'0
IE 40
."c
ti:

20

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

~ = (L + ~t).Jhlkt.

Fig.: Efficiency of circular fins of length L and constant thickness t

v/' •
i -s=
" ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design
rlOpl.'ill(lS cf 1111,11 1 aim pr?>~III('
Sl)«lIic Thermal Tllermal Dynamic Kinematic PJandlt
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Oillusivil)' ViKOSity Viscosity Number
r.
"C p, kgfm) c•••Jl1Ig-K k. Wfm.K Q. mJ/s p, kglm.$ ". m'fs
-150 4.158 x 10-' 10-6
'"
.,'
2.866 '63 0.01171 8.636 X 3.013 10-6
X 0.72<16
-100 2.038 0.01582 8.036 x 10-' 1.189 x 10- 5 5.837 10-6
X 0.7263
-50
-40
1.582
1.514
•••
1002
0.01979
0.02057
1.252 x 10-5
1.356 x 10-5
1.474 X 10-5
1.527 x 10-$
9.319
1.008
X
10-6
10-5
x
0.7440
0.7436
-30 1.451 1004 0,02134 1.465 x 10-s 1.579 x 10-5 l.oa7 X 10-s 0.7425
-20 .1.394 100' 0,02211 1.578 x 10-5 1.630 x 10-5 1.169)( 10-5 0.7408
-10 1.341 100' 0.02288 1.696)( 10-5 1.680 x 10-5 1.252 )( 10-5 0.7387
,
0 1.292
1.269
100'
100'
0,02364
0.02401
1.818 x 10-5
1.880 x 10-s
1.729 x 10-5
1.754 X 10-5
1.338 x 10-5
1.382 )( 10-s
0.7362
0.7350
10 1.246 100' 0.02439 1.944 )( 10-' 1.178)( 10-5 1.426 )( 10-' 0,7336
15 1.225 1007 0.02476 2.009 x 10-' 1.802 x 10-5 1.470 )( 10-' 0.7323
20 1.204 1007 0.02514 2.074 )( 10-' 1.825 x 10-' 1.516 x 10-' 0.7309
25 1.184 1007 0.02551 2.141 )( 10-' 1.849 x 10-' 1.562 x 10-' 0.7296
30 1.164 1007 0.02588 2.208 x IO-~ 1.872 x 10-' 1.608 x IO-~ 0.7282
35 Ll45 1007 0.02625 2.217 x 10-' 1.895 x IO-~ 1.655 x 10-~ 0.7268
'0 1.127 1007 0.02662 2.346 x 10-' 1.918 x 10-' 1.702 )( 10-~ 0.7255
45 1.109 1007 0.02699 2.416 x 10-' 1.941 x 10-5 1.750 )( 10-' 0.7241
50 1.092 1007 0.02735 2.487 )( 10-~ 1.963.x 10-' 1.798 x 10-' 0.7228
60 1.059 1007 0.02808 2.632 x 10-' 2.008 x 10-' 1.896 x IO-~ 0.7202
70 1.028 1007 0.02881 2.780)( 10-' 2.052 )( 10-' 1.995 x 10-' 0.7117
80 0.9994 1008 0.02953 2.931 x 10-' 2.096 x 10-5 2.097 )( 10-5 0.7154
.0 0.9718 1008 0.03024 3.086 x 1O-~ 2.139 )( 10-' 2.201 x 10-' 0.7132
100 0.9458 100. 0.03095 3.243 x 10-' 2.181 )( 10-5 2.306 x 10-' 0.7111
120 0.8977 1011 0.03235 3.565)( 10-' 2.264 X 10-5 2.522 x 10-' 0.7073
140 0.8542 1013 0.03374 3.898 x 10-5 2.345 X 10-5 2.745)( 10-5 0.7041
160 0.8148 1016 0.03511 4.241)( 10-' 2.420 x 10-' 2.975 x 10'" 0.7014
180 0.7788 1019 0.03646 4.593 x 10-' 2.504 x 10-~ 3.212 X 10-5 0.6992
200 0.7459 1023 0.03779 4.954 x 10-' 2.577 x 10-' 3.455 x IO-~ 0.6974
250 0.6746 1033 0.04104 5.890 x 10-~ 2.760 x 10-~ 4.091 x 10-' 0.6946
300 0.6158 1044 0.04418 6.871 x 10-5 2.934 x 10-' 4.765 )( 10-5 0.6935
350 0.5664 1056 0.04721 7.892 x 10-~ 3.101 X 10-5 5.475 x 10-' 0.6937
400 0.5243 106. 0.05015 8.951 x 10-5 3.261 x 10-' 6.219 x 10-5 0.6948
450 0.4880 1081 0.05298 1.004 x 10-' 3.415 X 10-5 6.997 )( 10-5 0.6965
500 0.4565 1093 0.05572 1.117 x 10-' 3.563 x 10-5 7.806 x 10-' 0.6986
600 0.4042 1115 0.06093 1.352 x 10-' 3.846 X 10-5 9.515 X 10-5 0.7037
700 0.3627 1135 0.06581 1.598)( 10-' 4.111 X 10-5 1.133 x 10-' 0.7092
800 0.3289 1153 0.07037 1.855 x 10-' . 4.362 x 10-' 1.326 )( 10-' 0,7149
900 0,3008 1169 0.07465 2,122 x 10-' 4.600 X 10-5 1.529 x 10-' 0.7206
1000 0.2772 1184 0.07868 2.398)( 10-' 4.826 X 10-5 1.741 x 10-' 0.7260
1500 0,1990 1234 0.09599 3,908 x 10-' 5.817 X 10.5 2.922 x 10-' 0.7478
2000 0.1553 1264 0.11113 5,664 )( 10-' 6.630 X 10-' 4.270 x 10-' 0.7539

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0.798 I( 10"
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,...
i!5.03 0.1611 234. '187 19~6 0.659 Oml6 0.133" 10-' 1.110 l( 10" 2.75 O.SoIS_IO.1
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lS •••• 0.318 x 10.1
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••••• 974.7 0,i!'21 2321 4193 0.667 I.I'~ _ 10'" 0.607 _ 10"

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80 '7.39 971.8 0,2935 '309 '197 1952 0.670 O.ol30 0.355 II( 10-1 I.tS91110" 2.~~ 0.653 x 10.1
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'296
'283
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'206
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0,679
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1.16 1.025 I( 10"
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110
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1.07
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1,280 It 10-1
200 t,5ue '~52 1941
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"'" ...,
2BO 6,111 7M).8 33.15 1835 0,581 O.Q9.lI11:
10" 0.8504 1.'9 2.380 x 10-1
'00 8.581 7IU '6.n "06 ",.
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1.965 II 10.' •. 902 1.69 2,950 II 10'1
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1.00 1.97
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]7',1' 22,090 317,0317.0
• 0,01] " 10" '.J:l II 10"

Dr. Md. Znhurul Haq

1
\~
,
1
,
. ,.
ME 307:
=CD ::

Heat Thansfer "Equipment Design

/ Sa,tltrated

T
(K)
p
Liquid!;

(kg/mJ)
e,
(kJ/kg' K)
IL" 10'
(N's/m')
v'lO'
(m'/s)
k'IO'
(W/m'K)
Q"101
(m'ls) Pr
JJ'IO'
(K-')

Engine 011 (Unused)

