M-DA8-HS - Chapter 70

CHAPTER 70 – Standard Practices - Engine
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Page 2
ROLLS-ROY CE DART
MAINTENANCE
ENGINE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 70 -. Standard p r a c t i c e s - Engine
70-00 Standard p r a c t i c e s
70-01 Torque t i g h t e n i n g technique
70-03 Misuse. of molybdenum d i s u l p h i d e l u b r i c a n t s
70-04 I d e n t i f i c a t i o n of" 12-point s e l f - l o c k i n g n u t s
70-10 References
70-11 I d e n t i f i c a t i o n and f i t t i n g , o f rubber s e a l i n g r i n g s -
70-12 S e r v i c i n g and s t o r a g e m a t e r i a l s
70-13 Associated p u b l i c a t i o n s
70-14 Recording and c o n t r o l , 0%"t h e l i v e s o f group ' A ' p a r t s
70-20 Rolls-Royce recommendations

70-2L S p e c i f i c a t i o n f o r engine s t a r t i n g equipment
70-22 Rubber and s y n t h e t i c r u b b e r p a r t s - Shelf l i f e , s t o r a g e and i n s p e c t i o n
70-23 Reclamation of o i l
70-24 Fuel handling and q u a l i t y c o n t r o l
70-25 Water/methanol s p e c i f i c a t i o n
70-26 Application of Hylomar j o i n t i n g compound
70-27 Contamination of engine components
70-28 S t o r a g e l i f e of e n g i n e components
70-29 Temporary marking of p a r t s
70-30 Observance of manual i n s t r u c t i o n s
70-31 Cleaning o f p a r t s
70-32 Assembling of' p a r t s
1 70-33 Magnesium a l l o y components c o n t a i n i n g Thorium
J u l y 31 Contents-70
Pages 1 / 2
ROLLS-ROY CE ,ER0 ENGINE
MAINTENANCE
TORQUE TIGHTENING TECHNIQUE
1. General
A. A predetermined torque l o a d i s applied t o n u t s , b o l t s and setscrews t o

"S! prevent o v e r s t r e s s i n g and t o provide optimum s e c u r i t y . During assembling
.rl
m of the p a r t s and assembling of t h e complete engine, n u t s , b o l t s and
C,
4 setscrews must be t i g h t e n e d t o e i t h e r a s p e c i a l l o a d f o r a p a r t i c u l a r
. A a p p l i c a t i o n o r t o a s t a n d a r d load f o r t h e s i z e - o f s c r e w . thread used.
C1 The p a r t s t o be t o r q u e t i g h t e n e d t o s p e c i a l l o a d s a r e l i s t e d i n the
m
a, relevant topic. Tables of standard torque l o a d s a r e i n t h i s Standard
& Practice. P a r t s f o r which no s p e c i a l load i s s p e c i f i e d i n t h e r e l e v a n t
d t o p i c should be t i g h t e n e d t o t h e standard l o a d s l i s t e d i n t h e t a b l e s .
l -r(
P
a,
C,
S!
2. L u b r i c a t i o n
.rl
k
PI A . Lubrication i s of g r e a t importance i n achieving t h e c o r r e c t t e n s i o n i n a
threaded assembly because most of t h e applied torque i s absorbed by
f r i c t i o n a t t h e screw t h r e a d and on t h e mating f a c e s of the p a r t s . I
B. The standard l u b r i c a n t t o be used i s c l e a n engine o i l , i . e . any of t h e
I m
JK
'approved o i l s used f o r t h e engine l u b r i c a t i o n system, o r graphite-base
i u b r i c a n t PL.198 which should be applied t o t h e b o l t t h r e a d s and nut
abutment f a c e s .
C. PL.198 i s t h e only l u b r i c a n t , a s an a l t e r n a t i v e t o e n g i n e o i l , which i s

Bmr
approved f o r g e n e r a l u s e on threaded p a r t s . The u s e o f any o t h e r
MDa . l u b r i c a n t s , i n c l u d i n g s o l i d f i l m , l u b r i c a n t s i n any form o r any containing
C 1S
molybdenum d i s u l p h i d e i s p r o h i b i t e d unless s p e c i f i c a l l y i n s t r u c t e d .
P&R
S1
D. When a s p e c i a l l u b r i c a n t i s required, e . g . f o r extremely high torgue
S2&
loading o r high temperature o p e r a t i n g zones of t h e engine, t h e c o r r e c t
228
l u b r i c a n t w i l l be s p e c i f i e d i n t h e r e l e v a n t t o p i c .
R ef
CTA
E. The mean t e n s i l e l o a d induced by the same a p p l i e d t o r q u e can be a s much a s
80 per c e n t g r e a t e r u s i n g a n i n c o r r e c t l u b r i c a n t ; b o l t s can be severely
overstressed t o t h e p o i n t of c o n s t a n t torquing.
\ Torque t i g h t e n i n g technique
Aug. 81 70-01
Page 1
ROLLS-ROY CE AERO ENGINE
MAINTENANCE
Torque t i g h t e n i n g technique (cont. )
3. Retightening of n u t s
CAUTION: FAILURE TO CARRY OUT THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTION COULD RESULT EITHER
IN AN INADEQUATE CLAMPING LOAD OR, I F THE CORRECT TORQUE LOAD IS F!
.l4
EXCEEDED IN AN ATTEMPT TO INCREASE THE CLAMPING LOAD, I N DAMAGE (d
,C,
TO THE THREADS. THIS MAY NOT BE OBVIOUS AT THE TIME BUT MAY CAUSE .l4
FAILURE OF THE JOINT DURING SERVICE. ki

C,
A. Whenever i t becomes necessary t o r e t i g h t e n n u t s , remove t h e n u t s , c l e a n t
and l u b r i c a t e t h e threads, and abutment f a c e s r e f i t t h e n u t s and r e t i g h t e n 8
t o t h e s p e c i f i e d torque load. F!
a r t
a
0
4. l?reliminary smoothing of t h r e a d s and mating f a c e s C,
F!
.rl
&
A. Smooth t h e t h r e a d s PI
NOTE: Smoothing t h e t h r e a d s i s necessary o n l y when threaded p a r t s a r e '
being f i t t e d w i t h l o a d s i n excess of 250 l b , f t . being applied.
( 1 ) L u b r i c a t e t h e t h r e a d s and mating f a c e s of t h e n u t and washer with

c l e a n engine o i l o r PL.198 (Chap.70-12) u n l e s s otherwise i n s t r u c t e d .
( 2 ) Tighten t h e n u t u n t i l approximately h a l f t h e recommended torque load

0
value i s obtained.
JK
( 3) Remove t h e n u t reLl.ubricate threads and mating f a c e s , theri r e - t i g h t e n Bmr
u n t i l t h e f u l l torque load value i s reached. ML)a
CIS
Smooth t h e mating f a c e s P&R
S1
Shrouded t a b washers a r e prone t o ' d i s h i n g ' d u r i n g manufacture and do n o t S2&
always f l a t t e n s a t i s f a c t o r i l y with a s i n g l e t o r q u e t i g h t e n i n g a p p l i c a t i o n ; 228
t h e r e f o r e , where shrouded t a b washers a r e used, e f f e c t a double t i g h t e n i n g Ref
procedure ; a s , follows: CTA
( 1 ) L u b r i c a t e t h e screw t h r e a d s and mating f a c e s w i t h c l e a n engine o i l o r

P'.l 9 8 u n l e s s otherwise i n s t r u c t e d .
( 2 ) Tighten t h e n u t t o t h e f u l l torque load.
( 3 ) Remove t h e n u t , r e - l u b r i c a t e t h r e a d s and mating f a c e s , then r e - t i g h t e n

untf l t h e f u l l torque load value i s o b t a i n e d .
Torque t i g h t e n i n g technique
70-01 Aug. 81
Page 2
.- .
ROLLS-ROYCE ,ER0 ENGINE
MAINTENANCE
Torque t i g h t e n i n g technique ( c o n t . )
5. Torque t i g h t e n i n g involving l o c k i n g d e v i c e
A. Where l o c k i n g p l a t e s , tabwashers o r s p l i t p i n s ( c o t t e r p i n s ) a r e used a s

l o c k i n g d e v i c e s t h e following i n s t r u c t i o n s must be complied with:
CAUTION: 1. FAILURE: TO COMPLY W I T H THESE INSTRUCTIONS MAY RESULT IN

FAILURE OF THE UN1 T OR ENGINE.
2. DO NOT SLACKEN THE NUT TO OBTAIN THE LOCKING POSITION.

( 1 ) I f a s i n g l e torque l o a d value i s s p e c i f i e d , i t i s p e r m i s s i b l e , and i n
many i n s t a n c e s necessary, t o exceed . t h e prescribed' torque l o a d value
by c o n t i n u i n g t o t i g h t e n t h e n u t u n t i l t h e next l o c k i n g p o s i t i o n i s
reached.
( 2 ) I f . a minimum and a maximum t o r q u e l o a d value i s quoted, t h e f i n a l torque '
l o a d value 'applied must be w i t h i n t h e prescribed range.
6. Torque t i g h t e n i n g sequence
A. Where c l o s e p i t c h b o l t i n g i s used and where i t i s necessary t o make a s e a l ,

a d j a c e n t f a s t e n e r s should n o t be t i g h t e n e d s u c c e s s i v e l y ; t i g h t e n i n a
symmetrical p a t t e r n t o ensure t h a t s t r a i n i s n o t induced i n t o t h e
structure. Unless s p e c i f i e d otherwise i n t h e manual, t h e following
procedure i s recommended.
( 1 ) On f l a n g e s , l i g h t l y n i p two f a s t e n e r s approximately o p p o s i t e t o each

l
I
o t h e r and then l i g h t l y n i p up a n o t h e r p a i r approximately a t 90 d e g r e e s
JK t o t h e f i r s t p a i r ; b i s e c t t h e r e s u l t i n g angles and proceed a s b e f o r e ;
Bmr r e f e r t o Fig.1. When t h e f a c e s a r e i n l i g h t c o n t a c t with a l l
I
MDa f a s t e n e r s l i g h t l y nipped, apply t h e s p e c i f i e d t i g h t e n i n g t o r q u e
CfS i n a s i m i l a r sequence.
P&R
S1 ( 2 ) On h a l f - c a s i h g j o i n t s , e . g . compressor c a s i n g s , use t h e same method
S2& b u t t i g h t e n t h e mid-section p o s i t i o n s f i r s t and then work outwards
228 from t h e c e n t r e , r e f e r t o Fig.1.
Ref
CTA
RING FLANGE HALF - CASING JOINT

41192
Examples of b o l t t i g h t e n i n g sequences used on
r i n g f l a n g e and h a l f - c a s i n g j o i n t s
Fig. l Torque t i g h t e n i n g technique
Aug. 81 70-01
Page 3
ROLLS-RoY cE DA W U
MAINTENANCE
rEno E w i w
7 , Hand torque wrenches
A. F l e x i b l e beam type
8
( 1 ) To o b t a i n a c o r r e c t r e a d i n g , . t h e . h a n d l e should be gripped l i g h t l y w i t h F!
.d
one hand. A s t h e p u l l must be a p p l i e d a t r i g h t - a n g l e s (90 degrees) t o (0
C,
t h e c e n t r e l i n e of t h e wrench, t h e handle should f l o a t on t h e pivot- +l
p o i n t t h u s c o n c e n t r a t i n g t h e f o r c e o r load a t t h e c o r r e c t p o i n t , r e f e r h
to.Fig.2. The position of t h e hand should not be a l t e r e d s o a s t o W
m
change t h e coricentration of t h e f o r c e from. the pivot-point t o any 0)
o t h e r p o s i t i o n on t h e handle. The f o l l o w i n g ' t a b l e l i s t s f l e x i b l e 8
beam type . torque wrenches and t h e i r torque load ranges: C
.d
a
0)
I -P
. . E!
Range S i z e of d r i v e .F!
k
P a r t number
Nm I 1bf.in. mm. in.
Pc
0 to 50 5,56 7/32
Oto 50 6,35 1/4
' 30 t o 140 6,35 1/4
1 5 0 t o 600 9,52 3/8
0 t o 1800 12,70 112
a
JK
Bmr
MDa
HANDLE PIVOT POINT CENTRE CIS
I
P&R
S1
S2&
228
R ef
cm
C o r r e c t method of h o l d i n g a f l e x i b l e beam torque wrench

Fig. 2
'2orque t i g h t e n i n g technique
70-01 Aug. 81
Page 4
ROLLS-ROYCE IBA W U
MAINTENANCE
AERO ENGINE
(2) A l l wrenches must be checked p e r i o d i c a l l y on t h e s e t t i n g r i g , t o e n s u r e

t h a t they a r e reading a c c u r a t e l y . Interchangeable sockets,' - a d a p t e r s
and e x t e n s i o n b a r s a r e provided f o r u s e w i t h a l l wrenches.
( 3 ) To e n s u r e t h e g r e a t e s t p o s s i b l e accuracy i n reading t h e s c a l e v a l u e s ,
choose a torque wrench which, when i n use, w i l l r e g i s t e r w i t h i n t h e
h i g h e r range of t h e s c a l e . The f i r s t and f i n a l q u a r t e r of t h e s c a l e
should n o t be used f o r mandatory l o a d s . This i s because t h e a c c m a c y
with which small loads can be read a t t h e beginning o r end of t h e s c a l e
i s n o t considered adequate, and, wherever p o s s i b l e , a wrench should be
s e l e c t e d where f u l l b e n e f i t would be o b t a i n e d from t h e s c a l e provided.
Same f l e x i b l e beam'torque wrenches may have t h e 'unacceptable' p a r t of
t h e s c a l e blank. Before use set t h e wrench t o z e r o load.
B. Screwdriver t y p e .
( 1 ) To o b t a i n a c o r r e c t reading t h e handle must be gripped a s i f hold'ing a

screwdriver, and r o t a t e d smoothly u n t i l t h e required load f i g u r e is
indicated. The following t a b l e l i s t s t h e screwdriver type torque
wrench and t h e torque l o a d i n g range.
Range S i z e of d r i v e
P a r t number
lbf. in. mm. in.
JK 1703038 6,35
Bmr
MDa
C1 S
P&R
S1
S2&
228
R ef
CTA
C o r r e c t method of holding a screwdriver torque wrench

.-. Fig. 3
Aug. 8 1 70-01
Page 5
I
( 2 ) Screwdriver type wrenches i n s e r v i c e must be i n s p e c t e d f o r accuracy.

a'
Under c o n d i t i o n s of no l o a d , check t h a t the torque i n d i c a t i n g p o i n t e r I
reads z e r o on t h e s c a l e ; i f w c e s s a r y a d j u s t a s i n s t r u c t e d i n t h e
torque wrench manufac tu'rer ' S i n s t r u c t i o n book. I
.rl
c
m
6 2
Power wrenches k
a
A. Power wrenching must be used only f o r prelimjxary t i g h t e n i n g of nuts and C,
bolts. The power wrench must be set t o give 50 per c e n t of the f i n a l 8

torque load, and t h e f i n a l torque applied using t h e approved hand torque 5
wrench. E!
.rl
"a
a,
C,
9. Toraue mu1 t i p l i e r .rl

c
&
A. The torque m u l t i p l i e r i s a mechanical gearbox o r h y d r a u l i c u n i t used i n
conjunction w i t h t h e torque wrench, i n order t o achieve h i g h e r torque
l o a d s than those p o s s i b l e w i t h t h e normal range of t o r q u e wrenches. It
i s e s s e n t i a l t h e r e f o r e , t h a t t h e torque wrench s c a l e r e a d i n g i s c o r r e l a t e d
t o t h e r a t i o of t h e u n i t being used. The torque m u l t i p l i e r should be
c a l i b r a t e d a t r e g u l a r i n t e r v a l s and maintained i n accordance w i t h the '
manufacturer's i n s t r u c t i o n s .
CAUTION: WHEN MEASURING TORQUE DO NOT USE UNIVERSAL JOINTS AS THESE MAY
0
PRODUCE SERIOUS INACCURACIES . JK
Bmr
Extension spanners MDa
CIS
A. Extension spanners can be used i n e i t h e r of two angular p o s i t i o n s r e l a t i v e P&R
t o t h e torque spanner. Whenever extension spanners a r e used t h e S1
following r u l e s and formula must be used. S2&
228
B. I t .is e s s e n t i a l t h a t , u n l e s s i n a c c e s s i b i l i t y d i c t a t e s o t h e r w i s e , t h e Ref
e x t e n s i o n spanner should always be i n - l i n e with t h e torque spanner and CTA
t h e torque spanner s c a l e r e a d i n g s a d j u s t e d accordingly.
C. Where t h e e x t e n s i o n has t o be f i t t e d a t t h e a l t e r n a t i v e p o s i t i o n because

of l i m i t e d access, t h e s h o r t e s t p o s s i b l e e x t e n s i o n s h a l l be used and c a r e
taken t o apply t h e l o a d a t t h e wrench handle a t RIGHT-ANGLES t o t h e length
of t h e wrench, t o avoid e r r o r s .
D. I t i s a l s o e s s e n t i a l t o n o t e t h a t w i t h the e x t e n s i o n spanner i n t h e
a l t e r n a t i v e 90 degrees a n g u l a r p o s i t i o n , t h e torque r e a d i n g c o r r e c t i o n
f a c t o r does not normally apply, i f t h e extension spanner i s of t h e
c o r r e c t design. . I n Fig.4 dimensions A and C a r e i d e n t i c a l .
70-01
Page 6
ROLLS-ROYCE AERO E N G I N E
MAINTENANCE
reading
Scale = ~ e q u i r e dtorque X Length of l e v e r (A)
T o t a l l e v e r l e n g t h (B)
NOTE: 1. A l l l e n g t h s a r e measured using t h e p i v o t i n t h e handle a s
t h e datum.
2. Length B should be measured p a r a l l e l t o t h e torque wrench l e v e r

c!
.A a s shown i n Fig.4.
m
C,
4
Example :
fQ
C,
m A n u t w i t h 0.250 i n . thread d i a . i s t o be t i g h t e n e d t o
0
10 Nm u s i n g a torque wrench 250 mm. l o n g and with an
5 e x t e n s i o n of 76 mm., fitted i n the preferred position,
c!
.d giving a t o t a l lever length of 326 mm.
a
a,
.v The i n d i c a t e d s c a l e reading must be:
S!
.d
. NOTE: The l e n g t h s A and B may be i n any u n i t s , Imperial o r

M e t r i c , provided they a r e both i n t h e same u n i t s .
a
JK
Bmr
MDa
CIS
P&R
S1
S2&
228
R ef
CTA
ALTERNATIVE POSITIONS
( Either side)
Torque wrench and ex t e n s i o n

Fig.4
Aug. 81 70-01
Page 7
ROLLS-ROY CE DART
MAINTENANCE
A E R ~ENGINE
,
11. In-buil t (locking) torque f o r . s e l f -locking f a s t e n e r s
A. The i n - b u i l t torque is t h e torque required t o s t a r t t h e nut o r setscrew

t u r n i n g when:
(1) The nut i s engaged on t h e stud or b o l t ( o r t h e setscrew i s engaged i n

t h e i n s e r t o r c a p t i v e nut) with the f u l l chamfer of the s t u d or bollt
( o r setscrew) extending beyond the locking d e v i c e of t h e nut, i n s e r t
o r c a p t i v e nut.
( 2 ) There i s : n o a x i a l load on the nut or b o l t .
B. Do n o t a l t e r t h e i n - b u i l t torque of a nut o r i n s e r t by 'crimping' the

lock device er by ' e a s i n g ' it with a thread t a p
IN-BUILT LOCKING TORQUE
Nominal
thread Minimum Maximum
size
-in. Nm lbf. in. lbf. in.
4 UN
6 UN
8 UN JK
10 UN Bmr
0.250 i n . '
MDa
0.3125' i n .
CIS
0.375 i n . P&R
0.4375 i n . S1
0.500 i n . S2&
0.5625 i n . 228
0.625 i n . Ref
0.750 i n . CTA
0.875 i n .
1.000 i n .
1.125 i n .
1.250 i n .
Range of i n - b u i 3 t torque l i m i t s f o r s e l f - l o c k i n g n u t s
wire-thread i n s e r t s and c a p t i v e n i t s
Fig. 5
70-01 Aug. 81
Page 8
MAINTENANCE
C. There a r e v a r i o u s methods of checkkng locking torque b u t t h e u l t i m a t e

c r i t e r i o n i s t h a t t h e c o r r e c t locking torque must be p r e s e n t when the b o l t ,
n u t o r setscrew i s f i n a l l y f i t t e d , and i n p r i n c i p l e a l l such s e l f - l o c k i n g
f a s t e n e r s should be checked a t t h a t s t a g e . I n p r a c t i c e i t i s not always ,
necessary t o measure l o c k i n g torque during f i n a l f i t t i n g , and some

r e l a x a t i o n i s p o s s i b l e depending upon t h e p a r t i c u l a r a p p l i c a t i o n . The
r: following procedures t a k e t h i s , i n t o account:-
rl
m
C,
.rl
k (1) No.10 UN and 0.250 i n . f a s t e n e r s used i n a p p l i c a t i o n s f o r which no
m s p e c i a l i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e given i n t h e manual, may be checked f o r ,
C,
m c o r r e c t locking torque by hand during f i n a l f i t t i n g . I f t h e locking
a, device cannot be f u l l y engaged when tightened a s much a s p o s s i b l e with
2 t h e f i n g e r s , then t h e f a s t e n e r i s acceptable.
.$2rl
P ( 2 ) A l l o t h e r a p p l i c a t i o n s of No. l 0 UN and 0.250 i n . f a s t e n e r s involve
a,
C, j o i n t s where h i g h i n t e g r i t y i s e s s e n t i a l and a r e covered by s p e c i a l
$2
.rl i n s t r u c t i o n s i n t h e manual. I n a l l t h e s e i n s t a n c e s , t h e locking
k torque must be measured during f i n a l f i t t i n g .
c4
(3) On a l l f a s t e n e r s i z e s above 0.250 i n . , whether t h e torque load i s

standard o r non-standard, t h e a c t u a l locking torque must be measured
during f i n a l f i t t i n g .
a D. To ensure t h e c o r r e c t l o c k i n g torque during f i n a l f i t t i n g , f a s t e n e r s may

be checked before t h i s s t a g e using the gauges l i s t e d i n Fig.6. By t h i s
means, t h e need t o remove and r e p l a c e f a s t e n e r s d u r i n g f i n a l f i t t i n g can
be avoided.
JK
Bmr CAUTION: CONTAMINATION OF SILVER-PLATED NUTS OR INSERTS BY CADMIUM OR
MOLYBDENUM DISULPHIDE CAN RESULT I N SERIOUS FAILURE DURING
C1S SUBSEQUENT SERVICE. GAUGES USED ON SILVER-PLATED FASTENERS
P&R
S1
MUST NOT BE USED FOR CHECKING ANY OTHER PARTS.
l
S2&
228 THREAD BASIC SIZE GAUGE No.
R ef
CTA 0.190 - 32 HC. 21739
0.256 - 28 HU. 21740
- 24
~ 0.3125
0.3715 - 24 .
HC. 21741
HC. 21742
0.4375 - 20 HU. 22844
l 0.500 - 20 HC ,22845
0.5625 - 18 HC .22846
0.625 - 18 HC. 22680
Torque check gauges