273 899.1 1.796 385 4280 147 0.910 47,000 0.70

280 895.3 1.827 217 2430 144 0.880 27,500 0.70
290 890.0 1.868 99.9 1120 145 0.872 12,900 0.70
300 884.1 1.909 48.6 550 145 0.859 6400 0.70
310 877.9 1.951 25.3 288 145 0.847 3400 0.70
320 871.8 1.993 14.1 161 143 0.823 1965 0.70
330 865.8 2.035 8.36 96.6 141 0.800 1205 0.70
340 859.9 2.076 5.31 61.7 139 0.719 793 0.70

350 853.9 2.118 3.56 41.7 138 0.763 546 0.70

360 847.8 2.161 2.52 29.7 138 0.753 395 0.70
370 841.8 2.206 1.86 22.0 137 0.738 300 0.70
380 836.0 2.250 1.41 . 16.9 136 0.723 233 0.70
390 830.6 2.294 1.10 13.3 135 0.709 187 0.70

400 825.\ 2.337 0.874 10.6 134 0.695 152 0.70

410 818.9 2.381 0.698 8.52 133 0.682 125 0.70
420 812.1 2.427 0.564 6.94 133 0.675 103 0.70
430 806.5 2.471 0.470 5.83 132 0.662 88 0.70

E'hylene Glyeo1IC,H,(OH),1

273 1130.8 2.294 6.51 57.6 242 0.933 617 0.65

280 1125.8 2.323 4.20 37.3 244 0.933 400 0.65
290 1118.8 2.368 2.47 22.1 248 0.936 236 0.65

300 1114.4 2.415 1.57 14.1 252 0.939 151 0.65

310 1103.7 2.460 1.07 9.65 255 0.939 103 0.65
320 1096.2 2.505 0.757 6.91 258 0.940 73.5 0.65
330 1089.5 2.549 0.561 5.15 260 0.936 55.0 0.65
340 1083.8 2.592 0.431 3.98 261 0.929 42.8 0.65

350 1079.0 2.631 0.342 3.17 261 0.917 34.6 0.65

360 1014.0 2.682 0.278 2.59 . 261 0.906 28.6 0.65
370 1066,1 .2,728 0,228 2,14 262 0,900 23,7 0,65
373 1058,S 2.742 0,215 2.03 263 0,906 22.4 0,65

Glycerin ICJH,{OH)Ji

273 1276,0 2,261 1060 8310 282 0,971 85,000 0.41

280 1271.9 2,298 534 4200 284 0,972 43,200 0.47
290 1265,8 2.367 185 1460 . 286 0,955 15,300 0.48
300 1259.9 2.427 19,9 634 286 0,935 6780 0.48
310 1253.9 2.490 .35,2 281 286 0,916 3060 0,49
320 1241.2 2,564 21.0 168 287 0,897 1870 0.50

Refrlgerant-IJ48 {C,H,F J
230 1426.8 1.249 0.04912 0.3443 112,1 0.629 5,5 2.02
240 1397,1 1.261 0.04202 0.3006 107.3 0.606 5.0 2.11
250 1361,9 1.287 0.03633 0.2656 102,5 0.583 4,6 2.23
260 1331.1 1.308 0.03166 0,2368 97,9 0,560 4,2 2.36
270 1305.1 1.333 0.02775 0.2127 93,4 0.531 4,0 2.53
280 1211.8 1.361 0.02443 0,1921 89,0 0,514 3,1 2.73
290 1236.8 1.393 0,02156 0,1744 84,6 0,491 3,5 2,98
300 1199,7 1.432 0,01905 0.1 588 80,3 0,468 3.4 3.30
310 1159,9 1.481 0,01680 0.1449 76.1 0,443 3.3 3.73
320 1116,8 1.543 0,01478 0.1323 11.8 0.417 3.2 4,33
330 1069,1 1.627 0.01292 0,1209 67,5 0.388 3.1 5.19
340 1015.0 1.751 0.01118 0,1102 63,1 0.355 3.1 6,51
350 951.3 1.961 0.00951 0,1000 58,6 0.314 3,2 9.10
360 870,1 2,437 0,00781 0,0898 54,1 0,255 3,5 15.39
310 740,3 5.105 0.00580 0.0783 51.8 0,137 5,1 55.24

Dr. Md, Zahurul Haq 2

.~.,
 }J
, = 1-=
'v
, ,
( ME 307: Heat Tfansfer Equipnlcnt Design

6
If
j_. -_.
~.",-~-" -"'-.--
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandll
Conductivity Oiffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
Temp. Density Heat
k. W/m.K 0, m2/s 1-&-.kglm'5 II, m1/s Pr
T, "C p. kglm3 cD' J/kg.K
Carbon Dioxide. CO?

-50 2.4035 746 0.01051 5.860 x 10-' 1.129 x 10-5 4.699 X 10-6 0.8019
811 0.01456 9.141 x 10-6 1.375 x 10-' 7.003 X 10-6 0.7661
0 1.9635
50 1.6597 866,6 0.01858 1.291 x 10-' },612 X 10-5 . 9.714 X 10-6 0.7520
1.4373 914.8 0.02257 1.716 x to-5 1.841 x 1O-s 1.281 x 10-5 0.7464
100
957.4 0.02652 2.186 x 10-5 2.063 x 10-5 1.627 x 10-5 0.7445
150 1.2675
1.1336 995.2 0.03044 2.698 x 10-' 2.276 x 10.5 2.008 x 10.5 0.7442
200
0.9358 1060 0:03814 3.847 x 10-5 2.682 x 10-5 2.866 x 10-5 0.7450
300
1112 0.04565 5.151 x 10.5 3.061 x 10.5 3.842 x 10-5 0.7458
400 0.7968
1156 0,05293 6.600 x 10-5 3.416 X 1O-!l 4.924 x 10-5 0.7460
500 0,6937
0.4213 1292 0.08491 1.560 x 10-" 4.898 x 10-' 1.162)( 10-" 0,7455
1000
0.3025 1356 0.10688 2.606 x 10-' 6.106 x 10-' 2.019)( 10-" 0.7745
1500
0.2359 1387 0.11522 3.521 x 10." 7.322 )( 10-5 3.103 x 10-. 0.8815
2000
Carbon Monoxide. CO

-50 1.5297 1081 0.01901 1.149 x 10.5 1.378 x 10-' 9.012 X 10-6 0.7840
0 1.2497 1048 0,02278 1.739 x 10-' 1.629 x 10.5 1.303 x 10-' 0,7499
1.0563 1039 0.02641 2,407 )( 10-!> 1.863 )( 1O-!! 1. 764 )( 10-!> 0.7328
50
0.9148 1041 0.02992 3.142 )( 10-!! 2.080 x 1O-~ 2.274 X 1O-!! 0.7239
100
0.8067 1049 0,03330 3.936 x 10-~ 2.283. x 10-' 2.830 x 10-' 0.7191
150
0.7214 1060 0.03656 4.782 )( 10-!! 2;472 x 10-5 3.426 X 10-5 0.7164
200
1085 0.04277 6.619 x 10-!! 2.812 X 10-5 4.722 X 10-5 0.7134
300 0,5956
400 0.5071 1111 0.04860 8.628 x 10-5 3.111 x 10-' 6.136 x 10-' 0.7111
500 0,4415 1135 0.05412 1.079 x 10-4 3.379 X 10-!! 7.653 x 10-5 0.7087
0.2681 1226 0.07894 2.401 x 10-4 4.557 x 10-' 1.700 x 10-4 0.7080
1000
0,1925 1279 0.10458 4.246 x 10-4 6.321 X 10-!! 3.284 x 10-4 0.7733
1500
0.1502 1309 0.13833 7,034 x 10-' 9.826 x 10-' 6.643 x 10-' 0.9302
2000
Methane, eH.