Fig. 6
70-01
Aug. 81
Page 9
R O L L S - R O Y CE DART
MAINTENANCE
A E R O EHGIME
12. F i t t i n g non s e l f - l o c k i n g n u t s t o s t u d s o r b o l t s ; a l s o f i t t i n g b o l t s , used

a s setscrews, i n non s e l f - l o c k i n g thread h o l e s
A. Apply t h e s t a n d a r d torque loads l i s t e d i n F i g . 7 u n l e s s s p e c i a l torque

C '
loads. a r e s p e c i f i e d elsewhere. .rl
m
2,
C,
Q
TIGHTENING TOR&UE - NON SELF-LOCKING
Q)
S
C
.rl
Nominal thread size
'U
in. Unplated and s i l v e r p l a t e d Cadmium p l a t e d Q)
C1
S!
.rl
Nm lbf. in, lbf. in. 24

No.6 UNF
No.8 UNF AND 2 B.A.
No. 1 0 UNF
I . B.A.
a
0.250 i n .
0.3125 i n .
0.375 i n .
0.4375 i n ,
0.500 i n . JK
0.5625 i n . Bmr
0.625 i n . MDa
CIS
P&R
Standard torque l o a d s f o r f i t t i n g non s e l f -locking n u t s and b o l t s S1
Fig. 7 S2&
228
Ref
CTA
70-01 Aug. 81
Page 1 0
ROLLS-ROYCE IIihU!U
MAINTENANCE
A m 0 ENGINE
13. F i t t i n g s e l f - l o c k i n g n u t s t o s t u d s and b o l t s ; a l s o b o l t s used a s setscrews,

i n s e l f - l o c k i n g wire-thread i n s e r t s or i n s e l f - l o c k i n g thread c a p t i v e n u t s
A. Apply t h e standard torque l o a d s l i s t e d i n Fig.8 u n l e s s s p e c i a l torque loads

a r e l i s t e d elsewhere.
Q
a 14. Tube connections ( union n u t s , tube and hose connections)
C,
.
rl
a
C, CAUTION: PREVENT DANIAGE TO PIPES AND UNIONS BY USING A SUITAEJLE SPANNER
m TO PREVENT ROTATION OF THE UNION WHEN ASSEMBLING OR DISASSEMBLING
a,
8 A PIPE CONNECTION.
c
.ri A. Apply t h e torque l o a d v a l u e s l i s t e d i n F i g . 9 t o a l l s t a n d a r d tube/pipe
a connections u n l e s s otherwise i n s t r u c t e d .
a,
C,
c!
.rl
l2 B. S e l f - l o c k i n g n u t s and i n s e r t s have a l i m i t e d l i f e which depends, mainly,

on t h e i r a b i l i t y t o r e t a i n t h e i r i n - b u i l t locking torque. or values
of acceptable range of i n - b u i l t torque, r e f e r t o Fig.5.
m
JK
Nominal t h r e a d s i z e
in.
TIGHTENING TORQUE - SELF-LOCKING
Unplated and s i l v e r p l a t e d Cadmium p l a t e d
Bmr
MDa l b f .:h. Nm lbf. in.
CIS
P&R No.6. IJNF
S1 No.8 UNF AND- 2 B.A.
S2& No.10 UNF
228 0.250 i n .
Re f 0.3125 i n .
CTA 0.3'95 i n .
0.4375 i n .
0.500 i n .
0.5625 i n .
0.625 i n .
Standard torque l o a d s f o r s e l f -locking n u t s , setscrews i n wire-thread

i n s e r t s and. c a p t i v e nuts
Fig.8 ,
Aug. 81 70-01
Page 11
ROLLS-ROYCE AERO ENGINE
MAINTENANCE
Torque t i g h t e n i n g technique (cont.)
B. Bed-in nut and n i p p l e connections a s follows:
( l ) Using c l e a n engine o i l a s a l u b r i c a n t on t h e threads and abutment f a c e s

assemble n u t and n i p p l e t o t h e union and t i g h t e n t o t h e recommended
torque l o a d value.
( 2 ) Loose t h e connection by slackening the, nut h a l f a turn.
(3) Tighten and loosen twice more..
(4) F i n a l l y t i g h t e n t o recommended torque load value.
CAUTION: DO NOT EXCEED THE SPEC1FIED TORQUE LOAD VALUE WHEN TRYING TO
ACHIEVE A SATISFACTORY SEAL.
C . R e c t i f y a l e a k i n g connection by disassembling t h e n u t and nipple connection
examining p a r t s f o r cause of fail.ure t o s e a l , and, i f necessary, f i t t i n g
new p a r t s . Reassemble a s d e t a i l e d i n B.(1) t o (4).
TIGHTENING TORQUE - TUBE CONNECTIONS
Nominal
thread s i z e
- in. lbf. in.
JK
Bmr
MDa
CIS
P&R
S1
5%
228.
Ref
CTA
S tandard torque loads f o r t u b e connections

Fig. 9
70-01 Aug. 8 1
Page 12
a Torque t i g h t e n i n g technique ( c o n t . )
15. Screwed unions and hexagon-headed blanking plugs
A. The torque t i g h t e n i n g values f o r both unions and hexagon-headed blanking

I
plugs a r e i d e n t i c a l f o r given thread diameters and a r e given i n Fig.10.
The v a l u e s a r e based on t h e p r a c t i c e of t i g h t e n i n g the union t o a t o r q u e
approximately 20 per c e n t h i g h e r than f o r t h e union nut; t h i s reduces
*C
.l-l t h e tendency f o r t h e union t o t u r n when t h e tube n u t i s t i g h t e n e d o r
m
C, loosened.
.rl
& B. When f i t t i n g unions o r plugs, c l e a n engine o i l should' be used t o l u b r i c a t e
C,
m t h e t h r e a d s , except when t h e f i t t i n g s a r e t o be screwed i n t o magnesium
a,
alloys. I f they a r e t o be f i t t e d t o magnesium a l l o y s t h e threads and
5 abutment f a c e of t h e unions o r plugs should be smeared with j o i n t i n g
!=!
Ti compound PL. 32L (Chap. 70-12) which must be allowed t o a i r d r y f o r
a approximately 10 minutes before asgembly.
Q)
C,
c!
.rl C. A f t e r e n s u r i n g t h a t t h e items a r e c l e a n , and f i t t i n g any necessary j o i n t
k washers, they should be assembled t o t h e torque values s p e c i f i e d i n Fig.10.
I UNIONS AND HEXAGON-HEADED BLANKING PLUGS
Nominal Tightening torgue
0 thread s i z e
-in. Nm lbf. in. 1bf.ft.
JK
0.250-28 5 44 -
Bmr
MDa
C1S
P&R
S1
S2&
228
R ef
CTA
Torque t i g h t e n i n g v a l u e s f o r unions and

hexagon-headed blanking plugs
Fig. l 0
Torque tightening technique
70-01
Aug. 81
Page .l3
MAINTENANCE
16. F i t t i n g serrated-head s e a l i n g plugs . ' . .

A. Apply t h e torque l o a d s l i s t e d i n Fig.11 t o s e a l i n g plugs f i t t e d i n t o
e i t h e r aluminium o r magnesium u n l e s s s p e c i a l values are s p e c i f i e d
elsewhere.
B. When f i t t i n g s e a l i n g plugs, c l e a n engine o i l should be used t o l u b r i c a t e

t h e threads, except when t h e plug i s t o be screwed i n t o magnesium a l l o y s .
I f they a r e t o be f i t t e d t o magnesium a l l o y s t h e t h r e a d s and abutment f a c e
of t h e plug should be smeared w i t h j o i n t i n g compound, PL.32L,
which must be allowed t o a i r d r y f o r approximately 1 0 minutes before
assembly.
C . Do not o v e r t i g h t e n s e a l i n g plugs beyond t h e recommended torque load value

t o cure a leak. I f n e c e s s a r y , f i t a new s e a l i n g plug and/or r e c o n d i t i o n
t h e plug s e a t i n g .
TIGHTENING TORQUE - SERRATED-HEAD S W I N G PLUGS
Nominal
d i m e ter
-in. lbf. in.
0.250
0.3125
0.375 JK
0.4375 Bmr
0.500 MDa
0.5625 CTS
0.625 P&R
0.6875 S1
0.750 S2&
228
Ref
Standard torque l o a d s f o r f i t t i n g serrated-head s e a l i n g plugs CTA
( U n i f i e d o r Whitworth threads)
Fkg. l1
17. Bitting studs
Studs a r e u s u a l l y f i t t e d a s replacements, when f i t t i n g replacement s t u d s

r e f e r t o the relevant topic.
70 -01 A u g . 81
Page. 1 4
.# ROLLS-ROYCE AERO ENGINE,
MAINTENANCE
Torque tightening technique (Cont.)

i
0 APPENDIX
SPECIAL LOADINGS
1. Torque tightening procedure for specific items
A. Using engine oil as lubricant
Trimmer lever cotter pin - nut .. .. .. . . Tighten till nipped

after tapping pin
home
Fuel pump governor adjusting screw capnut .. .. . . 40 to 50 lb.in.
Fuel pump - drain banjo pillar - capnut .. .. .. 100 lb.in.
Fuel control unit - drain banjo connection - bolt .. ., 175 lb.in.
Fuel control unit - filter bowl cover - retaining bolt .. 135 lb.in.
Oil pressure transmitter - oil feed banjo connection
(pre-Mod.1094) - capnut .. .. .. .. 170 lb.in.
Oil pressure' transmitter - oil feed, pipe from transfer bobbin
to bulkhead - swivel nut .. .. .. .. 80 lb.in.
Fuel burners to expansion chambeis - nuts .. .. .. 135 lb.in.
DELETED
0 l Expansion chamber link bolts (Mod.1350 and Mod.15911 -

SM I nuts .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 lb.in.
Bmr Propeller controll& unii'- securing nuts .. ,. ,. 80 lb.in.
MDa High energy igniter plugs - securing capnuts .. .. 75 lb.in.
IS& Scavenge oil filter caps - retaining bolts .. .. .. 135 lb.in.
228 Pressure oil filter cap - retaining,bolt .. .. .. 135 lb.in.
Fuel pipe union nuts:. l/8 in. B.S.P. .. .. .. 80 lb.in.
(up to 120 lb.in. is permitted to cure a leak)
l/4 in. B.S.P. .. .. .. 120 lb.in.
3/8 in. B.S.P. .. .. .. 150 lb.in.
Propeller shaft transportation cover end capnut - torque tightening

procedure:
CAUTION: ENSURE THAT A SPLIT COLLET IS FITTED TO THE PROPELLER SHAFT,

(1) Dog the engine by fitting the engine turning tool GU.15710 to the
accessory drive.
(2) Using a single hexagon socket and a suitable torque spanner tighten the
transportation cover end capnut to 190 to 200 lb.ft.
(3) Remove the dogging tool and turn the propeller shaft to check for
freedom of rotation.
Torque tightening technique.

70-01
Dec.82 II Page 15
ROLLS-ROYCE AERO E H G I N E
MAINTENANCE
Torque t i g h t e n i n g t e c h n i q u e ( c o n t . )
( 4 ) R e f i t t h e dogging t o o l , s l a c k e n t h e end c a p f u l l y , t h e n t o r q u e
t i g h t e n i t t o 30 t o 50 1 b . f t .
NOTE: The above t o r q u e t i g h t e n i n g procedure c a n be used t o r e t u r n t h e
p r o p e l l e r s h a f t t o i t s c o r r e c t p o s i t i o n i f i t has been
d i s p l a c e d rearwards.
Engine f e e t (L.H. and R.H.) t o intermediate casing -

securing nuts .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 135 1 b . i n .
Engine f o o t ( t o p ) t o i n t e r m e d i a t e c a s i n g -
s e c u r i n g n u t s (pre-Mod.1828) .. .. .. .. .. 135 1 b . i n .
Engine f o o t ( t o p ) t o i n t e r m e d i a t e c a s i n g -
s e c u r i n g n u t s (Mod.1828) .. .. .. .. .. 235 1 b . i n .
B. Using g r a p h i t e d g r e a s e (D .T.D. 392B) a s l u b r i c a n t :
Thermocouples - r e t a i n i n g s e t s c r e w s .. ..
Exhaust u n i t - i n n e r cone t o o u t e r cone - s e c u r i n g
setscrews .. .. .. .. .. ..
Exhaust u n i t t o n o z z l e box and h e a t s h i e l d - s e c u r i n g
nuts .. .. .. .. .. ..
Heat s h i e l d - s e c u r i n g n u t s .. .. .. ..
Flame t u b e -
l o c a t i n g pins .. -. .. ..
Combustion chamber a i r c a s i n g s -
burner c l e a n i n g
access blanking plug .. .. .. .. ..
H.P. n o z z l e g u i d e vane -
locating pin .. e
H.P. n o z z l e g u i d e vane - b o l t i n tapped

.. .. .. ..
'
locating plate Pak

Discharge n o z z l e - s e c u r i n g s e t s c r e w s .. .. MDa
S &
C. The f o l l o w i n g i t e m s should be torque t i g h t e n e d w i t h o u t l u b r i c a n t : 228
.. ..
S t a r t e r motor l e a d l u g s - r e t a i n i n g n u t s
I g n i t e r lead elbow/igniter plug - securing n u t .. .. 216 110 1b.in.
t o 240 1 b . i n .
S p e c i f i c items n o t t o r q u e t i g h t e n e d
Before t i g h t e n i n g n u t s by t h e following p r o c e d u r e s , check t h a t they run

smoothly o v e r t h e f u l l 'thread range. These i t e m s should be l u b r i c a t e d
w i t h engine o i l .
Fireproof bulkhead t o compressor-securing n u t s - T i g h t e n n u t s u n t i l nipped,
t h e n l o o s e n by t h r e e
castellations.
Hot a i r v a l v e o u t l e t t o bulkhead-securing n u t s - T i g h t e n n u t s u n t i l nipped,
t h e n l o o s e n by t h r e e
.
c a st e l l a t i o n s
Torque t i g h t e n i n g t e c h n i q u e
70-01 Jan. 84
Page 1 6
ROLLS-RBY CE DA W T
MAINTENANCE
A E R O ENGINE
MISUSE OF MOLYBDENUM DISULPHIDE LUBRICANTS
Molybdenum d i s u l p h i d e l u b r i c a n t s break down above 300 degrees C. (572

degrees F.) r e l e a s i n g sulphur which c a n induce s t r e s s c o r r o s i o n and premature
f a i l u r e of engine p a r t s s o l u b r i c a t e d ,
Since most of t h e b o l t m a t e r i a l s used i n t h e h i g h e r t e m p r a t u r e zones of t h e

engines a r e s e n s i t i v e t o sulphur a t t a c k i t i s e s s e n t i a l t h a t t h e supply and u s e
t
' of l u b r i c a n t s c o n t a i n i n g molybdenum d i s u l p h i d e i s s t r i c t l y l i m i t e d t o t h o s e
a
a.' p a r t s f o r which t h e y a r e s p e c i f i e d i n t h e manuals.
3
SM
Bmr
MDa
IS 1
CS 2
PRS
22 8
May 78 70-03
Page l
R O L L S - R O Y CE
8
L % m'
MAINTENANCE
,ER0 ENGINE
IDENTIFICATION OF 12-POINT SELF-LOCKING NUTS FOR LOW AND HIGH

TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS
l, These two types of self-locking nuts are geometrically similar, but

with the following distinguishing features.
E:
: I
.r(
A. Nuts that must be used in the hotter engine zones, in working
k
temperatures of 230°c (446OF) to 650°c (1,202oF) are non magnetic,
m silver plated and partially knurled on the flange. See Fig.1.
W
m
dc I B. Nuts that are restricted to use in the colder engine zones, in
working temperatures not exceeding 230% (446OF) are magnetic,
cadmium plated and coated with molybdenum disulphide (black).
.F+
They feature a plain flange. See Fig.1.

P
'C. Positive identification of used nuts into these two broad
groups can only be done by individually checking each nut
with a magnet.
D, Ensure that only the correct nut (as defined in the engine
illugtrated parts catalogue) is fitted. It must not be
assumed $hat all low temperature zones of the engine feature
mpgnetic cadmium plated nuts, as quite often high temperature
type nuts are by design to be found in these areas.
IM
nil1
n
1S1
CS2
PRS
228
See
CTA
Mar.74 70-04
Page l
Identification of 1.2-point self-locking nuts (cont.)
IDENTlFlCAfION OF SELCmLOCKB196NUTS
I FITTING OF LOW TEMPERATURE NUTS IN HIGH TEMPERATURE AREAS WILL CAUSE ENGINE FAILURE
I LOW TEMPERATURE NUTS %Z! HlGH TEMPERATURE NUTS B B

MATERIAL:- MEDIUM CARBON MATERIAL- 15% Cr - 25% Ni HEAT
Ni-Cr-MO STEEL & CORROSION -
FINISH :- CADMIUM PLATE + RESISTANT STEEL.
BLACK COATING OF FINISH:- SILYER PLATE
MOLYBDENUM
DlSULPHlDE IDENTIFICATION:- NUT FLANGE
1s KNURLED
IDENTIFICATION:-NUT FLANGE THESE NUTS ARE NOT MAGNETIC
HAS KNURLING
THESE NUT!; BECOME BLACK
THESE NUTS ARE w N m AfTER USE
I I LOW TEMPERATURE NUTS ARE BLACK & HIGH TEMPERATURE NUTS ARE BRIGHT WHEN NEW BUT- I
pl?y!
p---
DO NOT
PE
MEY NUTS HAVE
MANUFACTURER'S CODE ONLY
I THREAD SE IAL~WN
IDENTIFY BY COLOUR AFTER
RR NUMBE~S
-
I NUT TYPE
HAVE P a T N "
AM)/OR MANWAClWWt'S CODE
MO 8-36
I
1205943
USE
1 THEADSEE I ALTERNATNERRNUMBWS I -
SBAC N "
-
AS20623
U125943
ON THE FLAKE NO18-32 1205924 M125924 . ONTMEFWQGE NO10-32 1205944 - -AS20624
U125944
.250-28 1205925 U125925 .250-28 12Q5945 U125945 -
AS20625
l l l l
--p----
.3125-24 , 1205926 U125926 .3125-24 1205946 U125946

AS20626
-- .375-24 1205927 U125927 .375-24 1285947 AS20627
U125947
- -4375-20 1205928 U125928 .4375-20 1205948 AS20628
U125948
REGULAR NUT SW-20 1205929 U125929 REGULAR NUT -500-20 1205849 AS20629
U125949
No NO 8-36 1209171 U129171
AS27821
& MANUFACTURER'S COW ON
AND/ORMANWACNRW'SCODE NO10-32 1209172 U129172
AS27822
.250-28 1209173 ~129173 AS27823
.3125-24 1209174 U129174. AS27824
' .375-24 1209175 U129175 AS27825
NUT 1
A--
[DEEP COUNTERBORED I DEEP COUNTERBOREDNUT ( 1

Fig. l :M[ S 4 0 5
. . P r i n t e d i n Great B r i t a i n
I
ROLLS-ROYCE BAW U
MAINTENANCE
AERO E N G I N E
0 SEALING RINGS
1. Identification
A . Rubber sealing ring identification is by the part number which is shown

C on the envelope in which sealing rings are individually packed. On
4
0 the envelope (and on all associated packaging) is marked, as a minimum,
C,
4 the following information (examples given in brackets):
a
Description of part .. .. .. (ring, sealing)
C
Quantity .. .. .. . . (one, 1)
.l4
a
Rolls-Royce part number .. .. (000,000)
a,
C,
c
Cure date .. .. .. .. (2Q68)
4
& B. The sealing ring material is identified by self-colouring of the ring or
by colour coding markings on the ring. A sealing ring which has become
separated from its envelope can be identified as follows:
(1) Match the colour code marking on the sealing ring with the same marking
in the identification of rubber sealing rings shown in Table 1.
10
AM
Record the material code shown.
( 2 ) Refer to the appropriate Illustrated Parts Catalogue which relates the

material code to the sealing ring part number, material description,
Rsn
dimensions and location.
SRP
IS1
C
S2 Grooves in ferrule for RUBBER SEALING RING PILOT SLEEVE
rubber sealing rings positioned on pilot
228
a
\
Spindle of location stud
threaded i n pilot
Typical pilot and sleeve assembling tool