-50 0.8761 2243 0.02367 1.204 x 10-5 8.564 X 10-6 9.774)( 10-6 0.8116
0,7158 2217 0.03042 1.917 x 10-5 1.028 X 10-5 1.436 X 10-!! 0.7494
0
50 0.6050 2302 0.03766 2.704 x 10-5 1.191 x 10-' 1.969 X 10-5 0.7282
100 0.5240 2443 0.04534 3.543 x 1O-!! 1.345 X 10-5 2.567 X 1O-!! 0.7247
150 0.4620 2611 0,05344 4.431 x 10-' 1.491 X 10-!! 3.227 X 10-!! 0.7284
200 0,4132 2791 0.06194 5.370 x 10-5 1.630 x 10-' 3.944 X 10-5 0,7344
0.3411 3158 0.07996 7.422 x 10-!! 1.886 X 10-5 5.529 )( }O-5 0,7450
300
400 0,2904 3510 0,09918 9.727 x 10-' 2.119 x 10-' 7.297 x 10-' 0.7501
500 0.2529 3836 0.11933 1.230 x 10-4 2.334 X 10-5 9.228 X 10-!! 0,7502
1000 0.1536 5042 0,22562 2.914 x 10-4 3.281 X 1O-!! 2.136 x 10-4 0,7331
0.1103 5701 0.31857 5.068 x 10-4 4.434 X 10-!! 4.022 x 10-4 0.7936
1500
0,0860 6001 0.36750 7.120 x 10-4 6.360 x 10-' 7.395 x 10-4 1.0386
2000
Hydrogen. Hz

-50 0.11010 12635 0.1404 1.009 x 10.4 7.293 X 10-6 6.624 X 10-5 0,6562
0.1652 1.319 x 10-4 8.391 X 10-6 9.329 X }O-!! 0.7071
0 0.08995 13920
0,07603 14349 0.1881 1.724 x 10-' 9.427 X 10-6 1.240 x 10-4 0.7191
50
100 0,06584 14473 0.2095 2.199 x 10-4 1.041 x 10-5 1.582 x 10-4 0,7196
0.05806 14492 0.2296 2.729 x 10-4 1.136 x 10-~ 1.957 x 10-4 .0.7174
150
200 0.05193 14482 0.2486 3.306 x 10-' 1.228 X 1O-!! 2.365 x 10-4 0.7155

Dr. Md. Znhurul Haq 3

 lj
ji1/
(

If
, ..,. ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design
/;'1

't '.'-
1 .
~1/

II
I
II
'f'

Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure (Concluded)

Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat Conductivity Dilfusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
p. kg/m3 k, Wfm.K . a, m2/s jJ., kglrn.s v, m2/s p,
T, 'C Cpo J/kg.K

300 0.04287 14481 0.2843 4.580 X lO-t 1.403 X 10-5 3.274 X 1O-~ 0.7149
400 0.03650 14540 0.3180 5.992 X 1O-~ 1.570 X 10-5 4.302 X 10-4 0.7179
500 0,03178 14653 0.3509 7.535 X 10-4 1.730 X 10-5 5.443 X 10-4 0.7224
1000 0,01930 15577 0.5206 1.732 X 10-3 2.455 X 10-5 1.272 X 10-3 0.7345
1500 0,01386 16553 0.6581 2.869 X 10-] 3.099 X 10-5 2.237 X 10-3 0.7795
2000 0.01081 17400 0.5480 2.914 X 10-3 3.690 X 10-5 3.414 X 10-3 1.1717

Nitrogen. N2

-50 1.5299 957.3 0.02001 1.366 x 10-$ 1.390 X 10-5 9.091 X 10-6 0.6655
0 1.2498 1035 0.02384 1.843 x 10-5 1.640 X 10-5 1.312 X 10-5 0.7121
50 1,0564 1042 0.02746 2.494 x 10-5 1.874 X 10-5 1.774 X 10-'5 0.7114
100 0.9149 1941 0.03090 3.244 x 10-5 2.094 X 10-5 2.289 X 10-5 0.7056
150 0,8068 1043 0.03416 4.058 x 10-5 2.300 X 10-5 2.851 x 10-5 0.7025
200 0.7215 1050 0.03727 4.921 x 10-5 2.494 x 10-5 3.457 X 10-5 0.7025
300 0.5956 1070 0.04309 6;758 x 10-5 2.849 X 10-5 4.783 x 10-5 0.7078
400 0.5072 1095 0.04848 8.727 x 10-5 3.166 x 10-5 6.242 x 10-5 0.7153
500 0.4416 1120 0.05358 1.083 x 10-- 3.451 X 10-5 7.816 x,10-'S 0.7215
1000 0.2681 1213 0.07938 2.440 x 10-- 4.594 X 10-5 1.713 x 10-- 0.7022
1500 0.1925 1266 0,11793 4.839 x 10-. 5.562 X 10-5 2.889 x 10-. 0.5969
2000 0.1502 1297 0.18590 9.543 x 10-- 6.426 X 10-5 4.278 x 10-- 0.4483

Oxygen,Oz

-50 1.7475 984.4 0.02067 1.201 x lO-s 1.616 X 10-5 9.246 X 10-6 0.7694
0 1.4277 928.7 0.02472 1.865 x IO-s 1.916 x 10:-5 1.342 X 10-5 0.7198
50 1.2068 92L7 0,02867 2.577 x 10-5 2.194 x 10-5 1.818 x 10-5 0.7053
100 1.0451 931.8 0.03254 3.342 x 10-5 2.451 X 10-5 2.346 X 10-5 0.7019
150 0,9216 947,6 0.03637 4.164 x 10-5 2.694 X 10-'5 2.923 X 10-5 0.7019
200 0.8242 . 964.7 0.04014 5.048 x 10-5 2.923 X 10-5 3.546 X 10-5 0.7025
300 0.6804 997.1 0.04751 7.003 x 10-5 3.350 X 10-'5 4.923 X 10-5 0.7030
400 0.5793 lOtS 0.05463 9.204 x 10-5 3.744 X 10-5 6.463 X 10-5 0.7023
500 0.5044 1048 0.06148 1.163 )( 10-- 4.114 X 10-5 8.156 X 10-'5 0.7010
1000 0.3063 1121 0.09198 2.678 x 10-- 5.732 X 10-5 1.871 x 10-- 0.6986
1500 0.2199 1165 0.11901 4.643 x 10-- 7.133 X 10-5 3.243 x 10-. 0.6985
2000 0,1716 1201 0,14705 7.139 x 10-- 8.417 x 10-5 4.907 x 10-- 0,6873