Fig.l
Sealing rings
'L- 70-11
Nov. 15/72 Page 1
ROLLS-ROY CE DAWD
M A I N 1ENANCE
AERO ENGINE
Sealing r i n g s ( conk )
IDENTIFICATION OF RUBBER SEALING RINGS
I d e n t i f i c a t i o n c o l o u r code
M a t e r i a l code
Base Number and c o l o u r
colour of spots or lines
black 1 yellow F/E o r WAD

black 1 yellow, 1 white PE/FK or WAJ
Black ! yellow, ! blue, ! green R/G or W G
black 2 yellow E/ORK
black 2 yellow, 1 blue PE/EK or WAM
black 2 yellow, 2 green VE/S or WAT
black 3 yellow PE/OZR or WAK
black 4 yellow VE/KR or WAS
black p a r t number i n w h i t e i n k PE/DCR or WAL
black 1 white, 1 blue PE/ELR
black 1 white, 2 blue B/SK o r WAB
black 1 w h i t e , 2 green E/PVC o r WAQ
black 1 w h i t e , 1 b l u e , 1 yellow E/XCF o r WAP
black 1 b l u e , 1 green E/ORP
black 1 b l u e , 1 w h i t e , 1 green PE/ERS
black 1 b l u e , I green, I yellow N/GP o r WAC
black 2 blue E/ORS
black 3 blue N/Q
black 1 green, 1 white PE/FR
black 1 g r e e n , 1 yellow E /OR
black 1 g r e e n , 2 yellow E/ORK o r WAN MS l
black 3 green PE/W SRP
black 4 green VE/HT o r WAR IS1
brick red 2 black graphite SE/DT CS2
red l green GF/ST 228
red None, s e l f - c o l o u r e d E/ET
orange None, s e l f - c o l o u r e d SE/MP o r WAH
green None, s e l f - c o l o u r e d SE/F
blue None, s e l f - c o l o u r e d SE/G
pale blue None, s e l f - c o l o u r e d SE/CH o r WAU
grey None, s e l f - c o l o u r e d SE/FM
brown None, s e l f - c o l o u r e d SE/MH
brownish r e d None, s e l f - c o l o u r e d SE/DTA
l i g h t brown None, s e l f - c o l o u r e d WAF
brown None, packaged WAY
brown None, packaged WAZ
+
CAUTION: THIS SEALING RING MUST ONLY
'BE USED ON TRANSPORTATION PARTS
red None, s e l f - c o l o u r e d WAW
black None, s e l f - c o l o u r e d WDR
Table l
Sealing r i n g s
70-11
Page 2 J a n . 93
G
ROLLS-ROYCE
'
DART
MAINTENANCE
AERO ENGINE
0 Sealing rings (cont. )
2. Lubrication .
A . Avoid i n d i s c r i m i n a t e u s e of l u b r i c a n t s when f i t t i n g r u b b e r s e a l i n g r i n g s :
u s e o n l y t h e recommended l u b r i c a n t and a p p l y s p a r i n g l y immediately b e f o r e
f i t t i n g t h e r i n g s t o a u n i t o r engine. F a i l u r e t o observe t h e f o r e g o i n g
i n s t r u c t i o n s c a n r e s u , l t i n premature s w e l l i n g o f t h e rubber s e a l i n g r i n g s
.rlEm: d u r i n g assembling.
.C,
rl
k
a
@2 . ,
CAUTION: DO NCl? USE A LUBRICANT ON RUBBER SEALING RINGS OTHER THAK THAT
RECOMMENDED FOR THE PARTICULAR APPLICATIOK.
I
G B. The c h o i c e o f l u b r i c a n t is c o n t r o l l e d by t h e environment of t h e r u b b e r
S!
.H s e a l i n g r i n g s , i . e . a i r , f u e l o r o i l system, r a t h e r t h a n by t h e t y p e o f '
-0
a,
m a t e r i a l from which t h e y a r e manufactured. Unless otherwise i n s t r u c t e d ,
.c, t h e l u b r i c a n t s t o b e used d u r i n g t h e f i t t i n g of r u b b e r s e a l i n g r i n g s a r e
E:
S r i
a s follows: 1
2
( 1 ) A i r system - s i l i c o n e rubber l u b r i c a n t , r e f e r t o Chapter 70-12
( 2 ) Fuel system - l i q u i d p a r a f f i n , r e f e r t o C h a p t e r 70-12
( 3 ) O i l system - c l e a n e n g i n e o i l , r e f e r t o C h a p t e r 70-12
0 3. F i t t i n g
,
' JT A. U s e new r u b b e r s e a l i n g r i n g s when a s s e m b l i n g u n i t s o r e n g i n e s .

Drd
SRP B . Ensure t h a t t h e l i f e and c o n d i t i o n a r e a s d e t a i l e d i n 'Rubber and s y n t h e t i c
IS1
C
rubber p a r t s -
s h e l f l i f e , s t o r a g e and i n s p e c t i o n ' f o r s e a l i n g r i n g s b e f o r e
f i t t i n g them i n a u n i t o r e n g i n e .
S2
228
C . Ensure t h a t grooves and mating f a c e s , t o which t h e r u b b e r s e a l i n g r i n g s are
t o be f i t t e d , a r e c l e a n and smooth t h e n l i g h t l y smear t h e grooves and
m a t i n g f a c e s w i t h t h e recommended l u b r i c a n t . Apply t h e l u b r i c a n t ,
s p a r i n g l y , t o t h e t o t a l s u r f a c e a r e a of t h e r u b b e r s e a l i n g r i n g s b e f o r e
fitting.
D . Take c a r e t o a v o i d s t r e t c h i n g o r t w i s t i n g t h e r u b b e r s e a l i n g r i n g s w h i l s t
f i t t i n g : e n s u r e t h a t when f i t t e d t h e r i n g s a r e n o t t w i s t e d and t h a t t h e y
a r e c o r r e c t l y s e a t e d i n t h e i r grooves.
Sealing rings
Jan. 84 70-11
P& 3
-. --
ROLLS-ROYCE AERO EMGIHE
MAINTENANCE
Sealing rings (cont.
Do n o t f i t rubber s e a l i n g r i n g s t o any s e c t i o n of t h e e n g i n e w h i l s t i t
i s s t i l l h o t , o t h e r w i s e t h e s e a l i n g r i n g s may s t r e t c h and be more l i a b l e
t o damage.
Prevent rubber s e a l i n g r i n g breakages when f i t t i n g t h e s e items i n such

l o c a t i o n s a s f u e l p i p e d o u b l e grooved f e r r u l e s by u s i n g a s u i t a b l e p i l o t
and s l e e v e assembling t o o l ( F i g . 1 ) .
Before f i t t i n g f e r r u l e s and tubes i n t a t h e i r mating sockets ckesk that

t h e exposed s u r f a c e s o f t h e rubber s e a l i n g r i n g s a r e t h i n l y c o a t e d w i t h
t h e recommended l u b r i c a n t . U s e a s t r a i g h t p u s h i n g movement t o f i t t h e
f e r r u l e s and t u b e s i n t o t h e i r s o c k e t s ; t h i s a c t i o n w i l l p r e v e n t
t w i s t i n g of t h e r u b b e r s e a l i n g r i n g s .
AM
Rsn
SRP
IS1
C
S2
sealing rings
70-11 Nov. 15/72
Page 4
SERVICING AND STORAGE MATERIALS
MATERIAL APPLICATION SPECIFICATION APPROVED
BRITISH AMERICAN BRANDS
Aviation Engine fuel Refer to Chap. ‘Servicing’
kerosine 12
Oil Engine )Refer to ‘Servicing’

lubrication )Chap. 12
)
Assembly of oil )
system sealing )
rings )
Water/ Boosting take- )Refer to

methanol off power )Chap. 70-25
)
Compressor )
washing )
Greases Control box ) (B.P. AERO 31

ball ends and ) D.T.D.5598 MIL-G-23827A (Mobil 22
cross-shafts ) (Aeroshell No.7
(Esso 5114 E.P.
Alternative for D.T.D. 900/4841 MIL-G-25760A Aeroshell 16

oil system
sealing rings
Silicone Silicone rubber D.T.D.900/4298 MIL-S-8660 Midland Silicones

rubber sealing rings MS.4
in contact with Dow Corning DC.4
air
Anti- Assembly of )
sieze combustion )
compounds chamber to )
nozzle box )
)D.T.D.392B MIL-T-5544B Aeroshell 08
Fuel heater ) (ASG) Felpro C5A
air transfer )
tube connections )
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 1
Servicing and storage materials (cont.)
Anti- Lubrication of )D.T.D.392B MIL-T-5544B Aeroshell 08
sieze screw threads ) (ASG) Felpro C5A
compounds in hot areas of )
(cont.) engine )
Lubrication of D.T.D.5530 Silkolene 751

engine mount
spherical
bushes
Liquid Assembly of
paraffin sealing rings
(Technical in fuel system
grade)
Penetrat- Easing with- Lusol

ing oil drawal of front Freeway
cover dowels
Petroleum Initial DEF.STAN 91.38

jelly lubrication of Grade PX-7
ball and roller
bearings
Thixo- Alternative to MSRR 9180 PL.198

tropic engine oil for
dry-film lubricating
lubricant bolt threads
and nut abut-
ment faces
Jointing Igniter plugs )

compounds )D.T.D.900/4344 Silkolene,
Discharge ) Grade 762
nozzle/nozzle )
box sealing )
face )
Oil relief )D.T.D.900/4586A (Hylomar(Light)

valve flange ) (SQ.32/L or
) PL.32
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 2
Jointing Water/methanol )
compounds control unit )
(cont.) servo cylinder )
cover faces )
)
Expansion )
chamber/air )D.T.D.900/4586A (Hylomar(Light)
casing joint ) (SQ.32/L or
) PL.32
Air intake )
cowling/ )
acoustically )
lined air )
intake )
extension and )
spinner )
extension )
mating faces )
Reduction gear )
front cover )
)
Front bearing )
outer race )
)D.T.D.900/4586A (Hylomar(Medium)
Combustion ) (SQ.32M or
chamber ) PL.32
spherical joint )
rings )
)
Propeller shaft )
seal )
)
Fuel drain )
valve )
Propeller shaft Silcoset 152

seal retaining Silastic
setscrews R.T.V.731
RTV 102
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 3
Trichloro- Degreasing air Triklone ‘N’ Fed. Spec.
ethylene casings, cross- B.S.580 1956
shafts and 1963 O-T-634a
aluminium Type 2
casings
Inhibit- Propeller shaft DEF.2181A MIL-C-6529C

ing and accessory (ASG)
fluids gear box
drive flange
Fuel system and DEF.2001A or MIL-O-6081B

fuel operated D.Eng.R.D.2490 (ASG)
units Grade 1010
External engine DEF.2331A MIL-C-16173C

protection Grade 2
Selenious Reprotection of
acid magnesium
castings
Air Damaged areas )

drying of )
primer stoving enamel )
- Red as undercoating ) MSRR 9037 Kearsley’s
) Spec.Co.5151
Air For touching up )
drying damaged areas )
enamel of )
- Grey stoving enamel )
Air drying For touching up PL.82

high-heat- damaged areas PJP 1912 A.
resisting of air casing 8000
aluminium protective
enamel coating
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 4
Air Reprotection )
drying of aluminium )
clear casings; )
enamel magnesium )
casings )
)PJP 1721 Kearsley’s
Exposed )C.8187 Spec.Co.5187
surfaces and )
setscrew heads )
of acoustically )
lined air )
intake cowling )
air extension )
spinner )
Protective Treat damaged SermeTel ‘W’

coating areas of air
casing
protective
coating
Corrosion Restore damaged P.L.177 MIL-C-81751

resistant areas of air FJP.3971A
touch-up casing protec- 8000
coating tive coating
Compressor For washing (MSRR 9416 ZOK 27

washing engine ( Solvex I.C.D.177
fluid internally ( Turboclean L9020
( Ardrox 6343
(MSRR 9914 B+B 3100
Rivanaes RMC-G21
Ardrox 6345
Ligno- Cleaning MIL-G-5634C 14/25 TURCO
cellulose compressor Type 1 Softblast (U.K.)
grit TURCO Carboblast
(U.S.)
White Engine external BS.245

spirit cleaning
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 5
Desiccant Engine BS.2450
(silica packing
gel)
Water-proof Blend damaged Grade grit

abrasive areas of air size 320 or
paper casing 240
protective
coating
Paper- Engine DEF.1296

humidity packing
indicator
Paper- Engine CS.2193D

grease packing
resisting
R V.P.I./ Protection CSS117 UU.-P00270

C.H.C. against
paper corrosion
Polyvinyl Engine BS.1763,

chloride packing Type 1
(P.V.C.) film (alternative (Plain)
to grease
resisting
paper)
* Glass cloth/ ) Plastolene 954

P.V.C. )
laminate )Repair of
)storage bags
* Adhesive ) Holdtite 3445
)
* Talc )
* French chalk Repair of D.T.D.527

(Technical storage bags
Grade)
NOTE: * These materials are included in storage bag repair kit

C.P.3093/4 obtainable from Rolls-Royce plc.
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 6
P.V.C. Temporary
U.K./AID/909
self-adhesive repair of
/1
tape storage bags
Acetone Repair of B.S.509 Federal

storage bags Spec.
O-A-51
Abrasive paper )Prepare air

(finest grade) )intake
Benzene )nose cowling
(not Benzine) )for repair
or Naphtha )
Rubber )For minor Adcora P6

coating )repairs to Boscoprene 2114-5
compound )air intake Part 1 and Part 2
)nose cowl
)anti-icing
)element
Adhesive )rubber Bostik 1777
)covering
Primer )Application DC.4094 MS.2402

Sealing )of compound Silastic RTV.731
compound )to combustion
Primer )chamber drain Silcoset O.P.l
Silicone )tubes in Silcoset 151
compound )accordance
Silicone )with Mod.1632 Silcoset 152
compound )
Silicone ) RTV106
Compound )
Stainless General D.T.D.189

steel lockwire 22 S.W.G.
(0.028 in.)
Methylene – Removing B.S.1994

chloride jointing
compound
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 7
Pencil/ ) Verithin.
crayon - ) Staedler Mars
temporary ) Omnichrome
marker )
)
Felt or ) KOH-I-DRY
fibre - ) Soft chalk
temporary )Marking of
marker )components
)
Lay-out ) Marlube Sq 9B.
fluid )
)
Marking ) Ardrox 386
ink ) American black
)
Electro- ) EM 16A
lyte )
Sealing Seal oil Loctite Superfast

compound relief universal
valve sealant 572
housing
Anti- Inhibiting (PX.24) Ardrox 3961 E21

corrosion engine Brenntag Correx
inhibiting 36
fluid Steelgard 521 or
522
Dewatering External Castrol rustilo

fluid protection DWX 41
of engine
Emery Remove Grade 4/0

polishing protective Grit size 1200
paper laquer
film from
air intake
Cold paint Remove Ardrox 20

stripper protective
laquer
film from
air intake
cowling
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 8
Toluene Touch-up/ Commercial grade
repair of air
intake cowling
laquer coating
Special Touch-up/ MSRR 9299 Vulcaprene

rubber repair of air (aluminium)
solution intake cowling MSRR 93OO
laquer coating (yellow)
MSRR 9301
(black)
Curing agent Touch-up/ Vulcabond TX

repair of air
intake cowling
laquer coating
Vulcaprene Touch-up/ SQ33(aluminium)

laquer repair of air SQ34(black)
touch-up kit intake cowling SQ37(aluminium
laquer coating and yellow)
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 9
Manufacturers and suppliers
Turco Products Inc., Carboblast
6135, South Central Avenue, Turco 4217
Los Angeles 1, California
U.S.A.
Turco Chemical Products Ltd., Softblast

Victoria Road, Southborough,
Tunbridge Wells, Kent,
England.
Med-Lab Limited, Primers and enamels Hylomar

2-6, Agard Street, PL.198 Benzene
Derby, Methylene chloride Turbex
England. Loctite sealant - Silkolene 751
572 Silkolene Grade 762
V.P.I./C.H.C. paper
Bostik 1777
Boscoprene 2114-5
Adcora P6
Petroleum jelly
Sermetal 'W'
Trichloroethylene
Lusol, Freeway
Verithin - Pencil/crayon
Staedler Mars Omnichrome
KOH-I-DRY
Soft chalk
Marlube Sq 9B
Ardrox 386
American black
Rolls-Royce (Canada) Ltd., Silkolene Grade 762

P.O. Box 1000,
Montreal,
Canada
Pinchin Johnson Paints, ) Primers and enamels

Transport Division, )
Rotton Park Street ) Corrosion resistant
Ladywood ) touch-up coating
P.O. Box 359 )
Birmingham 16. )
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 10
U.S.M. Corporation, ) Boscoprene 2114-5
784, Memorial Drive, )
Cambridge )
Massachusetts, )
U.S.A. )
)
Bostik Limited, ) Bostik 1777
Lower Middleton Street, )
Ilkeston, )
Derby, England. )
Brand Packaging Ltd., Dessicant

Bridge Mills, Pendleton,
Manchester, N6 6EL
England.
Dow Corning Corporation Silicone Compound DC.4

P.O. Box 592, Midland,
Michigan, U.S.A.
Midland Silicones Ltd., Silicone Compound M.S.4

68, Knightsbridge,
London W.l.
England.
Surridge's Patents Ltd., Holdtite 3445

Croydon Road
Beckenham
Kent,
England.
United States Borax and Biobor JF

Chemical Corporation,
Los Angeles,
California,
U.S.A.
Shell Oil Co., )

Shell Aviation Dept., )
50w, 50th Street, )
New York 20, )
New York )
U.S.A. )
)
Shell Oil Co., ) Petroleum jelly
Houston, )
Texas, )
U.S.A. )
)
Esso Petroleum Co. Ltd. )
Mailpoint Way, )
Leatherhead )
Gt. Britain, KT22 8UX. )
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 11
The British Drug Houses Ltd., Methylene chloride
B.D.H. Laboratory, Chemical
Division Poole, Dorset, or
Birkbeck Street
London E2 SJW.
Turco Chemical Products Ltd. TURCO 5884

The Brillo Group Headquarters
Cord Wallis Estate
Maidenhead
Berkshire U.K.
The Lix Corporation of LIX 400

Missouri
2808 Easy 85th Street
Kansas City Missouri 64132
U.S.A.
Teleflex Inc. SermeTel 'W'

Sermetal Division
Dickinson Road and
Wissahickon Avenue
North Wales,
Pennsylvania 19454, U.S.A.
International Paint Coy. Inc. Corrosion resistant

21 West Street, touch-up coating
New York
New York City 10006
U.S.A.
Eagle Pencil Co. Ltd. Verithin -

Ashley Road pencil/crayon -
London N 17 temporary marker
Staedler (U.K.) Ltd. Staedler Mars

Cowbridge Road Omnichrome -
Talbot Green pencil/crayon,
Pontyclum temporary marker
Glamorgan CF7 8ZZ
Imperial Chemical Industries Methylene chloride

Ltd. New York Ltd.
America Inc.
444 Madison Avenue
New York 22 U.S.A.
Berol Ltd. KOH-I-DRY -

Oldmeadow Road felt or fibre,
Kings’ Lynn temporary marker
Norfolk
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 12
General Engineering Supplies Soft chalk –
Co. Ltd. temporary marker
554 High Road
Leytonstone El1
Marston Lubricants Ltd. Marlube Sq 9B –

7-11 Naylor Street, Lay-out fluid
Liverpool L3 6DS
Ardrox Ltd. ) Ardrox 3961 - Inhibiting

74 Furlong Road ) fluid
Bourne End )
Bucks. )
)
Ardrox Ltd., ) Ardrox 386 –
P.O. Box 814 ) Marking ink
St. Catherines )
Ontario 62R 6YR )
Canada )
Marken U.S.A. American black -

Marking ink
Rolls-Royce plc ) Electrolyte - EM 16A

Derby ) PL.198
Electromark (G.B.) Ltd. ) Electrolyte - EM 16A

Harlequin Avenue )
Great West Road )
Brentford )
Middlesex )
Brenntag Mineraloel GMbH & Co Brenntag Correx 36

Postfach 010320 Inhibiting fluid
4330 Mulheim Ruhr
Reichprasidenten Strasse 21-25
Germany
Vapor-Tek Ltd. Steelgard 521 or 522

Fairclough Street Inhibiting fluid
Great Lever
Bolton BL3 ZAF
Rolls-Royce (Canada) Ltd. Vulcabond TX

AMF Box (curing agent)
Montreal
Canada
Ardrox Australia Pty Ltd. Ardrox 20

43 Forge Street
Blacktown
NSW 2148
Australia
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 13
Nv Brent S.A. Ardrox 20
3B Wondelgenstrast
B9910 Mariakerke
Belgium
Dunlop P.R.D. Vulcaprene protective

Ashby Road laquer
Shephead
Leicester LE12 1BF
Gt. Britain
Ardrox Prene Ltd., Ardrox 20

Ridgeway
Iver
Buckinghamshire SLO 9JJ
Gt. Britain
Med-Lab Ltd., Ardrox 20

Copeland Street Toluene
Derby DE1 2PU Vulcaprene protective
Gt. Britain laquer
Vulcabond TX
curing agent
SQ33 Laquer kit
SQ34 Laquer kit
SQ37 Laquer kit
Standard Practices
M-Da8-HS
70-12
Page 14
ROLLS-ROYCE DA :?T
MAINTENANCE
MRO ENGINE
ASSOCIATED PUBLICATIONS
1. General
A. These Rolls-Royce p u b l i c a t i o n s , l i s t e d with t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e R. R.