Water Vapot, H~
-50 0.9839 18n 0.01353 7.271 x 10-6 7.187 X 10-6 7.305 X 10-6 1.0047
0 0,8038 1874 0.01673 1.110 x 10-5 8.956 X 10-6 1.114 X 10-5 1.0033
50 0.6794 1874 0,02032 1.596 x 10-5 1.078 X 10-5 1.587 X 10-5 0.9944
100 0.5884 1887 0,02429 2.187 x 10-5 1.265 X 10-5 2.150 X 10-5 0.9830
150 0,5189 1908 0.02861 2.890 x 10-5 1.456 X 10-5 2.806 X 10-5 0.9712
200 0.4640 1935 0.03326 3.705 x 10-5 1.650 x 10-5 3.556 x 10-5 0.9599
300 0.3831 1997 0.04345 5.680 x 10-s 2.045 X 10-5 5.340 X 10-5 0.9401
400 0.3262 2066 0.05467 8.114 x lO~s 2.446 X 10-5 7.498 x 10-5 0.9240
500 0.2840 2137 0.06677 1.100 x 10-- 2.847 X 10-'5 1.002 x 10-- 0.910B
1000 0.1725 2471 0.13623 3.196 x 10-- 4.162 x 10-5 2.161 x 10-- 0.8639
1500 0,1238 2736 0.21301 6.288 x" 10-- 6.411 X 10-5 5.177 x 10-. 0.B233
20c0 0.0966 2928 0.29183 1.032 x 10-] 7.808 x 10-5 8.084 x 10-- 0.7833

Dr. Md. Znhurul Haq 4

 ,. A
l' _f1I_
--I -

/!
;/ ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

j
.,/' Properties of Metals and Alloys
f T P (kg! c (kJI k (WI P (kg! c (kJI k (WI P (kg! c (kJI k(WI
I ("C) m') kg.K) m.K) m') kg.K) m.K) m') kg.K) m.K)
1 Aluminum Brass Bronze
;. 30 2701 0.9044 236.1 8530 0.3781 116.7 8799 0.4213 52.00 30
;~-~._ .._.- --90 -2690 ._.0,9320 ~.~.238.5- 8530---0.3886 .. -129.3 .. -8771--0.4453.--.52,00 ----90 _ ...--
150 2678 0.9587 239.1 8544 0.3985 138.4 8742 0.4698 52.81 150
210 2665 0.9839 236.7 8581 0.4075 .142.0 8712 0.4953 54.91 210
270 2652 1.0090 234.3 8618 0.4165 145.6 8682 0.5208 57.01 270
330 2640 1.0350 231.8 8655 0.4255 149.2 8652 0.5463 59.11 330
Chromium Copper Iron
30 7160 0.4501 93.61 8932 0.3854 400.7 7869 0.4484 79.86 30
90 7151 0.4711 91.93 8904 0.3926 395.9' 7851 0.4742 73.44 90
150 7141 0.4907 89.72 8876 0.3993 391.4 7833 0.4966 67.79 150
210 7129 0.5081 86.66 8847 0.4053 387.2 7813 0.5137 63.35 210
270 7118 0.5255 83.60 8818 0.4113 383.0 7793 0.5308 58.91 270
330 7106 0.5426 80.55 8789 0.4173 378.8 m2 0.5491 54.52 330
Iron-Armco AISI 1010 Carbon Sleel AISI 302 Slainless Sleel
30 7867 0.4484 72.~8 7831 0.4354 63.74 8052 0.4825 15.27 30
90 7815 0.4742 68.28 7814 0.4618 60.62 8031 0.5008 16.53 90
150 7782 0.4966 64.24 7797 0.4874 57.55 8008 0.5174 17.61 150
210 7782 0.5137 60.46 7777 0.5117 54.58 7983 0.5315 18.42 210
270 7781 0.5308 56.68 7757 0.5360 51.61 7958 0.5456 19.23 270
330 7779 0.5491 52.93 7737 0.5610 48.65 7932 0.5594 20.04 330
AISI 304 Slainless Sleel AISI 316 Slainless Sleel AISI 347 Slainless Sleel
30 7899 0.4782 14.95 8237 0.4691 13.46 7975 0.4826 14.32 30
90 7877 0.5010 15.97 8214 0.4907 14:54 7954 0.5014 15.24 90
150 7854 0.5199 16.97 8190 0.5093 15.56 7931 0.5183 16.16 150
210 7829 0.5325 17.93 8164 0.5231 16.49 7907 0.5321 17.09 210
270 7805 0.5451 18.89 8139 0.5369 17.42 7882 0.5459 18.02 270
330 7780 0.5574 19.84 8113 0.5504 18.35 7857 0.5594 18.95 330
Lead Nickel Inconel X-750
30 11,337 0.1291 35.26 8899 0.4453 90.37 8509 0.4401 11.76 30
90 11,277 0.1309 34.48 8876 0.4699 84.07 8490 0.4605 12.84 90
150 11,214 0.1332 33.70 8853 0.4974 78.51 8470 0.4773 13.91 150
210 11,147 0.1362 32.92 8829 0.5295 74.13 8448 0.4884 14.96 210
270 11,081 0.1392 32.14 8805 0.5616 69.75 8426 0.4995 16.01 270
330 11,014 0.1422 31.36 8781 0.5910 65.63 8405 0.5106 17.06 330
Silver TIlanium Zirconium
30 10,498 0.2351 428.9 4500 0.5229 21.85 6570 0.2787 22.67 30
90 10,462 0.2375 426.5 4492 0.5403 20.95 6563 0.2919 22.01 90
150 10,424 0.2403 423.5 4485 0.5556 20.28 6556 0.3025 21.50 150
210 10,386 0.2436 419.6 4477 0.5676 19.98 6548 0.3091 21.23 210
270 10,348 0.2469 415.7 4469 0.5796 19.68 6540 0.3157 20.96 270
330 10,309 0.2502 411.7 4461 0.5917 19.40 6533 0.3223 20.71 330

Dr. Md. Zullurul Hnq 5

 'J' ';'1
~il ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipm-ent Design,
iT
/1
./;f Economic fluid velocity (m/s) Fouling factor (m'K/W)

.,I
./
Fluid
Water
Min
1.40
Max
3.00
Engine oil
Engine exhaust gas
0.00088
0.00176
'11 Engine oil 1.40 2.80 Steam 0.00088
",J Acetone, alcohols' 1.55 3.29 Refrigerant (Iiq) 0.00176
,,i{~'-
-----,
..
'. '---~-"--'---An'iFii('-nia----1:68 --3:60----'--"-Refrigera nt '(gas) ._- 0.00035 - •• -------;:-~._-'
j Benzene, toluene 1.46 3,17 Air, CO, Co" NH3 0.00176
\ Octane 1.55 3.38 Ethylene glycol sol. 0.00035
R.134a 1.37 2.90 Hydraulic fluid 0.00176
Nael sol. (20%) 1.31 2.86 Water (city, well) 0.00035
Ethylene glycol sol. 1.37 2,96 Water (distilled) 0.00009,

Approximate Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (UD)

Fluids Uo (W 1m' K)
Water to water 130[)'2500
Gases to water 1[)'250
Water to lub. oil 11[)'300
Steam to water 220[)'3500
Steam to gases 25-240
Evaporators: steam/water 150[)'6000
Evaporators: steam/other fluids 30[)'2000
Evaporators of refrigerants 30[)'1000
Condenser: steam/water 100[)'4000
Condenser: steam/other fluid 30[)'1000
Plate heat exchanger: water to water 300[)'4000

BWG Specification for Tubes in a SfHX

00 ID ID 00 ID ID
(inch) BWG (inch) . (centimeter) (inch) BWG (inch) (centimeter)

'% 10 g.482 1.224 1',4 7 0.890 2.261

11 0510 1.295 8 0.920 2.337
12 0532 1.351 10 0.982 2.494
13 0.560 1.422 11 1.010 2.565
14 0584 1.483 12 1.032 2.621
15 0,606 1.539 13 1.060 2.692
16 0,620 1.575 14 1.084 2,753
17 0.634 1.610 16 1.120 2,845
18 0.652 1.656 18 1.152 2.926
20 0,680 1.727 20 1.180 2.997
1 8 0,670 1.702 1\, 10 1.232 3,129
10 0.732 1.859 12 1,282 3.256
11 0.760 1.930 14 1.334 3.388
12 0.782 1.986 16 l.370 3.480
13 0,810 2,057
14 0.834 2.118
15 0.856 2.174
16 0,870 2.210
18 0,902 2,291
20 0.930 2.362