p u b l i c a t i o n r e f e r e n c e s , a r e a s s o c i a t e d with t h e o p e r a t i o n , maintenance,
modification, and overhaul of t h e Rolls-Royce Dart turbo-prop. engines
i n s t a l l e d i n t h e Hawker Siddeley 748 model 228 a i r c r a f t .
Operating i n s t r u c t i o n s
Maintenance t o o l s and equipment
W i f i c a t i o n s manual (Dart Mod.1 t o 800)
Dart s e r v i c e b u l l e t i n s (Dart Mod. 801 and

subsequent ) Ser -Da-AC
Modifications pocket book Mod. PB-DdC
Dart 550-2 i l l u s t r a t e d p a r t s catalogue S-Da550-HS
Overhaul manual Dart 520 and 530 series 0-Da7-AC
Overhaul m a t e r i a l s (consumable) Omit
Dart engines overhaul planning OP-Da
Engine overhaul processes T.S.D.594
Sept. 7/67 70-13

Page 1
ROLLS-ROY CE BA ' V
MAINTENANCE
,ER0 EH,,,,
RECORDING AND CONTROL OF THE LIVES OF GROUP 'A' PARTS
Croup ' A ' parts comprise those major rotating parts of an engine the failure of
which could, if uncontained, affect the airworthiness of the aircraft. They are
therefore subjected to life limitations which are mandatory and therefore must
not be exceeded in service (see the Aircraft Servicing Schedule). It must be
emphasized that whilst limitations are established and issued by Rolls-Royce ,
responsibility for controlling the lives of group 'A' parts in service rests
with the operator.
The making by Rolls-Royce of a recommendation of the life of a part does not

imply that any particular part will achieve this life and it does not constitute
a warranty on the part of Rolls-Royce. The appropriate warranty arrangements
made between Rolls-Royce and the operator will govern the relationship between
the parties,
The lives of the parts are expressed in terms of 'flights' wherever practicable.
This is the most direct and accurate way of controlling the service life of
parts which are primarily affected by cyclic stresses, because variations in
stage length are taken into account automatically by this means.
The effects of flight patterns on cumulative cyclic life usage on these parts
are derived from a knowledge of the average or datum flight profile flown by
the engine: refer to Fig.l.
Shl The shaded bands in the graph (Fig.1) indicate engine speed ranges within which
GWN a speed would be selected for a particular operating condition; they are not
MDa intended to represent fluctuations of engine speed.
CIS
S1 While few variations from the datum flight profile are anticipated in the case
S2 of the Dart, where the control characteristic permits changes in engine power
228 without alterations of engine speed, any differences between this datum flight
profile and the average profile flown on normal operations could affect the
rate of the cyclic life usage. It is therefore in the operator's own interests
that such differences should be disclosed to Rolls-Royce for consideration.
A particular example would be a flight containing one landing preceded by a
series of intentional overshoots required for airfield calibration checks.
Operators who are registered in the UK or who otherwise operate under the
regulations of the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (C A A ) should
note that, for engine mark(s) covered by this manual, the flight profile
monitoring requirements of Airworthiness Notice No.44 issue 4 will be satisfied
in full hy the annual reporting procedure detailed in paragraph 8 b of the
Notice.
l Tllis applies to new as well as existing operators of these engine marks.
Aug. 75 70-14
Page 1
ROLLS-ROYCE @ B
MAINTENANCE
,ER0 ENGINE
Recording and control of the lives of group 'A' parts (cont.)
The number of 'flights' completed by each part is equal to the number of

landings, plus half a 'flight' for each 'touch and go' recorded on the aircraft
for the periods during which the engine was installed. A 'touch and go' will
comprise any case where a 'wheels on' landing is made and where the engine speed
does not fall ' below 10,000 r.p.m. before power is increased for Take-off.
There are certain parts which are influenced as much by the total hours they are
in service as by the number of flights they complete. In such cases, the lives
are expressed in flights and hours, whichever is completed first being the
limiting factor.
The operator is required to provide Rolls-Royce on a monthly basis with the

total flying hours and total landings on each aircraft in his fleet. A
standard form entitled 'Monthly Log of Aircraft Total Hours and Landings' should
be used for this purpose. It is important that hours and landings should be
expressed numerically and& in life code letters. This information is required
for two main purposes. Firstly, to enable Rolls-Royce to assess the operator's
future life clearance requirements for group 'A' parts. Secondly, to monitor
the spare parts provisioning programmes needed to maintain a satisfactory service
to the operator.
When engines are sent from service for overhaul, operators should advise the
overhaul facility of the following:
(1) The number of flights and hours achieved by any one engine since its last
shop visit.
.SRI
(2) The minimum number of flights and hours for which engines must be cleared / 'GWN
before return. MDa
CIS
,
(3) The group 'A' parts that have been changed in service. vs1
S2 I
Engines received from the overhaul base will be accompanied with the serial - -228
numbers and life completed in flights and hours on those group 'A' parts which
have been fitted to engines during shop visits.
i I 70-14
Page 2
Aug. 75
ROLLS-ROKCE Bh%lIT
MAINTENANCE
ENGINE
Recording and c o n t r o l of t h e l i v e s of group ' A ' p a r t s ( c o n t . )
R.P.M.
X1000
m
Bmr
hlDa
S&
' 228
-
Datum f l i g h t p r o f i l e Mk.550-2 engines
Fig.1
July 73 70-14
Pages 3/4
MAINTENANCE
SPECIFICATION FOR ENGINE STARTING EQUIPMENT

. . . .'
A.P.S.31 Issue 2
1 .' ' Performance
D e s c r i p t i o n of requirement
. . . , .
The equipment i s r e q u i r e d t o supply e l e c t r i c a l power f o r s t v t $ n g Darf

engines.
B, Output
($1 Fqr e x t e r n a l s t a r t i n g down t o temperatures of minus 30 degrees C.
The source s h a l l be capable of supplying a s t a r t e r motor Termieal

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c a s shown i n f i g . 1 . The t r u c k s h a l l be capable of
supplying an i n i t i a l peak c u r r e n t of 1,500 amperes which w i l l have f a l l e n
t o 608 amperes a f t e r 1 5 seconds and w i l l maintain t h i s c u r r e n t f a r a
f u r t h e r 15 seconds. This c y c l e can be repeated f o r each engine t h r e e
times with a 1 minute i n t e r v a l between t h e end of one c y c l e an4 t h e
commencement of t h e next,
(2) For i n t e r n a l s t a r t i n g
T h i s i s c a r r i e d o u t using b a t t e r i e s installed i n s i d e t h e a i r c r a f t .
The v o l t a g e required a t t h e s t a r t e r and t h e minimum voltage f o r s t a r t i n g
a t minus 1 0 degrees C , , and minus 20 degrees C. is shown *p f i g . 1 .
I f working on minimum c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t h e b a t t e r y w i l l be s u b j e c t e d ts
an i n i t i a l peak c u r r e n t of 1,100 amperes which w i l l have decreased t o
580 amperes a f t e r 15 seconds and w i l l remain a t t h i s c o n d i t i o n f o r a
f u r t h e r 15 seconds.
C, Control g e a r
. ,
.
(1) A s i n g l e pole hand operated c i r c u i t breaker o f , ?uff i k i e n t c a p a c i t y : s h a l l
. be f i t t e a ' t o t h e '.truck f o r p r o t e c t i o n purposes b,
(2) A s a f e t y relay connected through a t h i r d core of t h e output c a b l e i n

such a manner as, t o ensure t h a t t h e p o s i t i v e main core of t h e c a b l e i s
a l i v e o n l y when connected t o t h e a i r c r a f t ,
(3) There s h a l l be low voltage and over ,,voltage p r o t e c t i o n on a l l ground

s t a r t i n g equipment t o prevent s t a r t s being attempted u n l e s s t h e open
c i r c u i t voltage
. -.lles.be$ween 28 and 30 v o l t s . I f during a s t a r t o r
cranking'opekation t h e a i r c r a f t plug voltage f a l l s t o below 22 v o l t s
,
f o r more t h a n 2 sec.onds,the low v o l t a g e c u t - o u t s h o u l d o p e r a t e and
break. t h e supply,
. I . .., . .
May 17/64 70-21

Page 1 .
1
ROLLS-WQYCE AERQ ENGINE
Specification for engini starting equipment (cont .)
May 17/64
MAINTENANCE
a "
S p e c i f i c a t i o n f o r engine s t a r t i n g equipment (cont. )
2. Operating conditions
The etjuipment i's t o be designed t o operate under t h e following climatic

conditions.
A, Over an ambient temperature range of minus 45 degrees C. t o plus 50 degrees

C. and t o be capable of storage a t these temperatures without ill e f f e c t .
B, In conditions up t o 95 per cent r q l a t i v e hyqidity,

C. A t g l l a l t i t u d e s up t o 13,400 % e s t .
D, I n dus? and sand laden atysspheres i n a n y , p a r t of t h e world,
S, F i r e protection
A. Flameproof requirement
J t Is recommended t h a t t h e equipment be flameproof a s defined i n A.C.S.1005.
. , , May 17/64 70-21

Page 3
- MAINTENANCE
a
1. Shelf life
E:
.A
m
C,
A. The cure date is the reference point from which the shelf life of rubber
.rl and synthetic rubber parts is calculated, It is marked on the parts
k '
m and/or on their associated packaging and applies to all 'uninstalled'
-b,
m rubber or synthetic rubber parts, bonded rubber to metal parts, cables, .
a, -
harness, hoses and hose assemblies but not to assembled units and
8 accessories, (such as fuel units).
.$2
rl
a B. The cure date is shown as the quarter of the year (expressed as a single
a,
C,
figure) and the year (expyessed as a double figure) of manufacture
a
-ri
separated by the letter Q: e.g. 2Q68 is the cure date for a part
2 manufactured in the second quarter of 1968. The year is divided into
quarters as follows:
(1) January, February, March. (2) April, May, June.

(3) July, August, September. (4) October, November, Ikcember.
a NOTE: On some parts, the month of manufacture may be shown in brackets

after the cure date, e.g. 2Q68(May).
G. The age of any part is calculated from the end of the quarter in which
the part was manufactured. Thus a part with the qure date 2Q68 would
be one year old at the end of the second quarter of 1969, i.e. 30th June,
1969.
MT
Bmr 2. Cure date marking
MDa
C IP A. The method of showing the cure date of ,'uninstalled' or 'separatev rubber
RSS or synthetic rubber parts is as follows:
lS2
228 (l) Individual parts (except sealing rings) large enough to be marked, e.g.
Ref diaphragms and bulkhead seals, are stamped or stencilled with a
@TA permanent marking fluid of a contrasting colour.
(2) Individual parts which cannot be marked owing to size, and sealing rings,
are packed in marked envelopes supplemented by labels attached to the
part or batch.
(3) A11 basic envelopes, bags or packages and all intermediate and/or
exterior containers in which'the items are packaged are marked with
the cure date. In addition each envelope, bag or package shows the
manufacturer's name or reference, Rolls-Royce part,number and batch
number.
May 15/70 70-22

Page 1
1
ROLLS-ROY CE E t ,ER0 ,,HE
Rubber and s y n t h e t i c rubber p a r t s - S h e l f l i f e , s t o r a g e and i n s p e c t i o n ( c o n t . )
(4) Hoses a r e marked w i t h 2 s e p a r a t e groups of f i g u r e s and l e t t e r s which

a r e r e p e a t e d a l o n g t h e f u l l l e n g t h of hose. The f i r s t group g i v e s
manufacturing d a t a s u c h a s 'mix' i n f o r m a t i o n , w h i l s t t h e second group
g i v e s l e n g t h o r b a t c h number and c u r e d a t e a s f o l l o w s :
F i r s t 4 figures - l e n g t h of b a t c h number
Next o r middle f i g u r e - q u a r t e r symbol )

and l e t t e r and ' Q '
) cure date
1
Final 2 figures - year symbol )
Example: 01012Q68 - l O l s t l e n g t h or b a t c h produced i n t h e second

q u a r t e r of 1968
( 5 ) Hose a s s e m b l i e s a r e , i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e c o d i n g on t h e hose element,

marked by t h e f o l l o w i n g i d e n t i f i c a t i o n t a b s :
( a ) Coding t a b ( r e p e a t of hose c o d i n g ) .
( b ) I d e n t i f i c a t i o n t a b (showing hose p i e c e number, t e s t d a t e , i n s p e c t o r ' s

stamp and maker' S i d e n t i f i c a t i o n ) .
( c ) Cure d a t e t a b (showing c u r e d a t e of h o s e ) .
( 6 ) A l l b a s i c packaging and a l l i n t e r m e d i a t e and/or e x t e r n a l c o n t a i n e r s f o r

h o s e s and hose a s s e m b l i e s a r e marked w i t h t h e c u r e d a t e .
3 . S t o r a g e of p a r t s
MT
A . Maintain rubber and s y n t h e t i c r u b b e r p a r t s i n good c o n d i t i o n and e n s u r e
maximum s h e l f l i f e by c a r e f u l a t t e n t i o n t o s t o r a g e c o n d i t i o n s . Store parts Bmr
MDa
under c o n d i t i o n s which p r o v i d e t h e maximum p o s s i b l e p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t t h e
GIP
e f f e c t s of s t r a i n , d i r e c t s u n l i g h t , ozone, m o i s t u r e , e x c e s s i v e c i r c u l a t i o n
RSS
of a i r , extremes of t e m p e r a t u r e , p h y s i c a l damage and c o n t a m i n a t i o n by f u e l s ,
o i l s , greases, o r solvents. I f t h e p a r t s a r e s u p p l i e d packed i n envelopes,
1s2
228
p l a s t i c bags o r c a r t o n s , t h e y s h o u l d be kept i n t h i s c o n d i t i o n u n t i l
Ref
required f o r service. Avoid e x c e s s i v e s h e l f s t o r a g e t i m e by r e l a t i n g l e v e l
CTA
of s t o c k s t o r a t e of u s e and by i s s u i n g p a r t s on an ' a g e ' b a s i s , t h a t i s ,
o l d e s t i t e m s , a s shown by c u r e d a t e , f i r s t . Do n o t a l l o w d i r e c t c o n t a c t
between rubber p a r t s and m e t a l s ( e s p e c i a l l y c o n t a i n e r s made from copper).
B . S t o r e p a r t s i n a r e l a x e d p o s i t i o n f r e e from t e n s i o n and, wherever p o s s i b l e ,

i n t h e i r normal shape. Avoid e x c e s s i v e v e r t i c a l s t a c k i n g of p a r t s a s t h i s
can c a u s e permanent d i s t o r t i o n of t h e lower l a y e r s . S t o r e f l e x i b l e hoses
i n s t r a i g h t l e n g t h s , wherever p o s s i b l e , a s ' c o i l i n g ' produces t e n s i o n i n
t h e o u t s i d e of each c o i l and i n c r e a s e s t h e r i s k of ozone c r a c k i n g . .
70- 22 May 15/70

Page 2
ROLLS-ROYCE E)! A EUT!
MAINTENANCE
AERO E ~ N E
R u b b e r . a n d s y n t h e t i c rubber p a r t s - Shelf l i f e , s t o r a g e and i n s p e c t i o n ( c o n t . )
C. Provide s u f f i c i e n t v e n t i l a t i o n t o prevent condensation b u t p r e v e n t c u r r e n t s

of a i r f r b m c o m i n g i n t o c o n t a c t w i t h t h e s t o r e d p a r t s . Avoid, a s much
a s p o s s i b l e , s o u r c e s of ozone such a s mercury vapour lamps, e l e c t r i c a l
machinery and a n e x c e s s o f outdoor a i r which, i n t e m p e r a t e c l i m a t e s ,
always c o n t a i n s ozone. Ensure t h a t p a r t s a r e s h i e l d e d from d i r e c t
sunlight.
D. S t o r e l i p t y p e s e a l s i n s u c h a manner t h a t damage and d i s t o r t i o n t o t h e

s e a l i n g edge i s avoided, and do not t i e l a b e l s d i r e c t l y t o t h e s e a l s .
Do n o t f i t s e a l i n g r i n g s t o f e r r u l e s o r bobbins u n t i i immediately b e f o r e
i n s t a l l a t i o n i n t o a n e n g i n e o r u n i t a s s t r e t c h i n g and e x p o s u r e t o l i g h t
c a n cause d e t e r i o r a t i o n .
E. Maintain s t o r a g e t e m p e r a t u r e w i t h i n t h e p r e f e r r e d range of 15 t o 21
d e g r e e s C . (59 t o 7 0 d e g r e e s F.) w i t h a minimum of 5 d e g r e e s C. ( 4 1
d e g r e e s F . ) and a maximum of 38 d e g r e e s C. (100 d e g r e e s F . ) , a n d an
a i r r e l a t i v e humidity of 65 p e r c e n t . Store parts a t l e a s t 3 f e e t
from any unscreened s o u r c e of h e a t .
F. If s t o r e d under t h e p r e c e d i n g recommended c o n d i t i o n s t h e s h e l f l i f e of
rubber p a r t s i s v i r t u a l l y unlimited, subject a t s p e c i f i e d i n t e r v a l s i n
c e r t a i n c a s e s t o a m o n i t o r i n g i n s p e c t i o n . For t h i s purpose, rubber
t y p e s have been d i v i d e d i n t o 3 groups.
Group A
Material s p e c i f i c a t i o n
N a t u r a l rubber MS717
These can be s u p p l i e d t o a customer up t o 5 y e a r s from c u r e d a t e . The

subsequent s h e l f l i f e i s u n l i m i t e d , s u b j e c t t o s a t i s f a c t o r y i n s p e c t i o n
( s e e para.4) of a sample of t h e o l d e s t s t o c k a t l e a s t e v e r y 2 y e a r s .
MDa
CIP
RSS
1s2
22 8
I Ref
CTA
70-22
Page 3
ROLLS-RBYCE A E R O EPdGllE
Rubber and s y n t h e t i c rubber p a r t s - Shelf l i f e , s t o r a g e and i n s p e c t i o n ( c o n t . )
Group B
Material specification
Butyl MS 754, 757
E:
.rl
Neoprene (Chloroprene) MS 710, 716 (BS 2752 grade m
C3 o r C41
2.
6
C,
These c a n be s u p p l i e d t o a customer up t o 7 years from c u r e d a t e .
The subsequent s h e l f l i f e i s unlimited, s u b j e c t t o s a t i s f a c t o r y i n s p e c t i o n
2
( s e e para.4) of a sample of t h e o l d e s t s t o c k a t l e a s t every 3 years.
8
E:
.rl
N it r i l e MS 727, 735, 743, 744, 747, 765 a

' a,
MSRR 9454, 9455 C,
E:
BSrn 602 -lI
k
DTD 5509, 5595, 5607 PI
These can be s u p p l i e d t o a customer up t o 1 0 years from c u r e d a t e .

The u l t i m a t e l i f e i s 1 5 years.
Group X .
Silicone
Fluorosilicone
Fluorocarbon (Viton)
Material specification
MS 732, 741, 751, 756, 761, 771
MSRR 9450 (MS 762), 9451 (MS 782),
9452 (MS 766), 9453, 9490
BSEM 608, 534
a JK
DTD 900/4822A, 5543, 5603, 5612, McQ
5613 MDa
CIP
There i s no l i f e l i m i t f o r supply t o a customer o r f o r s t o r a g e . Cure RSS
d a t e marking has been r e t a i n e d only t o a s s i s t s t o c k monitoring. 1s2
228
NOTE: l. Rubber p a r t s i n Groups A and B ( e x c e p t N i t r i l e ) supplied t o a Re f
customer f o r immediate use on e n g i n e s and t h e r e f o r e n o t i n t e n d e d CTA
t o be s t o r e d , may have exceeded t h e c u r e d a t e l i m i t . This i s
a c c e p t a b l e s i n c e the vendors s t o r a g e c o n d i t i o n s a r e c l o s e t o
ideal.
2. M a t e r i a l spec, numbers a r e marked on packaged components only.
4. I n s p e c t i o n of p a r t s
A . Examine p a r t s f o r s i g n s of 'ageing' o r d e g r a d a t i o n due t o oxidation.

This i s shown by s u r f a c e cracks and d e t e r i o r a t i o n . To check, f l e x t h e
p a r t g e n t l y and d i s c a r d i f cracks a r e p r e s e n t before o r a f t e r f l e x i n g .
70-22 Aug. 77.

Page 4
ROLLS-ROYCE &ER0 ENGINE
MAINTENANCE
~ u b b e rand s y n t h e t i c rubber p a r t s - Shelf l i f e , s t o r a g e and i n s p e c t i o n ( c o n t . )
B. Do not a u t o m a t i c a l l y d i s c a r d p a r t s due t o t h e presence of a white o r

coloured 'bloom' on t h e i r s u r f a c e . Such blooms a r e o f t e n d e s i r a b l e
anti-ageing l a y e r s and o r i g i n a t e from t h e a n t i - o x i d a n t s used i n high grade
rubber.
C
~,-l
C , Examine, and d i s c a r d i f f a u l t y , a l l p a r t s f o r :
m
C,
'i-4
k
(1) Permanent d i s t o r t i o n , f l a t s and o t h e r obvious d e f e c t s .
3
J
4'
U
(2) Tackiness o r s u r f ace hardening o r s o f t e n i n g .
B ( 3 ) B l i s t e r i n g , p e e l i n g o r cracks when rubber i s extended o r f l e x e d .
r2
'4
'0
(4) Chafing of o u t e r covering and c o r r o s i o n o f , o r damage t o , end f i t t i n g s
0,
C,
of hose assemblies and c a b l e harnesses.
E
k
P4
( 5 ) Corrosion of metal elements i n bonded rubber t o metal assemblies.
( 6 ) Obstruction of t h e bore ( f l e x i b l e h o s e s ) .
D. P r e s s u r e test f l e x i b l e hoses a s i n s t r u c t e d i n t h e r e l e v a n t s e c t i o n s of t h i s
manual. If i t is e s s e n t i a l t o f i t a f l e x i b l e hose when no f a c i l i t i e s f o r
p r e s s u r e t e s t i n g e x i s t , then t h e hose must be removed f o r t e s t i n g a t t h e
f i r s t a v a i l a b l e opportunity. On completion of p r e s s u r e t e s t i n g , d r a i n t h e
hose, blow through with c l e a n a i r and s e a l t h e ends w i t h blanks.
E. T e s t e l e c t r i c a l c a b l e s and h a r n e s s e s f o r r e s i s t a n c e , leakage and

c o n d u c t i v i t y , a s w e l l a s f o r c h a f i n g of t h e loom and s a t i s f a c t o r y c o n d i t i o n
of t h e end f i t t i n g s , a s i n s t r u c t e d i n t h e r e l e v a n t s e c t i o n s of t h i s manual.
MT
Bmr
MDa
C IP
RSS
CTA
May 15/70 70-22

Pages 5/6
ROLLS-RQYCE DA W AERO ENGINE
RECLAMATION OF GAS TURBINE O I L S
Due to the increased number of approved lubricants, their admixture in service,

different deterioration rates of the same type of oll from different engines and
the unpredictable nature of contamination, the of reclamation &ve become
more complex.
The use of reclaimed synthetic lubricating oils is,therefore, not permissible for
the operation of Dart engines unless the reclamation procedure is approved by
Rolls-Royce Limited..
Operators wishing to take advantage of the reclamation schemes now in hand should
apply to Rolls-Royce Limited.
May 3/61 70-23

Page .l
ROLLS-ROY CE AERO ENGINE
MAINTENANCE
TURBINE FUEL HANDLING AND QUALITY CONTROL
CONTENTS
Page
Mobile refuelling.
Hydrant systems.
Refuelling from drums.
Aircraft refuelling checks.
The engine L.P. filter.
Corrosive sulphur. ' 16
Action to be taken if aircraft contamination or fuel

irregularities are suspect. 19
Water detectors for testing aviation turbine fuels. 21
Glossary. 22
Handling and quality control of Water/Methanol

mixture. 23
Anti-microbiological additives 26
The following fuel handling and quality control procedure has been
compiled by Rolls-Royce in conjuction with certain major Fuel Suppliers
for the guidance of Operators.
70-24
Page 1
R O L L S - R O Y CE AERO E N G I N E
MA1NTENANCE
Turbine f u e l handling and q u a l i t y c o n t r o l ( c o n t . )
INTRODUCTION
Fuel contaminatson can broad1.y be separated i n t o two c a t e g o r i e s ,
water and s o l i d s , e i t h e r organic o r inorganic.
Water
A maximum f r e e and suspended water content of 30 p.p.m. (excess over
s a t u r a t i o n ) can be t o l e r a t e d i n t h e u p l i f t of t u r b i n e f u e l s a s a r e a l i s t i c
P'
f i g u r e recognisable'by t h e a v a i l a b l e f u e l t e s t equipment.
A i r c r a f t and engine f u e l systems a r e designed t o c a t e r f o r l i m i t e d
q u a n t i t i e s of water i n t h e f u e l supply, With f u e l h e a t i n g f i t t e d , t h e engine
w i l l f u n c t i o n s a t i s f a c t o r i l y w i t h a t o t a l maximum water c o n t e n t of 0.025% by
volume, including t h e normal amounts of dissolved water (up t o 0.02% depending
on t h e temperature of t h e f u e l and t h e atmospheric c o n d i t i o n s ) .
The engine may not f u n c t i o n i f s l u g s of water pass i n t o i t , and it i s
obviously not p r a c t i c a l t o c a t e r f o r unlimited q u a n t i t i e s of f r e e o r suspended
water i n t h e f u e l . I t is t h e r e f o r e necessary t o t a k e s t r i n g e n t precautions
t o ensure t h a t f u e l is d e l i v e r e d t o t h e a i r c r a f t f r e e from suspended o r f r e e
w a t e r above a concentration of 30 p.p.m.
Solids
I t i s considered t h a t a t present 1 mg./litre d i r t c o n t e n t i s a workable
maximum f o r f u e l a s d e l i v e r e d t o t h e a i r c r a f t . This is quoted a s an a b s o l u t e
maximum on a worldwide b a s i s assuming t h a t on most occasions f u e l w i l l be
d e l i v e r e d t o a much lower d i r t :&tent. This maximum l i m i t should include
b o t h organic and inorganic m a t t e r s i n c e both a f f e c t t h e engine f u e l system.'
70-24 Apr .5/61

Page 2
Turbine f u e l handling and quality c o n t r o l (cox@,)
A. MOBILE REFUEkLEPI@
1. A i r f i e l d storage tanks
(a) Storage tanks should be -inspected a t i n t e r v a l s of not more than
1 8 months and upon any i n d i c a t i o n s of r u s t contamination (e.g. by
clogging of bulk f i l t e r s a t more frequent i n t e r v a l s t h a n considered
normal) t h e tanks should be drained and scoured i n accordance with

3"
local practice. Change t h e f i l t e r element a s necessary.
(b) It i s desirable t h a t a i r f f e l t j storage tanks should be f i l l e d through
, an adequaite f i l b r ,
( c ) After r e f i l l i n g , t h e f u e l should be allowed t o s e t t l e f o r a s loqg a
period as p o s s i b l e , For tan&@without f l o a t i n g s u c t i o n , a f t e r t h e

*
aisqharg? of f u e l i n t o t h e storage tank, it should be allowed t o
s e t t l e f o r a$ l e a s t 1 hovr per foot of depth of the product i n t h e
Fank before p y withdrawals axy made. Where f l o q t i n g s u c t i o n s a r e
employed, a give-hour ~ i n i m wse$ta%ng t. i m.e should be allowed. After

"
$@$S.f u e l may be drawn off t o a depth of four f e e t below t h e i n i t i a l
,
l
l e v e l of t h e f u e l . The r a t e of withdrawal of f u e l t h e r e a f t e r i s
controlled by t h e need t o permit The f u e l t o be s e t t l e d a t a r a t e of
one f o o t per hour.
(d) Checks f o r f r e e water wust be c a r r i e d out a f t e r t h e s e t t l i n g period,
d a i l y , and a f t e r heavy r a i n , Water detgcting paper o r pagte should
be used f o r t h e s e checks. Since these reagents a r e e f f e c t i v e oply
when brought d i r e c t l y i n t o contact with bulk f r e e water, they should
be applied t o t h e end of a rod o r d i p s t i c k s o t h a t sampli?k i s
Apr. 5/61 70-24

Page 3
MAINTENANCE
Turbine f u e l handling and q u a l i t y control (cont.)
c a r r i e d out a t t h e bottom of t h e tank.
Two t y p i c a l examples of water d e t e c t i n g reagents are:
(i) A water detecting paper which is normally brown, the
presence of water being shown by t h e removal of the
colouring, leaving a white s u r f a c e . Reaction time
i s about 10 seconds.
( i i ) A paste which i s normally green and which i n t h e presence
of water changes t o lavender. Reaction time s h o u l d .
not exceed 10 seconds.
I f water is found it must be drawn off completely from t h e tank.
2. Transfer of f u e l from a i r f i e l d storage tank t o r e f u e l l e r

v
(a) F l o a t i n g suction i s generally employed f o r t h e off-take of f u e l
from s t o r a g e , although i n i s o l a t e d cases bottom suction may
s t i l l be encountered. I n e i t h e r e a s e an e f f i c i e n t water
s e p a r a t o r / f i l t e r is strongly recommended between the storage and
the refueller. If t h i s i s not p o s s i b l e a t t h i s point nominal 5
micron f i l t r a t i o n must be provided. D i f f e r e n t i a l pressure gauges
must be f i t t e d on water separators and/or micro f i l t e r s and
frequent records taken. Drain t h e water separator sumps d a i l y .
Regular checks should a l s o be made t o ensure f l o a t i n g suction is
operating correctly.
(b) With e i t h e r method of offtake f u e l should not be taken a t l e s s than
nine inches from t h e bottom of t h e tank t o ensure t h a t any water o r
s o l i d contaminant which has s e t t l e d out w i l l not be t r a n s f e r r e d
t o the refueller.
70-24 . Apr. 5/61

Page 4
MAINTENANCE
Turbine fuel handling and qaaPity control (cont.)
0
(c) Closed circuit filling should be used, wherever possible, but where
this is not provided the filler orifice on the refueller should be
shrouded to prevent ingress of water and foreign matter.
(d) Bottom loading should be enployed wherever possible alternatively
the fAl1es pipe from the storage should discharge at the bottom of
the refueller tank.
3, Aircraft refueller
(a) The refueller should be allowed, where practicable, to.standfor
at least 10 minutes after being refuelled to allow contaminants to
settle out.
(b) A sample of at least one gallon of fuel should be drained from the
refueller at full flush into a clean and dry clear glass container
and then a contamination check carried out. The sample should be
taken from the sump of the refueller, where fi$ted. In the case of
compartmented refuellers, the sample should be taken from the drain
point in each compartment.
--
Solids If contamination is visible in the glass container, sampling
must be repeated until the acceptable standard is acheived.
Free water
_7__C_
- Should be detected by the use of water detecting media,
such as paste, paper or suitable types of chemical detector.
Suspended water may be indicated by a cloudy appearance of the
sample. It is of assistance to have available a sealed vessel of the
same type as is being used for the sampling, and containing clean,
bright, fuel; for purposes 0% comparison. The sample should always be
viewed under standard conditions, preferably against a black background,
Apr .5/61 70-24

Page 5
MABWTEMANCE
Turbine fuel handling and quaPEty control (cont.)
and at night, with a torch held so as to shine through the sample
at right: angles to the line of sight. Chemical detectors are available
and will give more positive indication sf suspended water. These should
be used in addition to visual detection. Recommended types of chemical
detector are described later in this section,
(c) In the event of free water being found, the refueller should be
driven in order to agitate the fuel and then allowed to stand for a
period of l8 minutes when another water check should be made,
and the procedure repeated until the fuel sample 2s free of water.
(d) In the event of suspended water being found, the fuel load must be
rejected.
(e) Following either (6) ~s (d) above the source of the con$amination
must be investigated.
4. Transfer of fuel from refueller to aircraft
(a) Should an Operator wish for an independent check for water
contamination, it is recommended that this be carried out before
refuelling commences. Refuelling should only commence after fuel
has been shown to be free from water.
(b) A 5 micron (nominal) filter or filter/separator should be fitted
to the delivery side of the refueller.
(c) Dust covers on refuelling nozzles or connections should not
be removed until immediately prior to the transfer of fuel and
replaced as soon as transfer is completed.? Dust covers, shrouds
and nozzles must not be allowed to trail on the ground.
70-24 Apr.5/61
Page 6
ROLLS-wow A E W O EMGIWE
Tyrbine f u e l handling and q u a l i t y c o n t r o l (cont.)
(d) When overwing r e f u e l l i n g is c a r r i e d 09% $he a i r c r a f t f i l l e r
o r i f i c e should be shrouded t o #k-event ingress of water o r
foreign matter.
(e) The most d e s i r a b l e check point f o r d i r t c o n t m i n a t i o n of f u e l i s
where the f u e l i s delivered t o the a i r c r a f t , I f an Operator wishes
t o make a faall f l u s h check i t Should be done a t this location.
5. General
(a) A l l equipment should be kept scrupulously clean.
(b) Whenever new equipment (e.g. storage tanks o r r e f u e l l e r s ) i s
brought i n t o use, major r e p a i r s c a r r i e d out, o r t h e grade of
f u e l i n use i s changed (e.g. kerosine o r wide-cut) p a r t i c u l a r c a r e
should be taken i n hagdlling t h e f u e l and making t h e q u a l i t y checks.
Since under these conditions t h e r e i s a g r e a t e r tendency f o r any
r u s t t h a t i s present t o be dislodged, micronic f i l t e r d i f f e r e n t i a l
pressures should be c a r e f u l l y watched, and t h e f i l t e r back flushed
or t h e element chahged, according t o type, as soon as t h e
recommended s a f e maximum pressure d i f f e r e n t i a l i s reached.
( c ) I t is important t h a t r e l w a t i o n of precautions should not be
allowed t o occur a t m y time because, f o r elr(ample, over a period
of several months no evidence of contamination has been found.
I t is equally important t h a t t h e r e should be no seasonal changes
i n t h e procedures, a s , salthough a i r c r a f t f u e l system i c i n g due t o
water contanination is more o f t e n met with i n winter, contamination
of any s o r t can be equally dangerous during t h e swnmer months, and i t
should be remembered t h a t , on many a i r c r a f t , f u e l cooling i n f l i g h t
Apr. 5/61 70-24

Page 7
Turbine f u e l handling and q u a l i t y control (cont.)
w i l l give f u e l temperatures w e l l below zero throughout t h e year.
B. HYDRANT SYSTEMS
1, A i r f i e l d Hydrant Depot
The same precautions apply here a s described f o r a i r f i e l d storage tanks'
under AsPO I t should be noted however t h a t hydrant systems a r e even
more c r i t i c a l than other types i n view of t h e d i f f i c u l t i e s involved i n
contamination removal,
2. Hydrant Pipe Line
(a) F l o a t i n g suction should be used f o r t h e off-take of f u e l from
s t o r a g e with an e f f i c i e n t water separator between t h e storage
and t h e pipe line, D i f f e r e n t i a l pressure gauges o r water
s e p a r a t o r equipment s h o u l d b e checked frequently and water sumps

I
drained d a i l y . Floating s u c t i o n m u s t be checked a t regular
intervals.
(b) Fuel should not be taken a t l e s s than nine inches from t h e bottom
of t h e tank, t o ensure t h a t any water o r s o l i d contaminant which
has s e t t l e d out w i l l not be t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e pipe l i n e .

w-
( c ) The pipe l i n e should be graded down t o a sump o r sumps.
b
rt
(d) A d a i l y contamination check should be made from t h e pipe l i n e sump
F
U
o r sumps. A t l e a s t one gallon of f u e l should be drained off a t
t h e maximum r a t e possible, i n t o a c l e a n and dry c l e a r g l a s s c o n t a i n e r ,

e
C
. ensuring t h a t t h i s sample is r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e contents of t h e

.. .
' .
sump. The sample should then be t e s t e d f o r water ' and so!.!.ds a s .
previously described.
70-24 Apr. 5/61

Page 8
ROLLS-RQYCE AEWQ EWGIWE
a Turbine fuel handling and qugbliky control '(cont.)'
(e) In the event of contamination being found, the source of
contamination should be established and cleared before the
hydrant is returned to service,
Df spensing Unit
(a) A daily check should be made from the draining points on the
dispenser, as previously described for rePuelPers (14.3 (b) ),
(b) If any serious contamination is found, use of the hydrant should
be discontinued and the dispenses withdrawn from service until the
source 3s discovered and eliminated.
(c) In view of the fact that there is no intermediate settling period
between storage and aircraft, as in the case of mobile refuellers,
particular care must be exercised in the checking of hydrant systems.
(d) It is essential to make further checks from the dispenser during
or immediately after each refuelling operation.
Transfer of fuel from dispenser to aircraft
The same recommendations as for mobile refuellers (A.4) apply,
General
7
(a) All equipment should be kept scrupulously clean.
(b) Whenever new installatioes are brought into use, major repairs
carried out, or the grade of fuel changed in a hydrant system,
fuel should be circulated through the system, with suitable
filters in circuit, to flush out and drain the system of solid
contaminants or water. This re-circulating should continue
until the product is clear. In addition during the early life
of the system, particular attention should be paid to the
Apr.5/61 70-24
Page 9
4
ROLLS-ROY CE DART
MAINTENANCE
A E R O ENGINE
Tprbine fuel handling and quality control (cont.)
beha~iourofmicronicfilters and the filter elements should be
changed as necessary.
(c) The recommendation of A.5 (c) regarding relaxation of precautions
is particularly emphasized in regard to hydrant installations
because of the iack of an intermediate settling period between
storage and aircraft .

C. REFUELLING FROM DRUMS
1. General
(a) Refuelling aircraft from drums, barrel , cans or other containers

is not a recommended procedure. At certain outlaying airfields,
however, it is occasionally necessary to refuel directly from this
type of container.
(b) Drum stored fuel should always be treated as suspect, Hence
extraordinary precautions are necessary to eliminate water p d
solid contamination of the fuel.
2. Drum Construction and Material
Drums used for storing aviation turbine fuel should be constructed of
plain drum steel, preferably lined with an approved lacquer which is
unaffected by fuel or water contamination, though when this is done care F

U
must be taken to ensure that the lacquer does not flake off if a drum k
C
should become dented. Galvanized interiors should never be used,
although the exterior may be galvanized to prevent kust.
3. Storage
(a) Drums should be stored preferably under cover off-theground and on
l
70-24 Apr.5/61
Page 10
Turbine f u e l handling an q u a l i t y ~ o n t r 0 1( c o n t o ] .
t h e i r s i d e s wkLh a l l b m S benea$h the product l e v e l aad in such a
manner that they are v i s i b l e and accessible, t~ ppevent -rain water
from e n t e r i n g through fau%kgrbwgs,
(b) ~ a ' c hg r a d e and bateh of fuel should be segregated and be
prom&ently l a b e l l e d , and shouad be w e d on a ' f g r s t in - first out'
basis. 1
(c) A d a i l y check f o r leaks should be carraed out, and leaking drums
should preferably be returned t o %he Fgel Supplier f o r passing
through h i s quality c o n t r o l procedures. Where t h i s is impossible
t h e checks described Ba papa. (2.4 should be c a r r i e d out and t h e
contents if s a t i s f a c t o r y decanted Anto sound drums.
(d) The drum markings should be Inspected frequently f o r l e g i b i l i t y .

, ,
(e) sknPles f o r laboratory analysis should be drawn not l a t e r than 12 l

. , i
months f r ~ m , t h fe i l l i n g d a t e and sabsequewtly a t i n t e r v a l s of not ' .
i
more than 6 mon-2;klso 1l
4. ?re-f u e l l i n g operations
(p) P r i o r t o r e f u e l l i n g , a l l the, drums required f o r a p a r t i c u l a r
operation should be r o l l e d out and placed i n p o s i t p m , c l o s e ts

II
t h e parked a i r c r a f t or where it w i l l be parked, b p g s uppermost.
( b ) Sparks may be caused when drums a r e moved, hence because of Lbe
p a s s i b l e presence of inflawannable or explosive f u e l vapour,
unnecessary movement of d s w during r e f u e l l i n g should not be
permitted. If movement Is e s s e n t i a l t h i s should be c a r r i e d out
with c a r e ,
Apr. 5/61
L
ROLLS-ROYCE INUXIf AERO ENGINE
T p b i n e f u e l handling and quality c o n t r o l (cont.)
(c) The f u e l should then be allowed t o settle f o r a s long a s
a n d . i n any case not less than PO minutes, before checking commences.
(d) A s t h e bung is removed from each drum a free water check should be
made by means of water detecting poste o r paper on t h e end of a rod
t o sample t h e l i q u i d a t t h e bottom of the barrel,:(see gara.
A 1 c 1. If possible, a sample should be d r a m off by thhf
pump o r p l a s t i c tube and submitted t o a visual check f o r colour and
s o l i d contaminants and v i s u a l and chemical check f o r suspended water
(see para.A.3 (b) ).
(e) If f r e e water o r s o l i d contaminant is found, . i t . s h o u l d be drawn off ,,
and t h e contents.of t h e drum decanted i n t o a clean and dry container,
which should then be allowed t o s e t t l e . Before use c a r r y out
check (d) again.
(f) If suspended water is found, t h e drum should be r e j e c t e d , removed
t o a location where it is unlikely t o be used by mistake, -and t h e
grade markings cancelled, t h e batch code being retained. .
The source of contamination should be investigated i n order t o
prevent possible recurrence..
( g ) After the contaminant checks have been carried out, t h e bungs
should be replaced u n t i l a drum is actually required f o r refuelling.
(h) Note t h a t it i s extremely important t o check each individual drum, .

as there i s no guarantee t h a t any particular batch of drums is f r e e
from contaminants.
. - ,, ,
7Q-24
Page l 2
Turbine f u e l handling and quality control (cont. ) . .'
(a) The fuel should be withdrawn from the drums by means of a drum
standpipe made of brass, o r steel sheathed w i t h copper or brass.
The pipe should have the bottom end cut dff a t an angle such t h a t
the bottom 3 i n . of the drum contents w i l l not be withdrawn, and
should f i t t h e bunghole-?,or be provided with a shroud t o cover the
bunghole.
(b) The standpipe should be connected t o a s u i t a b l e hand o r power-
operated pump, which should then deliver through a 5-micron
(nominal) f i l t e r and thence t o the delivery nozzle which should
shroud t h e f i l l e r neck. The pump should be s i t u a t e d close t o
t h e drums and not on the a i r c r a f t wing.
(c) If a mlcronic f i l t e r is not available, some protection is
afforded by delgvering t o the a i r c r a f t f i l l e r v i a a chamo$s

'
leather or nylon c l o t h f i l t e r , which should.shroud the f i l l e r
neck. This should, however, only be considered as a l a s t r e s o r t ,
6. Bonding
Before r e f u e l l i n g commences it is e s s e n t i a l t h a t e l e c t r i c a l continuity
throughout the system from drum t o a i r c r a f t is ensured. This is
normally obtainable as follows:
(a) Provision of a bonding c l i p connecti,on between standpipe and barrel.
(b) E l e c t r i c a l continuity through hoses and pumping equipment.
( c ) Provision of a bonding cable on the pumping equipment, the cable t o
be connected t o t h e a i r c r a f t s t r u c t u r e before taking out the delivery

i
hose.
!
Apr .@31
.
I
‘) ,:
,,'
I' Turbine fuel handling and quality control (cont.)
\
(d) Filling nozzles and funnels, . if umd, to be provided with bo@ing
clips to ensuS cont$nuity
froan'~~~llb,tbrouglr"td,,airaraft structure.
:'
:':..,s ~,
r !: ri’l, I1, ,.,'
,, ,i , I’:, ,, 1 :‘,
Re-use of druw ‘.‘,’?,,
/‘.j I.
St is strongly recommendedthat dr&iWshould. not be!%%-useidfor av'+-&on
fuel unless re:submitted'to the Rief"LSuppl~er6~ clea&g
., , procedures. if,
however, circumst&?es dw that ;%h&y:'must~~'thee'~c@lbl;;ingprecaut'jions
.
should be observed.
(a) Before x-e-filling, .the drums should be cleaned and carefully
examined internal'ly for good condition and freedom from
contamination.
(b) New',bung washer8 should be used after re-filling.
(c) Previous markings on the drum, if different from the product
an hand, should be destroyed, and new markings stencilled on.
(d) Under no circumstances should a drum previously used for any
other products be Fe-used for aviation fuel.
AIRCRAFTRRFURLLIKiCRRCKEI ,
(a) Before and after refuelling has been c&pleted it is

recommendedthat a water drain ch&k should be &de at the
aircraft, checking samples from all relevant drain points. This is
particularly important where aircraft tururounds are of short
duration and settlfng time after refuelling may consequently be
inadequate. whre porsible at least 20 minutes should'elapse before.
:
sampling. I
(b) Free water should be detected by means of paper or paste or
.
,: ‘-
Apr .W61
‘I,,‘, .’
.:, , * ,,
,” Page 14
ROLLS-RQKCE WEWO EMCBWE
Turbine fuel handling and quality control (cont.)
suitable types of chemical detector and suspended water by
visual and chemical means (see par%.A.3 (b).).
(c) If free water is found, continue to draw off samples until the
fuel is free from water.
(d) suspended water i s found, the must be established.