Dr, Md, Zalluml Haq 6

 - ,
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. I
Dimensions and Weights of Types K, L, M(l) and DWV(2)Seamless Copper 'fubbing
I
Wall TheoretiCal Weighl
Outside Inside
Nominal or Pounds pe~ Linear Fool
Diameter, in.. Thickness, in.
Standard Size, Diameter, in. K L M DWV
DWV
in. AllTypes K L M
.
DWV K L M
. . 0.145 0.126 • •
.
1/4 0.375 0.305 0.315 ' • 0.035 0.030
. 0.269 0.198 0.145
.
i::
3/8 0.500 0.402 0.430 0.450 •
. 0.049 0.035 0.025
. 0.344 0.285 0.204
. .
i'l
to>
..•
0.040
.
0.028 0
0.049
112
518
0.625
0.750
0.527
0.652
0.545
0.666
0.569
• . 0.049 0.042 •
. 0.418 0.362
. :J:
~
0.641 0.455 0.328
0.875 0.745 0.785 0.811 • 0.065 0.045 0.032
•
••~
3/4 • 0.839 0.655 . 0.465
1.055 • 0.065 0.050 0.035 !;l
1 1.125 0.995 1.025 0.650 ••0 \\
0.884 0.682

-
0.055 0.042 0.040 1.04 ~
H/4 1.375 1.245 1.265 1.291 1.295. 0.065
0.940 0.809 ;;' •••
0.060 0.049 0.042 1.36 1.14 , ~
1.481 1.505 1.527 1.541 0.072
1.112 1.625 1.75 I 1.46 1.07 i'l \l
0.042 2.06
2 2.125 1.959
2.435
1.985
2.465
2.009
2.495
2.041
•
0.083
0.095
0.070
0.080
0.058
0.065
. 2.93 2.48 2.03 • '.;;'
"c
2-112 2.625 3.33 I 2.68 1.69 0

3 3.125 2.907 2.945 2.981 3.030 0.109 0.090 0.072

0.083
0.045
. 4.00
5.12 4.29 I 3.58
. ii
0
~
3.425 3.459 • 0.120 0.100 , 0
5.38 , 4.66
3-112 3.625 3.385 2.87 ~
0.134 0.110 0.095 0.058 6.51 ~
4 4.125 3.857 3.905 3.935 4.009 ,
7.61 . I 6.66 4.43 <iii'
4.981 0.160 0.125 0.109 0.072 9.67 0
5.125 4.805 4.875 4.907
5 6.10
6.125 5.741 5.845 5.881 5.959 0.192 0.140 0.122 0.083 13.9 10.2 !
8.92
6 10.6
8 8.125 7.583 7.725 7.785 7.907 0.271 0.200 0.170 0.109 25.9 I
19.3 I 16.5
.
10 10.125 9.449 9.625 9.701 •
•
0.338
0.405
0.250
0.280
0.212
0.254
•
. 40.3
57.8
30.1
40.4
I
I
25.6
36.7
.
12.125 11.315 11.565 11.617
12
111 ASTM B 88-96
I2l ASTM B 306.96
---;------.,.......-------------~--....-------_.-
--
ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

Standard Wrought Steel & Wrought Iron Pipe

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Dr, Md. Z.hurul Hnq 8

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I ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

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0' NPS: ASME 1erm.

9
Dr. Md. Z.hurul H.q
 - 14 •...

ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

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Dr. M. Znhurul Hnq

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ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

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C'r--; I',!F
.') ~
i>- -i'.'>--- r---.
"'. "
0.9
'-<I'
- .::..•. , 1\ '",1\ .
"'~
".g
0.8
.
~- ... .~
II. :"\

'0- I\ol~ '0

/,'
'J'
IV,
~
,,: ~<> :::';;q> 1"\) ."
qQl' .-,
I'\:
1Y
. "'1\-
..
0

I \ \ "/.
,- - 1\ 1\

",
~ 0,,7
I ,

'. " ,1\' 1.\ ,,1\ \

8 I. ...•:
'~'=T;~'T2 '" .
'1\
0.6 - \
. '2 ,' .. i\' '''.'
"I 1 \ \ \
0,,5 0.9 1.0
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0,,6 0,,7 0.8
P = '2-11
T1-t.

T,

0.6 ,

0.5 0.9 1.0

o 0.1 0,,2 0.3 0,,4 0.5 0,,6 0,,7 0,,8

p= 'l-'I
T1-'1

. Dr. M. Zahurul Hnq 2

 \(p =
ME 307: Heat n"ansfer Equipment Design

HQI n~id(,itcl~ H<'I fI"id (,;It"l~" c~

~ ~
( Cold f1~id(,n.:', ( CI'ld lIuid (mrl," C,
Hea1.fl1l",rer ,,:rroK"C Heal-tn",.ru >urfxc

,m
'00
::= == F
•• - [It,{~ - -
T .' T~ I I
•• - _ w:2 O:~
. .....
r/
/ ?[
0-'"
0.15
I

•
- 1-0'"
U'l
:""0:'1')
,f1' - I-

v: ',00 ""
!-
//

-
v ~ 40 -
w

"

20 20

o
Numbc:,oftr.lMrCrvnil1o,NTU_,
.
,

_AUJC_

I''"''',
J..~nuld

':':";
,m
~
'

'Unrnl ••:d fluid

MI•••

""'"
.
"-I"'-
G
.•
I'

',\l ,~'

I
I V"-
l.o.c-).
hoInuid

.T I:~ ~ I-

W,o.d'/. ~.' .- -- -
f;J"" '00
-'
•• I.-- I~~

, .' O.l'
••

J: -
.
, ?- .'
'
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• ,
"

" - .... "

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"

,,'
,,'
~:i
-, •."
j~
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~: "

w ,-
,
20

- .. .. 20

o
"
NIIllIbn nf InNf" U1Iill. NTU_" AUtC_
. o

tL Sflt'll fI••1d (,;,..},. c.

'~: ""-,.. ,-.'!--

Shrllnllldf'.orl •• C.~

1o ',=
t,.••"""""'I,-C, ' Ij
~ 1:., _, .»
Tllbrnllldf~I,.C, II
T_wll~
4." 12 ~.I.po1lon
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,I I .. . 100
, '

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•• - --{j/~ • ••
,'"
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r:
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o
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.
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o
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J
nfln<nt" 1Iftl1"
J •
NJU_." Awe•••••

Dr, M, Zuhurul Huq 3

 = \=1--
ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

Cross-Flow Heat Exchanger

~s,

Row 1 Row 2 Row3 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4

(al (bl

(8.) In-line rows, Vmax = Uoo [S;::D]

(b) Staggered row, Vmox = max (u [S;'::D] ,
m U m ['(S;':.Dd), SD = Jsi. + (ST/2)' ,I
'/,
• Nu m -= hmD
k
= C Rem
1 . D,max
,
( )
PrO.36.J:L..
Pr ••.
,I
:I

Configuratio C,

Aligned 10-10'
R~D,mu

0.80 0.40
01
I
Staggered 10-10' 0.90 0.40
Aligned 10'-10' } Approximate -as a single
Staggered 10'-10' (isolated) cylinder
Aligned 10'-2 X 10' 0.27 0.63
(ST'S, > 0.7)"
Staggered 10'-2 X 10' 0.35(S,/S,l'o 0.60
(ST/S, < 2)
Staggered 10'-2 X 10' 0.40 0.60
(ST'S, > 2)
Aligned 2 X 10'-2 X 10' 0.021 0.84
Staggered 2 X 10'-2 X 10' 0.022 0.84
-For S,ISL < 0.7, heat transfer is inefficient and aligned tubes should nol be used.