'M
'fi Cloudihess of Ithe fuel samples caused by precipitation from
'4
solution when the warm fuel meets the cold fuel may be disregarded
C,
fi
4
provided that it has been establtshed that the previous and the
Li '
P,
present upli.ft are free of water.
E. THE ENGINE L.P. FILTER
. Because of the very high rat$ng of the engine L.P. filter and the
Rolls-Royce policy not to pe-rmit a by-pass which might allow
unfiltered fuel to reach and contaminate the engine fuel system, the
engine filter is not designed to hold large mounts of cumulative dirt

m.
but is only +ntended to cope with smqPl amounts of dirt normally
. d
encountered in the average aircraft system or a sudden emergency of
19 short duration. In addition it is intended to give a final polish up to

cd
" 9
S already clean, dry fuel. It does, however, provide the last line of
defence in combating contamination and provides a valuable guide to the
?perator in the assessment of fuel quality. From the point of view of
the engine it is considered that the LP. filter is one of the best k n o w
indicators of fuel on$minatdon or of breakdown in the airport shpply
system and for this reason, where contamination is thought to exist,
Laboratory examination of engine filter elements will often give a useful
Apr. 5/61 70-24

Page 15
MAINTENANCE
Turbine f u e l handling. and q u a l i t y control (cont.)

l
legd t o t h e source of breakdown. I t must be accepted tfoat t h e lower
t h e f u e l standard the more frequent must be t h e engine L.P. f u e l f i l t e r
changes,
F, CORROSIVE SULPHUR
1
I t is known t h a t corrosive sulphur i n aviation f u e l can cause serious
damage t o a i r c r a f t and turbine engine f u e l system components, particularly
f u e l pumps. TIP general t h i s formation i s associated with unsatisfactory

etorage c o n d i t i o p , inadequate f u e l handling and q u a l i t y control and
climatic gnvironment, t h e danger beiqg g r e a t e s t i n warmer climates. The
following notes a r e given a s a guide t o i d e n t i f i c a t i o n 0%corrosive
sulphur i n f u e l , t h e cause of fqnqation and means of testing.
General
.. ,
Corrosive sulphur can form i n aviation f u e l s t o r e d i n contirct with
water i n which a c t i v e sulphate reducing bsrcteraa i s present. This is
most l i k e l y t o occur i n storage tanks o r bulk containers which have

.
deteriorated due t o inadequate cleaning and maintenance.
The bacteria causing t h e formation of corrosive sulphur i n stored
f u e l t h r i v e i n stagnant, '*aerated water, p a r t i c u l a r l y i f t h e water
. contains sludge and decaying organic matter. These bacteria, i n t h e i r
l i f e cycle, give rise t o sulphides, such a s sulphuretted hydrogen, the . 13

b
greatest reaction being when t h e water temperature is higher than 25%.
and i n contact with iron. Activity is equally v i r u l e n t i n s a l t o r . . .
f r e s h water and can p e r s i s t i n sludge.

. . .. .
Dangerous p o l l u t i o n can occur i n a r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l quantity of water
70-24
Page 16
RoLLs-Roy cE BA W T m m
MA! WVENANCB
Em,HE
Turbine.~,fuel
handliqg and quality control (cont.)
or sludge the degree being directly related to the clegmlings$ of the
storage tank. The greatest rate of fuel contamination occurs with only
a sma4l quantity of fuel in the tank and this condition showld be regarded
as the most dangerous.
If foy any reason the presence of corrosive sulpkgw in fuel.
installations Be suspect, the following tests should be applied.
1. Method of checking for sulphides
The method of testing a tank for the presence of sulphides is to take
a sample of the water and sludge from the bottom of the tank, acidify
the water and check for the evolution of hydrogen sulphide by the.use
of a lead acetate paper.
The sample should be taken in a clean, sterile, dark glass bottle;
a metal container must not be used. . In all probabality the sample
will consist of water and fuel, therefore, before carrying out the
test for sulphides, the fuel must be removed from the s&ple.
The test should be carried out with as little delay as possible after
taking the sample, ta the following method:
1. Shake the sample so that any sediment will be suspended in the
water. This is essential as the sediment may consist of iron
sulphide
\
produced by sulphate-reducing bacteria.
'2. Transfer PO0 ml. of the waterdsediment suspension to a conical
flask of 200 ml. capacity.

. . . .
the flask 20 m31. of a 10%.solution of dilute sulphuric
3. Add.,.to
,
acid and immediately place in the neck of the flask a lead
Apr .5/6l 70-24

. . Page 17
I_'
MAINTENANCE
Turbine f u e l handling and q u a l i t y c o n t r o l (cont.)
a c e t a t e paper folded t o t h e shape of a V
4. Bring t h e water t o t h e b o i l , and continue t o b o i l it gently f o r l
t h r e e t o four minutes.
If t h e lead a c e t a t e paper t u r n s black o r brown, sulphides a r e present
i n t h e sample.
2. Method of t e s t i n g f u e l i n bulk storage
The f u e l should be subjected t o a copper s t r i p corrosion test f o r 2
hours a t 100°c. i n accordance with t h e l a t e s t issue of t h e American
Society f o r Testing Materials (A.S.T.M.) Method D.130, Paragraph 71(b),
o r I n s t i t u t e of Petroleum (I.P.) Method 154, Procedure ' C ' . The
current editions of these documents a r e D.130-56, and 154/58
respectively.
Attention should be paid t o t h e following points:
1. The f u e l sample should be drawn from t h e lower half 'of t h e tank
i n a clean, dark, glass b o t t l e , and every precaution taken t o
s h i e l d i f from strong n a t u r a l l i g h t . Do not use a metal
container f o r t h i s purpose. No undue delay,should occur
between taking t h e sample and making t h e t e s t .
2. I f t h e copper s t r i p test r e s u l t is worse than C l a s s i f i c a t i o n
No.1 of e i t h e r t h e A.S.T.M. Method o r t h e I.P. Method, t h e
f u e l should be r e j e c t e d as unfit f o r use and removed from t h e
tank. When t h e f u e l has been removed, the tank f r e e d of gas,
and t h e usual s a f e t y precautions taken, t h e tank should be
cleaned bjr &raping, w i r e brushing, and i f p r a c t i c a l , shot '
blasting a l l i n t e r i o r surfaces t o remove a l l loose r u s t and
deposits ;
.'...':
70-24 Apr. 5/61
Page 18
a Turbine f u e l handling and q u a l i t y c o n t r o l (cont.)
Even i f t h e corrosion test indicatee t h a t t h e f u e l i s f i t f o r its
intended use,the tank mus.s&s t i l l be - t e s t e d f o r f r e e water and sludge.
Any water and sludge found should be removed, and t e s t e d immediately
f o r sulphides a s described. Hf sulphides a r e found, t h e f u e l should
be removed immediately and stored in a clean tank, and t h e polluted
tank should be cleaned, a s soon a s possible, as o u t l i n e d in paragraph
2. If no sulphides a r e found, a l l f r e e water and sludge should be
removed from the t a n k , even though i n t h e f i r s t i n s t a n c e t o do t h i s
may n e c e s s i t a t e cleaning t h e tank.
Once a tank has been t e s t e d and found t o be s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r the
storage of f u e l , o r cleaned t o make it so, it i s e s s e n t i a l t o ensure
t h a t n e i t h e r d i r t nor water subsequently e n t e r t h e f u e l . Under
a i r f i e l d conditions it is d i f f i c u l t to prevent a small quantity of
water g e t t i n g i n t o bulk storage tanks, but t h i s q u a n t i t y can, and must,
be kept t o a m i m i m ~by adequate safeguards a s already d e t a i l e d .
Shere t h e presence of corrosive sulphur has been confirmed o r is
suspect i t , i s e s s e n t i a l t h a t i n addition t o t h e normal Quality
Control Standard f u e l i n storage must be checked, a t monthly
i n t e r v a l s , as described i n pasa.2.
G. ACTION TO BE TAKEN IF AIRCRAET CONTIPMINATION OR ]FUEL IRREGULARITIES
ARE SUSPECT
Much evidence i n t h e p a s t has been l o s t o r destroyed by incorrect
procedures i n .sampling and recording incidents of contamination.
A p r . 5/61 70-24
Page 19
Turbine f u e l handling and quality control (cont.)
The following notes are given f o r t h e guidance of those immediately
concerned i n such incidents.
1. Samples must be taken a t a l l a i r c r a f t and engine drain points. These
must be c o l l e c t e d d i r e c t l y i n t o clem g l a s s eomtaisaers 302 not less than
1 quart s i z e . These containers mst imedia-ijely be s i f e e t i v e l y
sealed and retained.
2. Where contamination i s ccsnfimed,repeat sampling must be niade u n t i l
e i t h e r t h e contamination is cleared o r confirmed a s being extensive.
3. When engine L.P. f i l t e r s are removed c a r e should be taken t o c o l l e c t
a l l f u e l from the f i l t e r housing i n t o a clean g l a s s container
which should a% once be s e a l e d
4. L.P. f i l t e r elements must immediately on removal be placed i n ' a
polythene bag and sealed t o r e t a i n a l l mwfsture. On no account must
these elements be handled ss l e f t t o dry.
5. ~ n ' t h eevent of water being found i n L.P. f i l t e r housings it is most
important t h a t the source of t h i s i s defined and checks made on a l l
f u e l tank drains.
&a
3
6. A c a r e f u l record should be mad6 of each action taken and i t s r e s u l t s , h
M
t h i s should a l s o include d e t a i l s of f u e l supply, method used, i . e .

. c+
truck o r hydrant a t l a s t u p l i f t and t h e f u l l e s t possible d e t a i l s on
any items which might indicate i r r e g u l a r i t y .
7. A l l samples must, on removal, be c l e a r l y and indelibly labelled with

'
f u l l d e t a i l s , date, engine number, p o s i t i o n , hours operated, location
of incident and any other data which may be relevant.
70-24
Page 20
Turbine fuel handling and quality con%sol (cont.)
H. WATER DETECTORS FOR TESTING AVIATION TURBIESE FUELS
The detection of undissolved water in fuel in the form of a suspension
of very fine Proplets or 'haze' can er some circumstances be very

difficult by visual inspection, and certain fuel companies have
developed chemical detectors to give more positive indication of
suspended water.
Either of the following two such devices is recommended for use in
addition to visual inspection.
(a) A 'Detector Unita developed by the Shell Tkornton Reserch Centre
consists of a small element of filter paper, sensitized with chemicals
and mounted in a plastic head. This is made to fit the 'Record'
taper of a standard 5 ml. hypodermic syringe.
If suspended water is present in the fuel sample, the exposed centre
portion of the filter paper undergoes a chemical reaction, causing a
distinctive colour change in contrast to the outer rim of the paper.

'
This change.varieswith the ratio of suspended water present in the
sample, detector indication ranging from 0.003% wt. to 0.01% wt. at
which stage the dye-content is fully saturated.
The unit and instruction can be obtained from:
Shell Aviation Department,

St. Helen's Court,
Gt.St. Helen's Street,
WDON, E.C.3.
Nylon unbreakable hypoqermic syringes 5 ml. size suitable for use
with the Shell detector are obtainable from:
Charles F. Thackray Limited,

Park Street,
LEEDS
Apr.5/61
MAINTENANCE .
.
Turbine f u e l handling a i d qual$.ty con%rol (cont.)
(b) A 'Hydrokit' developed by the Esso Research and Engineering Company
is a simple 'go-no go' %est. I t employs an extremely s e n s i t i v e
colour indicator c a l i b r a t e d f o r 30p.p.m. of water. I f t h e indicator
changes colour t h e sample FAIJS: water c~ncentseatiomis 30p.p.m. o r
above. I f it doesn't change colour the sample PASSES: water '
concentration is below 30p.p.m.
The Hydrokit package consists of 25'standard j a r s , 25 capsules of
indicator, and a set of instructions. Tpe i n d i c a t a r capsules are
contained i n one of the j a r s , which a l s o contains a desiccant to
keep the capsules dry. Such a package contains everything necessary
f o r 25 f u e l samplings.
For locations where f ~ e q u e n t.testing is anticipated, a second
Hydrobit package is available. I t canatains 25 j a r s , w$th each j a r
containing 25 capsules - enough f o r 625 samplings.
The jars may be used over and over again i f due c a r e is observed i n
cleaning and drying them.
The Hydrskit and i n s t r u c t i o n can be obtained from any Esso Aviation
petroleum service. '
Dissolved water is t h a t which is soluble i n f u e l and which i s only
detectable by laboratory t e s t s .
Suspended water i s water i n extremely f i n e droplet form which remains
suspended i n the f u e l f o r periods i n excess of 10 minutes.
Free water is water i n such a form t h a t it r e a d i l y separates.
70-24 Apr. 5/61.

Page 22
MAINTENANCE
a Turbine f u e l handling and q u a l i t y control (cont.)
K. HANDLING AND QUALITY COHTROL OF WATER-NETWOL MIXTURE
Pn conjunction with some major o i l csmpapies $he Ppllowing notes have
been prepared f o r operators' guidance.
1. Container Materials
Containers for e i t h e r methanol o r bater-methanol mixture should be
constructed of s t a i n l e s s s t e e l , g l a s s , Monel metal o r other
corrosion-resistant materials which canqot a f f e c t the prqduct.
Plain drum s t e e l i s s u i t a b l e f o r methanol f o r limited storage, but
should not be used f o r t h e mixture.
Galvanized mild s t e e l containers should never be used.

1
2. Storage pf Drum Stocks (Blended o r Unblended)
(a) Drums should be stored preferably under cover off t h e
ground and on t h e i r s i d e s wlth a l l bungs beneath t h e product
l e v e l and i n such a manner t h a t they are visible and
accessible.
(b) They should.be segregated i n l o t s according t o the batch
numbers and should be used on a 'first i n - first out' basis.
Each batch should be prominently labelled.
(c) A daily inspection should be carried out t o check f o r leaks,
and leaking d r should

~ be decanted i n t o sound drums, or t h e
bungs re-lightened with new washers.
(d) The drum end markings should be inspected frequently f o r
legibility.
Apr. 5/61 70-24

Page 23
ROLLS-RBYCE V
MAINTENANCE
' ,ER0 EMGiHE
3. Blending
(a) Before blending both the methanol and water should be checked
for compliance with Rolls-Royce Specification No. AEP-1-W/M
(latest issue). After blending, check that the specific
gravity is within the required range and that the product is
bright and clear.
(b) It is advisable to blend only the minimum supplies necessary
for a period of one or two weeks in order to avoid the risk
of the mixture going off specification.
(c) All containers used during blending should be scrupulously
clean and checked for freedom from solid or liquid contaminants.
To prevent contam$nants from entering the containers, blending
should not take place in the open or in a dusty atmosphere.
. Dispensgng Equipment
(a) All dispensing equipment should be manufactured from corrosion-
resistant materials, and where pumping or compressed air units
aye employed, a 10-micron (nominal) filter should be fitted.
(p) If band filling from cans is being employed, delivery should be
affected through a funnel fitted.with a suitable corrosion-
~esistantscreen, not coarser than 200 mesh.,
5. Delivery to Aircraft
(a) The mixture should be checked for specific gravity within 24
hours before delivery; where the mixture is held in dispensers,
a daily check of specific gravity should be made.
70-24 Apr.5/61
Page 24
ROLLS-ROYCE DkUX?
MAINTENANCE
A E R O ENGINE
(b) Dust covers on replenishing nozzles or couplings should not be
removed until immediately prior to delivery and should be
replaced immediately afterwards.
( c ) Where over-wing filling is being employed, it is MOST

IMPORTANT to ensure that the correct filler cap is opened
and that water/methanol mixture is not delivered to the
fuel tanks.
(d) Over-wing filling nozzles or funnels should shroud the
filler orifice to prevent the entry of contaminants, and the
filler cap should be removed only immediately prior to
replenishing and replaced and locked immediately afterwards.
6. Markings
All containers and dispensing equipment should be prominently
marked to stress the need for care in handling.
7. Safety Precautions
(a) All personnel concerned with the handling of methanol should
be made aware of the dangers involved. It is extremely l
irritating to the eyes and skin, poisonous if taken internally,

, i
and highly inflammable. It will also strip paint surfaces.
(b) If water/methanol is spilt, either on an aircraft or elsewhere,
flush generously with water and then clean up the residue.
(c) Smoking should not be permitted where methanol is used or
stored.
(d) Personnel should prevent direct contact with the skin and
Apr.5/61 70-24 I
Page 25
-- - p p
i
R O L L S - R O Y CE R
MAINTENANCE
A E R O ,,,,NE
Turbine f u e l handling and q u a l i t y c o n t r o l ( c o n t . )
. avoid b r e a t h i n g t h e vapours. Should methanol be splashed on

t h e s k i n , it should be washed o f f immediately, and i f
I
c l o t h i n g becomes contaminated i t should be changed. I t is

p r e f e r a b l e f o r personnel handling methanol t o wear p r o t e c t i v e
clothing. Handling should be c a r r i e d out o n l y i n w e l l
ventilated areas.
(e) I f methanol should be swallowed, give a t a b l e s p o o n f u l of s a l t

i n a g l a s s of barm w a t e r and r e p e a t u n t i l vomit i s c l e a r .
Give two t e a s p o o n f u l s of bicarbonate of soda i n a g l a s s of water.
Lay p a t i e n t down i n f r e s h a i r and keep warm, cover eyes t o
exclude l i g h t .
(f) If methanol should g e t i n t h e eyes, immediately f l u s h with

water f o r a t l e a s t 15 minutes.
(g) In both c a s e s ( e ) and ( f ) c a l l a doctor immediately.
L. ANTI-MICROBIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES
1. Purpose
Aviation t u r b i n e f u e l s contain spores of many m i c r o b i a l

U
'C
s p e c i e s which can propagate i n t h e presence of w a t e r a t C-'
t h e c o r r e c t temperature range, . i d e a l l y 25 t o 35 deg. C . The

presence of m i c r o b i o l o g i c a l growths can be i n s t r u m e n t a l i n
.
C)
causing s e v e r e c o r r o s i o n i n t h e a i r c r a f t f u e l t a n k s r e s u l t i n g .rn
C-'
i n engine f i l t e r blockage. .
.!a
'd
The obvious s o l u t i o n t o t h i s problem is t o prevent t h e f u e l

becoming contaminated by water during s t o r a g e ( s e e A. 1.) and
by routine. a i r c r a f t d r a i n checks, but t h e r e w i l l be occasions
when a i r c r a f t f u e l tanks become i n f e s t e d with m i c r o b i a l
growths and a b i o c i d e is required t o e l i m i n a t e t h e growths and
thus prevent c o r r o s i o n . In t h e s e circumstances allowing t h a t
t h i s i s an a i r c r a f t problem which may sometimes a f f e c t t h e
engine, t h e t r e a t m e n t s described i n ' 3 . Usage' a r e permitted
s u b j e c t t o t h e p r e s c r i b e d ' l i m i t a t i o n s being maintained.
70-24 J a n . 30/69,
Page 26
ROLLS-ROYCE *ER0 ENGINE
MAINTENANCE
Turbine f u e l h a n d l i n g and q u a l i t y c o n t r o l ( c o n t . )
2. Description
A. Methyl C e l l o s o l v e
Methyl C e l l o s o l v e i s t h e synonym f o r E t h y l e n e Glycol Mono

Methyl E t h e r
-
NOTE: F u e l t o s p e c i f i c a t i o n s D.Eng.R.D.2453 and 2454, and
A u s t r a l i a n , New Zealand and French E q u i v a l e n t s , c o n t a i n
E t h y l e n e Glycol Mono Methyl E t h e r .
B. Biobor JF
3. Usage
A. Methyl C e l l o s o l v e
The use of Methyl C e l l o s o l v e i n c u r s no f l i g h t r e s t r i c t i o n s .