N 2 3
• S'
• • 10 I. 2•

SUl~gen:d 0.77 0.84 0.89 0.92 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.99 ).0
In-line 0.70 0.80 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.99 ).0

• !lP = f (tpu-:"') NL
• IV = Ii 6.P = V•• At.P
•w pump
-
-
m
P
6P
'1pump

Dr. M. ZahUTul H.q

 •
•

ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

i:~l'"
Iii .'
I ~,
'.1
,

:.1,
, ....1..
~) •

;" tj I
i i

6 I I I I

I
10'
10'
6
2 -is,,'"}. -
- 2

-~i
II
10' -~
~1f
10°
8 -
6 6
4 Sr= S, -
2
2 "- 61<j'2 610°2 610'
~
"- (S,ID I)(S,ID I)
10°
8
"V
6 ~
4
1. 0 .~.9_
2 --
- -- 1-"-'; - -'- -- - ----- F~- - --
10-'
8
6
10' 2 46810' 2 46810' 2 46810' 2 4 6810' 2 4 6810" 2.
Reo

III I III I I III

6 I II I I I I I II
4
Reo - 10;
- 1.6

10'
2
"- <SJ - 1.4
Re ~ 10 ,n'
...-;;:;,
-~Sr -~
- 1.2
,n" "- /
.~
s"t 1<>" ..••..
i'--. £,/ ../.
4 Sr= -
1.0
.50' 0.60.8 I 2
~ 2 0.4
'"
~rl = .2 Sri S,
10° ;
8
6
4
"""
E,::: l-
2
F"
10-'
8
6
4 6
10' 2 46810' 2 46810' 2 4 6810' 2 4 6810' 2 4 6810 2
Reo

5
Dr. M. Znhurul Haq
 -.:: \0) =

ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

" .

Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

01<
• Laminar: Nu = 1.86(GZ)1/3 ( 1e: ) ; Gz = ~/~
• Turbulent: N u = O.023Reo.8 Prn; 04 : heating
n = { 0'.3 : cooling

Fr,' I f - { <,occ [641 Rei far laminar flow

• lctJon actor - (1.82IogloRe-l.64)-2 for turbulent flow

Tube area
• Equivalent diameter, Det = Dh, = I Dt
• Pressure drop, t::.Pt = ftti5;(!Pt V?), €coTr = 1

Annular area
• Dh a = ID a - OD t, D, ea
_
-
ID~-OD~
OD!

• ~~~rr = {~:!:~)j
+ (I-~tin(,..) I It = ODd I Da

• t.Po = (/0* + l)(~poV.')

Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
• Thbe pitch ratio, PR '" PrIOD" 1.2::; PR::; 1.5
• Preferred tube length, L:
6 It (1.83 m), 8 It (2.44 m),.j2 It (3.66 m), 16 It (4.88 m), 20 It (6.1 m), 24 It (7.32 m) .
• Total outside tube area, Ao = N,("OD,L)
1.0 far 90°, 45°
• CL = { 0.87 far 30°, 60°

. {0.93 far 1 tube - pass

• CT P = 0.90 far 2 tube - passes
0.85 far 3 tube - passes

• Shell inside di~eter,. DII = 0.637 VfCL

aT? [A 0 (PR)'JOD
L I
] 1/2

Tube-side
• Total tube x-section area, At'; (~) 'iID; Np =,no. of pass
0.14
• Laminar: Nu = 1.86(Gz)l/3:;:
( ) i Gz = ljCfv l

• Thrbulent: Nu = 0.023Reo"Prn; n = {0.4 : heaHng

0.3 : coolmg .

. {0.316Re-O.25 : He < 2 x 10'

• For smooth PlPCS, It = 0.184Re-o.2o: 2 x 104 S Re S 3 x,IOs

• Pressure drop, tlP, = Np (Itti';; + 4) (~p,\0;2)

Shell-side
•
_ 4A _ {
Dh, - - - 2Vipl
ODt wtt - : square pitch
P ~ - OD, : triangular pitch

• OAD, S B S 0.6D" B = bame spacing, Number of baffles, Nb = jJ - 1

• Bundle cross-flow areal A, = D;;;D
• Nu =:: 0.36Re~.G5Prl/3 IRe, =:: V,Dh./v,

• f, = exp [0.576 - 0.19 In(Re,)1

• tlP, = f,(Nb + l)~(~p, V;)

Dr. M. Z.hurul H.q 6

 ") ... .'
. ,t-
/\
,'.
"

ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

Plate & Frame Heat Exchanger

.' I. b
-I 1
~\IIi--------------.-! rL'.Xp
Gasket ~1"" t_s -_i
~,
• NTU =UoAoN. Aa = bl
(mCp)"'i" '

(~ • Effective NTU = FeorrNTU, Feorr = 1 - 0.0166NTU

11i
1 l ,
• Flow velocity, V =
{ 2m
Pi'iN.+l) 2m.
odd number of plates

',r:jI
' 111 psbN.' psblN.+2)
even number of plates'

I <!l'I • Heat transfer & pressure loss correlations are based on the hydraulic diameter, Dh of the passage
. formed by the two plates.

• D
h
= 4{cros!I-seetioHal
wetted penmeter
area) _ ....1!L :::::'4sb = 28
2s+2b 2b'
Re == V Db
1.1

-, ,
I
,: f ,I
I '
'
• Laminar flow: Nu = 1.86(Gz)1/3 ( 1e; )
0,14
i Gz = !!tfff Re < 100

I • Thrbulent flow: Nu = O.374ReQ.668 Pr1/3j Re> 100

~ :1<Rc<1O
11'
III • Friction factor. f =
{
R1R~ijl}: 10
~
< Re < 100
: Re>lOO

\1, • Pressure drop, L'.P = ~(!pV2) + L3(!pV,,') '" ~(!pV2)

Condensation Correlations
'i • Condensation on vertical surfaces
l
::
i!

"
I • Condensation on inGlined surfaces
1
!

• Condensation on horizontal tube

• Condensation on horizontal tube banks

• Condensation inside horizontal tube

Dr, M, Znhurul Hnq 7

L-3rr-2/ME Date: 25/03/2019
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2017-2018

Sub: IPE 381 (Measurement of Quality Control)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
All the Symbols Have Usual Meanings Unless Specified Otherwise.
Answer Question no. 1 and any 2 (Two) from the rest

ICompulsoD'1
I. The finest artisans and blacksmiths of King's Landing are working day and night to
fabricate gigantic iron arrows for some humongous crossbows. Two major properties of
iron are its hardness and compressive strength. The compressive strength can be modeled
by a nomlal random variable. Its mean and the coefficient of variation are estimated to be
4.7 ksi and 0.21, respectively. The hardness can be modeled by a continuous uniform
random variable with a mean of 197.5 HB and a standard deviation of 15.9 HB. In
fabrication of such arrows, two types of flaws may occur: (i) the inclusion of a small
quantity of foreign matter; and (ii) the existence of microscopic cracks. It has been found
. by careful investigation that for a certain size of arrow, the mean distance between
microscopic cracks is 5 ft along the arrow, whereas the foreign particle inclusions exist
with an average rate of I per lOft of arrow.
(i) If the 10th percentile (i.e., CDF = 10%) and 5th percentile values are the design values
for the compressive strength and hardness, respectively, calculate the values of the

compressive strength and hardness to be used in a design. (7)

(ii) Assuming that a 20-ft arrow is rejected if either of the following events (i.e. E1, E2,

and E3) occur, calculate the probability ofa 20-ft arrow being rejected. (15)
E1 = If a 20-ft arrow contains more than two flaws
E2 = If the compressive strength is less than 4.3 ksi
E3 = If the hardness is less than the design value
(iii) Five 20-ft arrows have been manufactured this month. Assume that the rejection
conditions among the five arrows are statistically independent. What is the probability
that only one of the arrows had been accepted? What is the probability that the 4th arrow

rejected is .the 5th arrow that has been tested for this month? (3+2)
(iv) Suppose that the presence of a microscopic crack in a 20-ft arrow decreases the
compressive strength of an arrow exponentially with a mean of 0.2 ksi. What is the
probability that none of the microscopic cracks in a 20-ft arrow will cause the decrease in
compressive strength more than 1.0 ksi assuming that the decrease in compressive

strength events are statistically independent? (8)

Contd P/2
 =2=

IPE 381

2. (a) The joint PMF of precipitation, X (in) and runoff, Y (cfs) (discretized here for
simplicity) due to storms at a given location is as follows:

x (in)
f(x,y)
I 2 3
10 0.05 0.15 0.0
Y (cfs) 20 0.10 0.25 0.25
30 0.0 0.10 0.10

(i) What is the probability that the next storm will bring a precipitation of 2 or more in.
and a runoff of more than 20 cfs? (3+3+3+6)
(ii) After a storm, the rain gauge indicates a precipitation of 2 in. What is the probability
that the runoff in this storm is 20 cfc or more?
(iii) Determine the PMF of runoff for a storm whose precipitation is 2 in.
(iv) Calculate the correlation coefficient between precipitation and runoff.
(b) A 20-ft cantilever beam is shown in Fig. 2(b). Load WI = 200 lb, or W2 = 500 lb or
both or none may applied at the mid-point B andlor at the end of the beam C. the bending
moment induced at the fixed support A, denoted by MA, will depend on the magnitudes of

the load at Band C.

=.:-c ~ ----- __ (3+11+6)

:8_-----,.'1-----1
~ Ion -\0 n
B C

Fig.2(b).
Denote the following events:
£, = (MA > 5000 ft-lb)
£2 = (1000 ft-lb $ MA < 12000 ft-lb)
£3 = (2000 lb-ft < MA < 7000 lb-ft)
(i) Are the events £1 and £2 mutually exclusive? Explain.
(ii) Assume the following respective probabilities for the positions of the two loads:
P(WI at B) = 0.25
P(WI at C) = 0.60
P(W2 at B) = 0.30
P(W2 at C) = 0.50
Assuming that the positions of WI and W2 are statistically independent; what are the
respective probabilities associated with each of the possible values of MA?
•
(iii) Determine the probabilities of the following events:

£" £2, £3.£1 fl £2, £, U £2, and £2

3. (a) Skewness for a random variable is +213 and that for another random variable is also
+213. Can we conclude that the probability distributions of both of the random variables
and equally asymmetric? Explain why or why not. (5)
Contd P/3
 =3=

IPE 381
Contd ... Q. No.3

(b) Briefly discuss the central limit theorem. (6)

(c) Explain why a + f3 < 1, where a and f3 are the probabilities of Type I and Type II

errors, respectively. (6)

(d) Load tests are conducted on 15 piles at a large construction project. The capacity of
each pile is 80, 90, 75, 93, 100,76,89,80,82,87,91,98,84,86, and 81 kip. No prior
information on the variance of the pile capacity is available. (6+12)
(i) Calculate the 96% confidence interval for the mean.
(ii) At the 0.05 significance level, can we conclude that the mean capacity of piles is less
than 85 kip? Conduct an appropriate hypothesis test to answer this question.

4. (a) Differentiate "stable system of chance causes" from "unstable system of assignable
causes". Observe the control chart of a system as shown below and comment on its
stability. (5)
_._. .. ._-- - ----- . - ._~ ~. .._-~----,
0
.g 0.141 I
;> UCL
J
jo. 135
t J
~ 0.13
CL
g I
~ 0.
125
r /

1
.f' 0.12 LCL

go 115
CI' ° 2 4 6 8 10 12 ~
-_._----- Sample Nuinber I

(b) The data shown below correspond to 24 samples of size n = 5 taken from 3 process
producing bearings. The measurements are made on the inside diameter of the bearing,
with only the last three decimals recorded (i.e., 34.5 should be 0.50345). (7+3)

Sall1ple Sall1ple Sall1ple Sample

Numhcl' ;r 11 Nuniber ;r 11 Number ;r 11 Number x R

I 34.5 3 7 32.6 4 13 35.4 8 19 34.0 8 I

2 34.2 4 8 33.8 3 14 34.0 6 20 35.1 4

3 31.(; 4 9 34.8. 7 15 37.1 5 21 33.7 2
4 31.5 4 10 33.6 8 16 34.9 7 22 32.8 I
5 35.0 5 II 3J.9 3 17' 33.5 4 _.,
7'
v
.33.5 3
6 34.1 6 12 38.6 9 18 31.7 3 24 .34.'2 2
._-- ._---~

(i) Calculate the control limits for x and R charts.

(ii) If specifications on this diameter are 0.5030 :t 0.00 I 0, find the percentage of
nonconforming bearings produced by this process. Assume that diameter is normally
distributed.
Contd P/4
 =4=

IPE 381
Contd ... O. No.4

(c) Draw the primary OC curve for a double-sampling plan with nj = 50, CI = 2, n2 = 100,
C2 = 6. If the incoming lots have fraction nonconformingp = 0.05, what is the probability
of acceptance on the first sample? What is the probability of final acceptance? Calculate
the probability of rejection on the first sample. (20)

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) State Abbe's Principle of alignment. What are the three basic sources of static errors?
Explain with example. (10)
(b) What are the limitations of Sine Bar? Show that the sensitivity of autocollimator
depends on the focal length of the objective lens. (i0)
(c) Determine the extreme distance, I between the two balls (diameter d) and d2, d) < d2)
such that the two straight edges be adjusted at an angle B(Figure-5(c)). Also show that, if

dl =d and d2 = 2dthen, 1= ~ (cosec% + 3). (15)

. Figure-5(c) .'
._-.- - -
6. (a) Which type of caliper is used for scribing lines at a specified distance from a flat or
curved surface? Write the functions of secondary lock in transfer calipers. (10)
(b) Prove that,
(i) Gear blank diameter = m(N + 2) (10)
(ii) Base Pitch = rrmcostP
Where the symbols carry their usual meanings as in gear measurement.
(c) Define Line of action and Pressure angle. Analytically measure (from Figure 6(c)) the
width (w) of a gear tooth and the depth (d) from the top at which w occurs as: (15)
:;w=Nl1isin. (90)
N

'.d --
I.
_ Nm[l +--co
2 N
2 {9.0)]
-
N
,

OA-R
\
1"ird> Cirde
.
I

o
Figure-6(c)
I .'
Contd PIS
 =5=

IrE 381

7. (a) What do you understand by Roughness and Waviness of machined surfaces? (10)
(b) In routine production of plain shajis and holes, there is only one dimension which has
to be considered (i.e. diameter) and if errors on this dimension exceed the permissible
tolerance, will justify the rejection of part. While in case of screw threads there are at
least five important elements which require consideration and error in anyone of these,
can cause rejection of the thread. Mention the elements, which must be checked in case
of screw thread inspection. (10) .
(c) Effective diameter of a screw thread can be measured using two wire method (Figure.
7(c)) as Ed = T + P, where T = Dimension under the wires and M = Dimension over the
wires. (15)
(i) If the angle of thread is 45°, derive the expression for P value as function of pitch, p
and wire diameter, d that is P = j(P, d).
(ii) Calculate the P value when pitch of the screw is 3.5 mm and wire diameter is 2.1 mm.