I t may be added t o t h e f u e l i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s between 0.15 t o
0 . 2 5 p e r c e n t by volume, t h e lower c o n c e n t r a t i o n b e i n g employed
on a continuous usage o r an i n t e r m i t t e n t b a s i s t o p r e v e n t
c o n t a m i n a t i o n i n known problem a r e a s . The maximum concent r a t i o n
i s i n t e n d e d t o be used a s ' s h o c k ' t r e a t m e n t a t a i r c r a f t
maintenance p e r i o d s .
In a l l c a s e s t h e f u e l may be burned i n t h e e n g i n e , always

p r o v i d e d t h a t it i s n o t contaminated w i t h m i c r o b i a l d e b r i s .
B. Biobor J F
The u s e of Biobor JF is p e r m i t t e d s u b j e c t t o t h e p r e s c r i b e d
limitations.
I t may be used on an i n t e r m i t t e n t o r non-continuous basis a t a

c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n f u e l n o t e x c e e d i n g 270 p a r t s p e r m i l l i o n (ppm)
(20 ppm oro on) a s a ' s h o c k ' o r p r e v e n t i v e t r e a t m e n t a t
a i r c r a f t maintenance o r p r e s c r i b e d time i n t e r v a l s , e . g. t h r e e
months o r 600 h o u r s . I t is p r e f e r r e d t h a t f u e l w i t h thA a d d i t i v e
i n s u c h c o n c e n t r a t i o n should n o t be burned i n t h e e n g i n e , b u t
i f i t is n e c e s s a r y t o do s o t h e volume consumed must be minimal.
J a n . 3O/69 70-24
Page. 27
MAINTENANCE
A E R O ENGINE
Turbine f u e l handling and q u a l i t y c o n t r o l (cont. ) '
In cases of n e c e s s i t y , a continuous t r e a t m e n t with Biobor JF i s

permitted a t a concentration not exceeding 135 ppm. To avoid
f i l t e r blockage by s o l i d m a t t e r which may be p r e c i p i t a t e d by
t h e b i o c i d e , f i l t e r s must be monitored and l i v e s r e - e s t a b l i s h e d
from o p e r a t o r experience.
CAUTION : THERE IS A NUMBER OF ' BIOBOR' PRODUCTS : IT IS ESSENTIAL

THAT ONLY THE ONE WITH THE SUFFIX ' J F ' IS USED, I.E.
' BIOBOR JF ' .
Jan. 3O/69
ROLLS-ROYCE V '
MAINTENANCE
,ER0 EM,,",
SPECIFICATION OF TYPE 1 METHANOL/WATER MIXTURE
Specification Ref: MSRR 9359 Issue 1
E:
.A I. Material
m
C,
.A
e$
This specification covers the requirements of a methanol/water mixture to be
used, when specified, for restoring or augmenting the thrust of Rolls-Royce
a,
turbo-propeller engines.
2 2. Composition of the mixture
E:
.rl
-a A. The methanol/water mixture will consist of water containing 36% to 38% by

a,
C, weight of methanol. This is equivalent to a mixture at 15 deg.C. of 43.8
d
.A volumes of methanol and 56.2 volumes of water.
k
PI
B. The methanol will meet the requirements of para.3.A. to C. of this
specification and the water will meet the requirements of para.4.A. to D.
a
3. Methanol
A. The methanol will comply with the requirements of British Standard 506
or American Federal Specification 0-M-232 (Grade A).
B. There is no technical requirement for a denaturant but where required by

Wlk local law 0.5% by volume maximum of pyridine will be used.
MD a 1
CS2 NOTE: If pyridine is present the distillation requirements of the methanol

S will be modified to read "not less than 95% by volume will distil
228 between 64.5 deg.C. and 66.5 deg.C."
IS1
C. Other denaturants, e.g. benzole or corrosion inhibiting oil will not be
used.
a 4. Water
A. The water will comply with the following requirements which may be met by
deionisation or other methods of purification. However, when purification
is carried out in the fieAd the quality of the water may be controlled by
conductivity measurements and a silica content determination to Appendix 4.
In this case the specific conductance will be not greater than 11 X 10-6
siemen cm-l at 20f5 deg.C. and the silica content will be not greater than
3 ppm. In cases of doubt a total solids content determination will be
carried out.
a B. Visual inspection
The water will be clear and free from sediment and suspended matter.
June 90
Page 1
ROLLS-ROYCE Eh3W U
MAINTENANCE
A E R O ENGINE
l1
Specification of Type 1 methanol/water mixture (cont.)
C. Total solids
When determined in accordance with Appendix 1 the total solids content

will be not greater than 10 ppm.
D. pH value
l
When determined in accordance with Appendix 2 the pH will be within the
range pH 5.0 to 7.5
5. Methanol/water mixture requirements
I A. Sampling
A sample of the mixture, filtered in accordance with Appendix 3, will be
clear and free from sediment and suspended matter and will meet the
following requirements.
I B. Relative density
The relative density at 15 deg.C./4 deg.C. of the mixture will be not Less
than 0.9408 (18.8 deg.A.P.1.) and not greater than 0.9441 (18.3 deg.A.P.1.)
When measured at temperatures other than 15 deg.C. the relative density
will be within the limits given in Fig.1.
NOTE: There will be a temperature change on mixing and it is essential

that the mixture temperature has stabilised before testing. Wlk
MD a
I C. Total solids CS2
S
When determined in accordance with Appendix 1 the total solids content 228
will be not greater than 10 ppm. IS1
I D. Acidity
When determined in accordance with Appendix 5 the acidity, calculated
as formic acid, will be not greater than 13 ppm.
1: E. Field testing
In the field the quality of the methanol/water mixture may be controlled
by conductivity measurements. In this case the specific conductance will
be not greater than 11 X 10-6 siemen cm-l at 20k5 deg.C. In cases of
doubt a total solids content and acidity will be determined.
NOTE: conductivity; total solids and acidity are inter-related, therefore

mixtures with specific conductance greater than 11 X 1 0 - ~siemen
cm-1 will be checked for total solids (Appendix 1) and acidity
(Appendix 5).
70-25 June 90
Page 2
ROLLS-ROY CE BUU%I
MAINTENANCE
AERO ENGINE
0 I S p e c i f i c a t i o n o f Type 1 methanol/water mixture ( c o n t . )
Wlk
MDa
CS2
S
228
IS1
June 90 70-25
Page 3
-
R O L L S - R O Y CE I%EIV'
MAINTENANCE
A E R O ENGINE
I Specification of Type 1 methanol/water mixture (cont.)
6. Preparation and storage of methanol/water mixture
I WARNING: DUE TO THE VOLATILITY AND FLAMMABILITY OF METHANOL THE MIXTURE MUST
BE PREPARED IN AREAS FREE FROM DRAUGHTS, DIRECT'SUNLIGHT AND NAKED
FLAMES.
A. Batches of the mixture will be prepared in containers that will not affect
the quality (see para.B.(l)).
I B. Storage
I (1) The prepared mixture will be stored in containers manufactured from

corrosion resistant material e.g. stainless steel, glass or approved
plastics. Mild steel containers Will not be used unless they are
lined with an approved coating which will not affect the quality of
the mxiture.
l ( 2 ) The containers will be well sealed and stored in a cool place.
C. The prepared mixture will comply with all the requirements of para.5.A.
to E. when it is introduced into the aircraft tanks.
Notice to Operators
I A. Residual quantities of rnethanol/water mixture in aircraft tanks may not

comply with the requirements of this specification. If the quantities
are sufficient to have a significant effect on the composition of the
mixture resulting from the next re-fuelling, the relative density of the Wlk
residues will be determined and taken into consideration. MD a
CS2
1 B. Methanol/water mixtures can increase in acidity during storage, both in
bulk and aircraft tanks, therefore acidity checks (Appendix 5) will be
S
228
carried out following periods of storage. IS1
70-25 June 90
Page 4
MAINTENANCE
I Specification of Type 1 methanol/water mixture (cont.)
APPENDIX 1
1. Method
1 A. A clean plztinum basin of approximately 100 m1 capacity will be heated

for 30 minutes in an oven at 103f3 deg.C. and then cooled in a desiccator
and weighed (W1). -,
I B. A representative sample of the fluid under test will be thoroughly shaken

' and 1000 m1 measured out into a volumetric flask.
I C. Portions of approximately 50 m1 will be transferred to the platinum basin,

each portion being cautiously evaporated avoiding vigorous boiling of the
sample and any ingress of foreign matter, until the 1000 m1 sample has
been evaporated.
NOTE: The basin Gill not be allowed to dry-out until the final portion
has been added.
I D. The basin and residue will then be dried for one hour at 10323 deg.~.,
cooled in a desiccator and weighed (W2).
2. Calculation
Total Solids Content ppm = 1000 ( ~ -2 ~ 1 )

R
Where R = Relative density of the fluid under test.
APPENDIX 2
DETERMINATION OF pH VALUE OF WATER
1. Method
I A. The pH value may be determined by any conventional means e.g.

electrometrically, indicator paper or liquid, and will be within the range
pH 5.0 to 7.5.
I B. If the pH is less than 5.0 the water is acidic, which may be due to
dissolved carbon dioxide. This can be checked by boiling a 100 m1 of the
water in a resistance glass flask for 5 minutes, rapidly cooling to room
temperature and re-determining the pH value.
I C. If pH is still below pH 5.0 the water will be discarded.
June 90 70-25
Page 5
R O L L S - R O Y CE ,ER0 ENGINE
MAINTENANCE
APPENDIX 3
FILTRATION
The basic requirement for filtration is that during aircraft re-fuelling operations E:
.rl
the methanol/water mixture will be passed through a filter satisfactory for use m
-P
with methanol/water mixtures and capable of removing all particles greater than .rl
k
75 micrometres diameter. m
APPENDIX 4
DETERMINATION OF SILICA CONTENT OF WATER

a
-P
E:
'rl
a
a,
-P
. (FIELD TEST) E:
.P4
2
1. Equipment required
A. A Lovibond Nessleriser with yellow silica disc reading in ppm Si02.
m
B. Two 50 m1 Nessler tubes.
C. Two 5 m1 graduated pipettes or one 2 m1 pipette and one 4 m1 pipette.
2. Reagents
Wlk
10% v/v aqueous solution of ammonium molybdate. MD a
2N Sulphuric acid. CS2
S
NOTE: These reagents will be made up with silica-free pure water and stored 228
in polyethylene bottles. IS1
3. Method
A. The equipment to be used will be thoroughly cleaned immediately prior

to carrying out the test.
B. One of the Nessler tubes will be filled to the 50 m1 mark with the sample
and placed in the left-hand compartment of the Nessleriser.
C. The second Nessler tube will be filled to the 50 m1 mark with the sample
and maintaining the temperature at 15 to 35 deg.C., 2 m1 of the ammonium
molydbate solution will be added followed by 4 m1 of 2N sulphuric acid.
The solution will be mixed well and allowed to stand for 15 minutes.
70-25 June 90
Page 6
ROLLS-ROY CE *ER0 ENGINE
MAINTENANCE
I D. The second tube will then be placed in the right hand compartment and
using a uniform source of white light the yellow colour produced will be
compared with the colours of the standard disc, rotating until a colour
match is obtained and a reading of ppm, Si02 recorded.
C
.rl
n
C,
.rl
&
e; C3
&
1. Method
C
.rl
1 A. 100 m1 of sample will be placed into a clean 500 m1 conical flask made
-0
P)
from borosilicate glass, a few clean anti-bumping granules added and boiled
C, gently for 5 minutes.
C
-rl
&
!& B. The neck of the flask will be closed, using a stopper with a soda lime
trap,and allowed to cool.
l C. When cold the stopper will be removed and 0,5 m1 phenolphthalien indicator
(see Note) added and the acidity titrated with 0,lN sodium hydroxide using
0
a microburette.
NOTE: Prepare by dissolving 0,5g phenolphthalien in 100 m1 of 95% ethanol

and making faintly pink by the addition of 0,lN sodium hydroxide
solution.
Wlk
MDa 2. Calculation
CS2
S The acidity will be calculated as ppm formic acid as follows:
228
IS1 Formic acid ppm by wt = 46 X T
R
Where T = volume in m1 of 0,lN sodium hydroxide.
R = relative density of sample.
June 90 70-25.
Pages 7/8
ROLLS-ROY CE '
MAINTENANCE
V * E R 0 ENGINE
'
APPLICATI ON OF HYLOMAR JOINT1NG COMPOUND

I
L 1. I n s t r u c t i o n s f o r t h e removal of j o i n t i n g compound have been r e v i s e d and

re-located i n Chap.70-31 'Cleaning of p a r t s ' .
,a
,rl
m 2. I n s t r u c t i o n s f o r t h e a p p l i c a t i o n of j o i n t i n g compound have been r e v i s e d
C,
or(
& and re-located i n Chap.70-32 'Assembling of p a r t s ' .

m
SM
Bmr
MDa
CIS
P&R
S1
S2&
228
Aug. 8 1 70-26 .
Pages 1/2 l
R O L L S - R O Y CE AERO
MAINTENANCE
CONTAMINATION OF ENGINE COMPONENTS
1. General
A. Some materials used in t6e construction of engines are adversely affected

by surface contamination.
(1) Contamination of a material by a low melting point alloy can, at

certain temperatures, lead to intercrystaline penetration and
subsequent embrittlement and cracking.
(2) Contamination of components by materials, used in the processing, if

not thoroughly cleaned can on some titanium alloys cause
intercrystaline penetration with subsequent embrittlement and cracking
. when the component temperature is raised either through normal engine
operation or by the application of heat during a repair cycle.
2. Cadmium Contamination
A. The cadmium contamination of titanium alloy components invariably arises

from the transfer of the soft electroplated cadmium from or by fixtures
and hand tools.
B. Although for many years cadmium protective coatings have been prohibited
from use on tools and fixtures thus avoiding direct transfer, it is still
possible for secondary transfer to occur from the use of tools previously
in contact with cadmium plated components or fasteners.
C. Vigilance in shop practices is therefore required to ensure that both the

obvious and less obvious sources of cadmium contamination are
eliminated. '
3. Chlorinated Solvents (or other Halogens)
A. Materials containing chloride ions (or other halogens) can if left on

the surface of certain titanium alloy components cause embrittlement
and cracking if heat is applied.
B. To avoid any problems on these materials the instructions issued in the

manual relating to the cleaning, inspection, repair, assembly,
transportation and storage must be strictly adhered to.
C. When called out in the manual, for processing to be carried out in

accordance with the Engine Overhaul Processes Manual TSD 594, the
CAUTIONS called out within the Overhaul process (OP) must be strictly
complied with.
D. The contaminating chlorides can briginate from organic solvents, tap

water, certain adhesive tapes and hand contact.
70-27
Pages 1/2
R O L L S - R O Y CE AERO ENGINE
MAINTENANCE
STORAGE LIFE OF ENGINE COMPONENTS
1. General
A. The s t o r a g e l i f e of components l i s t e d i n t h i s s e c t i o n i s c o n d i t i o n a l upon t h e

following:
(1) The u n i t has n o t been f i t t e d t o an e n g i n e s i n c e new o r t h e l a s t o v e r h a u l .
( 2 ) The i n h i b i t i n g procedure has been c a r r i e d o u t and t h e c o r r e c t b l a n k s

fitted.
( 3 ) The u n i t i s s t o r e d i n a s u i t a b l e c o n t a i n e r and k e p t i n a d r y atmosphere;

extremes of t e m p e r a t u r e should be avoided a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e .
. ( 4 ) P e r i o d i c i n s p e c t i o n s a r e made t o e n s u r e t h a t l o s s of i n h i b i t i n g f l u i d
'rl
Ll has n o t occurred and t h a t no c o r r o s i o n , d e t e r i o r a t i o n o r hardening of
F4
rubber s l e e v e s o r c a b l e i n s u l a t i o n has o c c u r r e d .
( 5 ) Components which a r e r e c e i v e d f u l l y pre-packed should be s t o r e d i n t h e

pre-packed c o n d i t i o n ; any s p e c i a l i n s t r u c t i o n s on t h e package should
be complied w i t h .
B. I t i s recommended t h a t d u r i n g t h e s t o r a g e p e r i o d a check i s kept on t h e

m o d i f i c a t i o n s t a n d a r d of t h e u n i t and t h a t u n i t s t h a t have been i n s t o r a g e
f o r the l o n g e s t p e r i o d a r e used f i r s t .
C . The i d e a l s t o r e house i s a c o o l d r y p l a c e w i t h a n even a i r temperature of

1 5 deg.C. and a r e l a t i v e humidity of 4 5 p e r c e n t .
2. S t o r a g e l i f e of e l e c t r i c a l system components
A . When t h e s t o r a g e l i f e of a component e x p i r e s , r e t u r n t h e component

t o an approved b a s e f o r o v e r h a u l .
COMPONENT LIMITATION
Hot a i r v a l v e 5 years
Low o i l p r e s s u r e warning l i g h t switch 5 years
, Low torque s w i t c h 5 y e a r s ( s e e NOTE: )
( ~ u t o m a t i cc o a r s e n i n g s w i t c h )
O i l pressure transmitter 5 years
O i l temperature b u l b 6 years
S t a r t e r motor 5 years
Thermocouple h a r n e s s 5 years .
Thermocouples ~ndefinite
NOTE: The low t o r q u e s w i t c h snap diaphragm h a s an i n s e r v i c e c a l e n d a r l i f e
l i m i t of 5 years. T h i s l i m i t commences w i t h i n i t i a l i n s t a l l a t i o n o f a
new s w i t c h o r a s w i t c h a f t e r snap diaphragm renewal on an engine. T h i s
' l i m i t i n c l u d e s s t o r a g e o r on s h e l f t i m e accumulated a f t e r i n s t a l l a t i o n
o n an engine.
Jan. 88 70-28
Page 1
ROLLS-RBYCE AERO E N G I N E
MAINTENANCE
S t o r a g e l i f e of engine components ( c o n t . )
3. Storage l i f e of f u e l system components
A. When the storage l i f e o f a component e x p i r e s , r e t u r n the component t o

an approved base f o r overhaul.
COMPONENT LIMITATION
Fuel burners Indefinite

Fuel control u n i t 6 years
Fuel pump 6 years
Wa ter/me than01 c o n t r o l u n i t 6 years
Torque pressure transmitter 6 years,
SM l
N cl
MDa
S&
l
228
70-28 May 81
Page 2
ROLLS-ROYCE DART. E,G,"
TEMPORARY MARKING OF PARTS
1. General
A; During maintenance i t may be necessary when making checks, t o mark c e r t a i n

parts.
CAUTIONS: 1. CHINA CLAY BASED PENCILS, E. G. 'CHINAGRAPH' PENCILS MUST

NOT BE USED.
2. GRAPHITE PENCILS GIVE CARBON PENETRATION AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

AND MUST NOT BE USED. MARKS INADVERllNTLY MADE BY GRAPHITE
PENCILS MUST BE COMPLETELY REMOVED BEFORE HEAT TREATMENT OR
ASSEMBLY.
2. Marking media
A . The following m a t e r i a l s a r e approved f o r t h e marking of a l l p a r t s ; refer

t o Chap. 70-12.
( 1 ) ~ e n c i l / c r a y o n temporary marker.
NOTE: 'Noblot' i n k p e n c i l i s t h e only marker a v a i l a b l e f o r use under

water, e.g. d u r i n g an u l t r a s o n i c i n s p e c t i o n under water.
( 2 ) F e l t o r f i b r e temporary marker.
( 3 ) Marking ink.
( 4 ) E l e c t r o l y t i c mark using EM16A e l e c t r o l y t e and Rolls-Royce e l e c t r o l y t i c

marking head.
B. The following marker i s of a more permanent n a t u r e and should only be

used on p a r t s l o c a t e d i n t h e c o o l s e c t i o n s of t h e engine, i . e . a t
temperatures n o t exceeding 280 deg.C. (536 deg.F.)',
( 1 ) Marlube l a y o u t f l u i d .
C . Any o t h e r marking media not l i s t e d must be approved by Rolls-Royce

Limited b e f o r e use.
70-29
J u l y 79 Page 1
MAINTENANCE
AERO ENGINE
0
OBSERVANCE OF MANUAL INSTRUCTIONS
The i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r Maintenance and Maintenance P r a c t i c e s o f t h e e n g i n e

c o n t a i n e d i n t h i s manual, p a r t i c u l a r l y t h o s e r e l a t e d t o removal, i n s t a l l a t i o n ,
'r(
E: and r e p a i r of high-duty p a r t s , have been r e v i s e d t o p r e s e r v e t h e i n t e g r i t y of
m t h e p a r t s during t h e i r service l i v e s .
C,
-4
a$ C9
a,
k
The procedure and acceptance s t a n d a r d s i n t h i s manual a r e n o t a p p l i c a b l e t o
e n g i n e s s u b j e c t e d t o abnormal usage beyond t h a t s p e c i f i c a l l y covered by t h e
manual, i n p a r t i c u l a r engines damaged o r s u s p e c t e d of b e i n g damaged i n t r a n s i t
o r i n a i r c r a f t a c c i d e n t s o r i n c i d e n t s . I n a l l such c a s e s Rolls-Royce p l c must be
.r(
C c o n s u l t e d f o r advice.
'V
a,
C,
I n s t r u c t i o n s a r e w r i t t e n t o p e r m i t , wherever p o s s i b l e , t h e u s e o f r o u t i n e p r a c t i c e s
C
Tl
i n t h e performance o f t a s k s and t o g i v e f l e x i b i l i t y where a p p r o p r i a t e . However,
2 where i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e s p e c i f i c as t o means and method, it is i m p o r t a n t t h a t
a l t e r n a t i v e s a r e n o t used u n l e s s a g r e e d w i t h Rolls-Royce p l c , s i n c e even minor
d e v i a t i o n s from t h e s p e c i f i e d p a r a m e t e r s may r e q u i r e c a r e f u l e v a l u a t i o n t o avoid
abuse which may n o t be d e t e c t a b l e by r o u t i n e i n s p e c t i o n .
\a Where changes t o t h e s p e c i f i e d i n s t r u c t i o n s o r s t a n d a r d s a r e r e q u i r e d and

c a n n o t be approved a t t h e o r i g i n a t i n g s o u r c e under t h e terms o f a p p r o v a l g r a n t e d
by t h e a p p r o p r i a t e r e g u l a t o r y a u t h o r i t y , t h e n d e t a i l s o f t h e r e q u i r e d t e c h n i c a l
v a r i a n c e should be s u b m i t t e d t o Rolls-Royce p l c f o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n .
Wlk To comply with t h e c e r t i f i c a t i o n and r e c o r d i n g requirements i n v o l v e d i n

MD a r e v i s i o n s o r amendments t o manual i n s t r u c t i o n s , Rolls-Royce p l c i n approving
CIS a submission w i l l provide t o t h e o r i g i n a t i n g source a Technical Variance
PR Document and c o v e r i n g Temporary Revision a s proof of approval.
S1
S2 It i s t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of t h e o r i g i n a t i n g s o u r c e t o r e c o r d and p r e s e r v e t h e s e
228 documents i n a manner and l o c a l i t y which complies with a p p r o p r i a t e r e g u l a t o r y
a u t h o r i t y requirements.
0
June 90 70-30
Pages 1 / 2
ROLLS-ROY CE EWRT
MAINTENANCE
AERO ENWNE
CLEANING O F PARTS
1. R e m o v e j o f n t i n g c o m p o u n d f r o m j o i n t faces
WARNING: DO NOT SMOKE WHEN USING METHYLENE CHLORIDE; ENSURE THAT THE
WORKPLACE I S WELL VENTILATED.
CAUTION: ENSURE THAT METHYLENE CHLORIDE I S APPLIED ONLY TO J O I N T FACES

AS IT CAN DAMAGE AND R E W V E PAINT.
A. R e m o v e t h e j o i n t i n g c o m p o u n d u s i n g a clean c l o t h m o i s t e n e d w i t h
m e t h y l e n e ' c h l o r i d e ; refer t o C h a p . 70-12.
Aug. 81 70-31
Pages 1/2
MAINTENANCE
ASSEMBLING O F PARTS
CONTENTS
Page
ASSEMBLING PROCEDURE .. .. .. ..
NOMENCLATURE . Q .. .. ..
MODIFICATION STATUS .. .. .. ..
CORRELATION MARKS .. ..
ASSEMBLING CHECKS .. ..
TORQUE TIGHTENING .. ..
METHODS OF LOCKING .. ..
T a b w a s h e r locking .. ..
Wire l o c k i n g .. ..
C u p w a s h e r locking .. ..
S p l i t - p i n (cotter p i n ) locking
TOOLS .. .. .. ..
CONSUMABLE MATERIALS ... ..
LUBRICATION .. .. ..
SEALING RINGS .. ..
SM APPLY J O I N T 1NG COMPOUND ..
Bmr
MDa
CIS
P&R
S1 ILLUSTRAT10NS
S2&
228 Fig, Title Page
1 T a b w a s h e r locking - Examples .. .. 4
2 Wire l o c k i n g - Examples .. .. 6
Aug. 81 70-32
Pages 1/2
MAINTENANCE
ASSEMBLING OF PARTS
1. Assembling procedure
A. The assembling techniques and any s p e c i a l checks t o be applied t o p a r t s of

u n i t s and sub-assemblies of t h e engine a r e d e s c r i b e d i n page block 201,
of t h e a p p r o p r i a t e s e c t i o n of t h e manual.
CAUTION: UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED, DO NOT USE GREASE OR ANY OTHER

SUBSTANCE ON GASKETS , SPHERICALS AND MATING JOINT-FACES IN
THE AIR/FUEL SYSTEM. NEGLECT OF THIS PRECAUTION HAS LED TO
BLOCKAGE OF A I R OR FUEL PASSAGES AND HENCE TO PARTIAL OR
COMPLETE POWER LOSS IN FLIGHT.
B. Before commencing work on any assembly, check t h a t a l l p a r t s a r e a , v a i l a b l e ;
ensure a l s o t h a t t h e p a r t s a r e clean, and tha't j o i n t f a c e s and mating p a r t s
a r e f r e e from minor handling damage.
C. Refer t o 'Temporary marking of p a r t s ' , Chap.70-29, f o r approved media f o r

temporary marking of p a r t s .
2. Nomenclature
A. The terms 'upper', ' l o w e r ' , ' l e f t - h a n d ' and 'right-hand' a r e used t o
SM d e s c r i b e t h e p o s i t i o n s , o f p a r t s and assemblies r e l a t i v e t o an engine l y i n g
. Bmr h o r i z o n t a l with i t s t o p p o s i t i o n uppermost and viewed from t h e r e a r . Some
MDa p a r t s a r e i d e n t i f i e d by numberingthem from t h e engine t o p p o s i t i o n i n an
CIS anti-clockwise d i r e c t i o n , viewed from t h e r e a r .
P&R
S1
S286 3. Modification s t a t u s
228
A. Check t h a t a l l m o d i f i c a t i o n s i n s t r u c t e d a t i n s p e c t i o n have been embodied
and ensure t h a t t h e m o d i f i c a t i o n s t a t u s of a l l p a r t s i s compatible.
B. Record t h e c u r r e n t m o d i f i c a t i o n s t a t u s of t h e p a r t s .
4 . C o r r e l a t i o n marks
A. I f new p a r t s a r e t o be f i t t e d , l i g h t l y vibro-engrave any necessary

c o r r e l a t i o n marks; u s i n g a smooth a b r a s i v e s t o n e remove any b u r r s r a i s e d
by t h e engraving t o o l .
May 81 70-32
Page 3
ROLLS-ROYCE A E R O ENGINE
MAINTENANCE
Assembling of p a r t s (cont.)
Assembling checks
A. ~ r o t r u s i o nof b o l t s o r s t u d s through s e l f - l o c k i n g n u t s .
( 1 ) The b o l t o r s t u d must protrude through t h e n u t s u f f i c i e n t t o ensure

a f u l l t h r e a d engagement of t h e s e l f - l o c k i n g f e a t u r e without exceeding
t h e s p e c i f i e d torque load.
Torque t i g h t e n i n g
A . Refer t o Chap.70-01 f o r a d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e t o r q u e t i g h t e n i n g technique i

and f o r standard torque loading f i g u r e s .
Methods of l o c k i n g
Tabwasher l o c k i n g
Examples of c o r r e c t and i n c o r r e c t tabwasher l o c k i n g a r e i l l u s t r a t e d i n

Fig.1. The p o i n t s t o n o t e a r e a s follows :
Correct Incorrect
SM
Bmr
MDa
CIS
P&R
S1
Correct S 2&
\ 228
Correct Incorrect
Tabwasher locking - Examples

Fig. l
70-32 May 81
Page 4
R O L L S - R O Y CE BA W IiI
MAINTENANCE
A E R O ENGINE
Assembling of p a r t s ( c o n t . )
( 1 ) Ensure t h a t t h e t a n g of t h e tabwasher i s p r o p e r l y l o c a t e d i n t h e h o l e
a s close as possible t o the nut.
( 2 ) Bend back t h e l o c k t a b a t a s l i g h t l y a c u t e a n g l e s o t h a t t h e forked

p o r t i o n s of t h e t a b , which must l i e f l u s h w i t h t h e f l a t o r f l a t s of
the nut, a r e firmly locked.
( 3 ) When t h e t a b must be b e n t t o c o v e r 2 a d j a c e n t f l a t s on t h e n u t , e n s u r e
t h a t t h e ' Y ' of t h e t a b i s l o c a t e d e x a c t l y a t t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of t h e
2 flats.
B. Wire l o c k i n g
Examples of t h e method of w i r e l o c k i n g a r e i l l u s t r a t e d i n F i g . 2 . The

p o i n t s t o note a r e a s follows:
( 1 ) Use s t a i n l e s s steel w i r e of 22 S.W.G. (0.028 i n . ) ; r e f e r t o chap.70-12.
( 2 ) F i t t h e wire i n t e n s i o n between t h e p a r t t o be locked and t h e anchor

p o i n t according t o t h e handing of t h e screw t h r e a d on t h e p a r t , t h u s
e n s u r i n g t h a t t h e p a r t c a n n o t be turned i n t h e d i r e c t i o n of loosening;
r e f e r t o Fig.2(E).
( 3 ) When an anchor l u g i s used, commence t h e w i r i n g a t t h e l u g , and a l i g n

t h e l u g w i t h t h e wire s o t h a t t h e a c t of t i g h t e n i n g t h e w i r e does n o t
tend t o t u r n t h e l u g ; r e f e r t o Fig.2. (C).
SM
Bmr ( 4 ) When the w i r e t r a v e r s e s t h e body of the p a r t t o be l o c k e d , t h e a n g l e of
MDa approach of t h e wire t o t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l a x i s of t h e p a r t must n o t be
CIS l e s s than 45 d e g r e e s ; r e f e r t o Fig.2.(A).
P&R
l S1 (5) When l o c k i n g union n u t s , o n l y 2 n u t s may be locked w i t h a s i n g l e p i e c e
1 S2&
228
of wire.
( 6 ) The maximum p e r m i s s i b l e unsupported l e n g t h of w i r e i s 3.000 i n .
( 7 ) The t w i s t e d end s t r a n d s of t h e w i r e , which should be 0.500 t o 0;625 i n .

l o n g , must be b e n t over c l o s e t o t h e a d j a c e n t p a r t t o avoid i n j u r y t o
personnel o r p o s s i b l e damage t o s t o r a g e bags; r e f e r t o F i g . 2 . ( E ) .
C . Cupwasher l o c k i n g .
( 1 ) Except where s p e c i f i e d i n t h e r e l e v a n t s e c t i o n , l o c k a l l cupwashers a t
2 opposite positions.
( 2 ) Do n o t punch l o c k i n g dimples s o t h a t they encroach on p r e v i o u s dimples
which have been reformed.
( 3 ) Do n o t form l o c k i n g dimples n e a r e r t o a r e p a i r s c a l l o p t h a n a d i s t a n c e
e q u a l t o t h e d e p t h of t h e s c a l l o p .
May 81, 70-32

Page 5
ROLLS-ROYCE MW TT
E
MAINTENANCE
AERO ENGINE
Assembling of p a r t s ( c o n t . )
Not l e s s t h a n 45'
MINIMUM
POSITION MAXIMUM
POSITION
/
/
/
/
/
Any o t h e r p o s i t i o n of t h e
anchor l u g i s u n a c c e p t a b l e
Examples show t h e method of wire-locking

right-hand screw threaded p a r t s . Wire-lock
l e f t - h a n d screw threaded p a r t s i n t h e opposite
direction t o that illustrated.
Wire l o c k i n g - Examples
Fig.2
70-32 May 81
Page 6
MAINTENANCE
~ s s e m b l i nof
~ p a r t s (cont. )
D. S p l i t - p i n ( c o t t e r pin) locking f o r c a s t e l l a t e d n u t .
( 1 ) U s e only t h e c o r r e c t p i n f o r t h e p a r t i c u l a r n u t t o be locked.
( 2 ) On a l l o s c i l l a t i n g of r o t a t i n g p a r t s , p o s i t i o n t h e s p l i t - p i n
t a n g e n t i a l l y t o the l i n e of c e n t r i f u g a l f o r c e .
( 3 ) Trap t h e head of t h e p i n i n the s l o t of t h e n u t with t h e s h o r t l e g

uppermost then bend back t h e l u g s .
( 4 ) Do n o t t r i m t h e pin a f t e r f i t t i n g .
8. Tools
A. S p e c i a l t o o l s a r e r e f e r r e d t o by t o o l number; r e f e r t o MT-Da 'DART

MA1 NTENANCE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT MANUAL ' , f o r d e t a i l S .
B. When using p l a s t i c , rubber or hide-faced m a l l e t s t o t a p p a r t s i n t o p o s i t i o n ,

s e l e c t a m a l l e t which i s s o f t enough t o avoid damaging t h e p a r t s b u t do
n o t use a m a l l e t head which i s l i a b l e t o d i s i n t e g r a t e i n use and allow
fragments t o e n t e r t h e engine.
9 . Consumable m a t e r i a l s
SM A . Consumable m a t e r i a l s , l u b r i c a n t s , g r e a s e s and s e a l i n g compounds a r e

Bmr i d e n t i f i e d by name and a r e l i s t e d i n Chap.70-12 which a l s o d e t a i l s
MDa sources of supply. .
CIS
P&R 10. L u b r i c a t i o n
S1
S2&
A. Except where otherwise s t a t e d i n t h e t e x t , use engine o i l , t o l u b r i c a t e
228
screwthreads, s e r r a t i o n s , pipe gland n u t s , s p l i n e s , a l l p a r t s t h a t a r e
a 'push' o r ' p r e s s ' f i t and a l l p a r t s t h a t a r e normally supplied w i t h
o i l d u r i n g engine operation; r e f e r t o Chap. 70-12.
B. Coat a l l b a l l and r o l l e r bearings w i t h petroleum j e l l y ; r e f e r t o Chap.70-12. '
C . L u b r i c a t i o n of s e a l i n g r i n g s i s d e t a i l e d i n Chap. 70-11. 1
I 11. S e a l i n g r i n g s
A . For i n s t r u c t i o n s on t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , l u b r i c a t i o n and f i t t i n g of
s e a l i n g r i n g s , r e f e r t o Chap.70-11.
Aug. 8 1 70-32
Page 7
MAINTENANCE
Assembling of p a r t s ("cont.)
12. Apply .jo i n t i n g compound
WARNING: DO NOT SMOKE WHEN USING METHYLENE CHLORIDE; ENSURE THAT THE
WORKPLACE IS WELL VENTILATED.
CAUTIONS: 1. ENSURE THAT METHYLENE CHLORIDE IS APPLIED ONLY TO JOINT FACES

AS IT CAN DAMAGE AND REMOVE PAINT.
2. DO NOT APPLY TOO MUCH. JOINTING COMPOUND TO THE JOINT FACES ;

EXTRUDED COMPOUND CAN BZlOCK INTERNAL OIL AND/OR AIR PASSAGES.
3 . ALLOW A PERIOD OF AT LEAST 1 0 MINUTES AIR-DRYING TIME TO ENSURE

THAT THE SOLVENT I N THE COMPOUND HAS EVAPORATED; THE SOLVENT
CAN CAUSE CORROSION.
A . Clean t h e j o i n t f a c e s using a c l e a n c l o t h moistened w i t h methylene
c h l o r i d e (Chap.70-12); allow t h e f a c e s t o dry.
B. Using a c l e a n s t i f f brush moistened w i t h methylene c h l o r i d e spread a t h i n

even f i l m of j o i n t i n g compound (Chap.70-12) over both j o i n t f a c e s and
allow t o a i r - d r y f o r a t l e a s t ' l 0 minutes. Close the compound c o n t a i n e r
t o prevent evaporation of t h e s o l v e n t .
NOTE: Avoid using a brush w i t h b r i s t l e s s e t i n g l u e o r rubber.
C . Bring t h e j o i n t f a c e s t o g e t h e r and torque t i g h t e n t h e s e c u r i n g f e a t u r e s

t o the specified loading. Allow a t l e a s t 4 minutes t o e l a p s e t o allow
SM
t h e j o i n t t o s e t t l e t h e n r e t i g h t e n t h e securing f e a t u r e s . Repeat t h e
Bmr
s e t t l i n g and r e t i g h t e n i n g procedure u n t i l no f u r t h e r l o s s of torque i s
MDa
experienced. The s e t t l i n g period i s unimportant provided i t exceeds
CIS
4 minutes.
P&R
NOTE: I t may be found t h a t minor j o i n t s do not r e q u i r e r e p e t i t i v e S1
tightening. S2&
228
D. Clean t h e brush i n methy1,ene c h l o r i d e .
70-32 Aug. 81
Page 8
R O L L S - R O Y CE DA Bu AERO ENGINE
MAGNESIUM ALLOY COMPORENTS CONTAINIKG THORIUM
1. General
A. Handling of magnesium components containing Thorium (Materials KAJ, KAD,
KBJ) .
B. Thorium is a naturally occurring element which is slightly radioactive.
The principal radioactivity and therefore most significant potential
hazard is alpha radiation. This is a short range non-penetrative
radiation stopped by clothing, gloves etc. and is non-hazardous to
persons ' removing, installing and handling components.
WARNING : CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO AVOID INHALATION OR INGESTION OF METALLIC

DUST OR FUMES INTO THE BODY WHEN REPAIR OPERATIONS INCLUDING
MACHINING, WELDING, DRESSING, FILING AND POLISHING ARE CARRIED
OUT.
C. When carrying out such repair operations the use of dust extractors and I,
efficient hygiene practices is necessary and repair work involving
magnesium alloys containing Thorium must be carried out in accordance with
any applicable local regulations.
Feb. 91 70- 33
Page 1/2

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CHAPTER 70 – Standard Practices - Engine

LIST OF ROLLS-ROYCE EFFECTIVE PAGES

This chapter consists of the following pages

CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER

List of Effective Pages 70-12 70-23

M-Da8-HS List of Effective Pages-70

M-Da8-HS List of Effective Pages-70

Chapter 70 -. Standard p r a c t i c e s - Engine

70-20 Rolls-Royce recommendations

TORQUE TIGHTENING TECHNIQUE

A. A predetermined torque l o a d i s applied t o n u t s , b o l t s and setscrews t o

B. The standard l u b r i c a n t t o be used i s c l e a n engine o i l , i . e . any of t h e

C. PL.198 i s t h e only l u b r i c a n t , a s an a l t e r n a t i v e t o e n g i n e o i l , which i s

Torque t i g h t e n i n g technique (cont. )

FAILURE OF THE JOINT DURING SERVICE. ki

NOTE: Smoothing t h e t h r e a d s i s necessary o n l y when threaded p a r t s a r e '

being f i t t e d w i t h l o a d s i n excess of 250 l b , f t . being applied.

( 1 ) L u b r i c a t e t h e t h r e a d s and mating f a c e s of t h e n u t and washer with

( 2 ) Tighten t h e n u t u n t i l approximately h a l f t h e recommended torque load

( 1 ) L u b r i c a t e t h e screw t h r e a d s and mating f a c e s w i t h c l e a n engine o i l o r

( 2 ) Tighten t h e n u t t o t h e f u l l torque load.

( 3 ) Remove t h e n u t , r e - l u b r i c a t e t h r e a d s and mating f a c e s , then r e - t i g h t e n

A. Where l o c k i n g p l a t e s , tabwashers o r s p l i t p i n s ( c o t t e r p i n s ) a r e used a s

CAUTION: 1. FAILURE: TO COMPLY W I T H THESE INSTRUCTIONS MAY RESULT IN

2. DO NOT SLACKEN THE NUT TO OBTAIN THE LOCKING POSITION.

( 2 ) I f . a minimum and a maximum t o r q u e l o a d value i s quoted, t h e f i n a l torque '

l o a d value 'applied must be w i t h i n t h e prescribed range.

A. Where c l o s e p i t c h b o l t i n g i s used and where i t i s necessary t o make a s e a l ,

( 1 ) On f l a n g e s , l i g h t l y n i p two f a s t e n e r s approximately o p p o s i t e t o each

RING FLANGE HALF - CASING JOINT

7 , Hand torque wrenches

C o r r e c t method of h o l d i n g a f l e x i b l e beam torque wrench

(2) A l l wrenches must be checked p e r i o d i c a l l y on t h e s e t t i n g r i g , t o e n s u r e

( 1 ) To o b t a i n a c o r r e c t reading t h e handle must be gripped a s i f hold'ing a

C o r r e c t method of holding a screwdriver torque wrench

ROLLS-ROYCE ,ER0 ENGINE

( 2 ) Screwdriver type wrenches i n s e r v i c e must be i n s p e c t e d f o r accuracy.

bolts. The power wrench must be set t o give 50 per c e n t of the f i n a l 8

9. Toraue mu1 t i p l i e r .rl

C. Where t h e e x t e n s i o n has t o be f i t t e d a t t h e a l t e r n a t i v e p o s i t i o n because

2. Length B should be measured p a r a l l e l t o t h e torque wrench l e v e r

. NOTE: The l e n g t h s A and B may be i n any u n i t s , Imperial o r

Torque wrench and ex t e n s i o n

Torque t i g h t e n i n g technique (cont. )

11. In-buil t (locking) torque f o r . s e l f -locking f a s t e n e r s

A. The i n - b u i l t torque is t h e torque required t o s t a r t t h e nut o r setscrew

(1) The nut i s engaged on t h e stud or b o l t ( o r t h e setscrew i s engaged i n

( 2 ) There i s : n o a x i a l load on the nut or b o l t .

B. Do n o t a l t e r t h e i n - b u i l t torque of a nut o r i n s e r t by 'crimping' the

IN-BUILT LOCKING TORQUE

C. There a r e v a r i o u s methods of checkkng locking torque b u t t h e u l t i m a t e

necessary t o measure l o c k i n g torque during f i n a l f i t t i n g , and some

(3) On a l l f a s t e n e r s i z e s above 0.250 i n . , whether t h e torque load i s

a D. To ensure t h e c o r r e c t l o c k i n g torque during f i n a l f i t t i n g , f a s t e n e r s may

Torque check gauges

12. F i t t i n g non s e l f - l o c k i n g n u t s t o s t u d s o r b o l t s ; a l s o f i t t i n g b o l t s , used

A. Apply t h e s t a n d a r d torque loads l i s t e d i n F i g . 7 u n l e s s s p e c i a l torque

Nm lbf. in, lbf. in. 24

Torque t i g h t e n i n g technique (cont. )

13. F i t t i n g s e l f - l o c k i n g n u t s t o s t u d s and b o l t s ; a l s o b o l t s used a s setscrews,

A. Apply t h e standard torque l o a d s l i s t e d i n Fig.8 u n l e s s s p e c i a l torque loads

l2 B. S e l f - l o c k i n g n u t s and i n s e r t s have a l i m i t e d l i f e which depends, mainly,

Unplated and s i l v e r p l a t e d Cadmium p l a t e d

Standard torque l o a d s f o r s e l f -locking n u t s , setscrews i n wire-thread