Ol;meter
o
B'

T
T

I Figure-7(c)
j .

8. (a) What are the main distinguishing characteristics of Total Quality Management
(TQM)? Mention the nanle of seven basic tools ofTQM. (15)
(b) Define quality. What are the consequences of poor quality? (10)
(c) Why is hole-basis system offit generally employed? Discuss the different allowances
that must be taken into account in the manufacturing of a gauge. (10)

o
..

Table: Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution

A(z) = P( Z :5 z)

.3 .2 .1 0 1 z 2 3 4
-4

0.05 0.06 0,07 0.08 0.09

0.00 0.01 0.02 0,03 0.04
z
0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160
0.0 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557
0.1 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987
0.2 0.5793 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368
0.3 0.6179 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
r, 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.7190 0.7224
0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7549
0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357
0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704
0.7 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 . 0.7995 0.8023
0.8 0.7881 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289
0.9 0.8159 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 . 0.8554
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8810 0.8830
0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.9015
0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907
0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099
1.3 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251
1.4 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394
1.5 0.9332 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.%08
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9699 0.9706
0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9767
0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732
0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817 l
0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793
2.0 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842
2.1 0.9821 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
0.9864 . 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878
2.2 0.9861 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9934 0.9936
0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9952
0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943
0.9960 0.9%1 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959
2.6 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970
2.7 0.9965 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9986 0.9986
0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9990 0.9990
0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989
3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9993 0.9993
0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992
3.1 0.9990 0.9991 0.9995
0.9994 0.9994 . 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995
3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994
0.99% 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997
3.3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996
0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998
3.4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997
0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998
3.5 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998
3.6 0.9998 0.9998 0.9999
 ..,.

Table: Student's t Distribution •

Confidence Intervals, C

80% 90% I 95% 98% 99% 99.9%

Level of Significance for One-Tailed Test, Cl
df 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.0005
Level of Significance for Two-Tailed Test, Cl
0.20 0.10 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.001

1 3.078 6.314. 12.706 31.821 63.657 636.619

2 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 31:599
3 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 12.924
4 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 8.610
5 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 6.869

6 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.959

2.365 2.998 3.499 5.408
7
8
1.415
1.391
1.895
1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355
3.25()
5.041
4.781
.'•
''',~
1

9 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821

10 1.372 1.812 2.228 . 2.764 3.169 4.587
I,

11 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.437

12 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 4.318
13 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 4.221
14 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 4.140
15 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 4.073

16 .1.337 1.746 2.12() 2.583 2.921 4.015

17 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.965
. 18 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.922
1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3;883.
19
20 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.850

.(
 •

• <)

Factors for Constructing Variables" Control Charts

Chart for Standard Deviations Chart for Ranges
Chart for Averages
Factors for Factors for Factors for
Factors for Control Limits Center Line F'lIctors for Controll.imits
Control Limits Center Line

ForI! > 25.

/' •
/

,
I
L-3rr-2/ME Date: 14/03/2019
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3rr-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2017-2018
Sub: ME 351 (Machine Design)
Full Marks: 280 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design text book will be supplied.
Assume reasonable value of any missing data.
USE SEPARATE SCRlPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTlON-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

I. (a) A spur gear set is used in a power transmission operation where the radial and tangential
force components have been found as 0.5 kN and 1.0 kN, respectively. The shaft under
consideration has a length of 500 mm and the gear is located at the middle of the shaft. If the
shaft material is ASTM 40 gray cast iron, find the minimum shaft diameter using a suitable

failure theory for this material. Use a safety factor of2 in your design. (26 %)
(b) A carbon steel ball is pressed against a flat plate of same material with a force of 50
N. If the allowable Von Mises stress is 300 MPa, find the minimum diameter of the steel
ball. Also, find the magnitude and location of maximum shear stress in the steel ball. (20)

2. (a) The notched rectangular bar in Fig. for Q. 2(a) is subjected to the fluctuating load
from -5 to +10 kN. The material is AISI 1030 CD steel, room temperature operation,
reliability goal is 0.95. Thickness of the part is d/6. Use the Soderberg equation to

determine the diameter d.

---,-----

Fif)' -:fo~ f).,_,__ J_~_O--) _

(b) A shaft is subjected to completely reversed bending moment of -10 to +10 kN-m. The
shaft material is AISI 4140 Q&T steel and the shaft has a fully corrected endurance
strength of 250 MPa. Determine the safe diameter of the shaft if the life expectancy is
(i) 105 cycles, (ii) 500 cycles. (20)

3. (a) A shaft weighing 15 kN is supported by two identical angular contact ball bearings
where one bearing is carrying 2/3 portion of the weight. Each bearing also supports a
2 kN axial load. Considering an application factor of 1.5, and a reliability target of at
least 0.95, choose an angular contact ball bearing and mention the catalog load rating.
Also, calculate the reliability in service. (20)
Contd P/2

I
•
',

=3=

ME351

7. (a) Design data of a fixed-free, steel column are as follows: Material AISI 1095
(norn1alized), E = 207 OPa, cross-section = 50 x 50 x 5 mm (angle), unsupported
length = 438.2 mm, design/safety factor = 2. Calculate the design load assuming perfectly

axial loading and neatly sketch the elastic curve of the unstable column. (26%)

(b) Now consider an eccentric load with e~ = O. I, both the ends to be pinned, and a new
k
design load, P. Assume other data of part (a) are unchanged. Calculate the safety factor
(10)
guarding against yielding if P = 300 kN.
(c) Neatly sketch the fit 400 mm H7/k6 showing all dimensions. Calculate the maximum
(10)
clearance and/or, interference whichever is applicable.

8. (a) A triple threaded steel bolt connects 2 identical elastic plates. Bolt's data: M20,

coarse-pitch, property class 12.9. After snug fit, the nut is turned ,Vs th of a full rotation.
Resulting clamping force on plates is 80 kN while the bolt elongates by 0.70 mm. Based

on the given data,

(i) Neatly sketch and label the force-deflection diagram of the bolt and compression

member. Hence, calculate kb, km and C.

(ii) What magnitude of an external force will cause separation of this assembly?

(iii) Is material failure likely at separation?

(b) Find the safety factor against yielding for the welded joint shown in Fig. for Q. 8(b). (10)

(c) Carefully note following data for a single 24 mm 6x19 IPS rope. Total tensile load
(including rope's self weight) taking into account inertia effect = 25 kN, bending

equivalent tension (Fb) = 18.75 kN, required fatigue safety factor (with Fb) = 1.1.
(10)
Calculate: life of the rope.

-------------------------------------------------