__________1.
Results from tissue digestion disrupting the hydrophobic interactions that
by intracellular enzymes that are released
when organelle membranes rupture;
__________2. Bacterial decomposition or
brought about by microorganisms which
may already be present in the specimen;
__________3. Act by cross-linking proteins;
__________4. Are protein-denaturing
agents;
__________5. Those that permit the
general microscopic study of tissue
structures without altering the structural
pattern and normal intercellular relationship
of the tissues in question;
___________6. Preserve specific parts and
particular microscopic elements of the cell
itself;
___________7. Used to remove osmic acid;
formalin; chromates;
___________8. Remove excess picric acid
(Bouin’s Solution)
___________9. Remove excess mercuric
fixatives;
___________10. A well-known artifact that
may be produced under acid conditions;
___________11. It is an artifact that may be
found in surgical specimens particularly in
liver biopsies, associated with an intense
eosinophilic staining at the center of the
tissue in H&E stained sections;
___________12. Due to partial coagulation
of partially fixed protein by ethanol or by
incomplete wax impregnation during
subsequent histological processing;
____________13. One of several so-called
‘HIER’ (heat induced epitope retrieval)
methods;
____________14. Act by creating covalent
chemical bonds between proteins in tissue.
This anchors soluble proteins to the
cytoskeleton, and lends additional rigidity to
the tissue;
____________15. Act by reducing the
solubility of protein molecules and (often) by
give many proteins their tertiary structure;
____________16. The most widely used
fixative for routine histology;
___________17. Considered the fixative of
choice for many other procedures that
require paraffin embedding, including
immunohistochemistry and interphase
Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization (FISH);
___________18. If there is a necessary
delay in fixation, the tissue should be
immersed in cold;
___________19. Best known mixture of
fixative;
___________20. Another aldehyde which
has been introduced as a mixture with
glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde;
___________21. Alternatives to mercuric
chloride formulations; They are said to give
improved results with
immunohistochemistry;
___________22. Simple microanatomical
fixative; Recommended for fixation of
central nervous tissues and general post-
mortem tissues for histochemical
examination;
____________23. Prevents precipitation of
acid formalin pigments on postmortem
tissue;
____________24. Best fixative for tissues
containing iron pigments and for elastic
fibers.
____________25. A polymerized form of
formaldehyde, usually obtained as a fine
white powder, which depolymerizes back to
formalin when heated;
____________26. Suitable for use when
preparing samples for light microscopy in
resin embedding, sectioning, and electron
microscopy;
_____________27. Made up of two
formaldehyde residues, linked by a three
carbon chain;
_____________28. Excellent for fixing dry
and wet smears, blood smears and bone
marrow tissues; For fixing and drying;
_____________29. Used for fixing touch
preparations or for methods that Wright
stain is involved;
_____________30. Buffered glutaraldehyde
followed by osmium tetroxide as secondary
fixation is used for;
______________31. 2.5% Glutaraldehyde;
______________32. 4% Glutaraldehyde
_______________33. Used at
concentrations of 70-100%; Simple fixative;
_______________34. The most rapid
fixative and may be used for urgent biopsy
specimens;
______________35. Has been used on
frozen sections and smears; It can produce
fair results after conventional processing;
______________36. Preserves nucleic
acids but extracts lipids;
_______________37. Combines a
denaturing fixative with the additive and
cross-linking effects of formalin;
_______________38. Used for fixation or
post-fixation of large fatty specimens
(particularly breast);
_______________39. Faster acting agent
than alcoholic formalin due to the presence
of acetic acid that can also produce formalin
pigment;
_______________40. Recommended for
fixing mucopolysaccharides and nuclear
proteins;
_______________41. Produces better
reaction in Feulgen stain than Carnoy's
fluid;
_______________42. Acts both as a
nuclear and histochemical fixative;
_______________43. Fix tissues through
an unknown mechanism that increases
staining brightness and gives excellent
nuclear detail;
_______________44. For fixation of
hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial
tissues;
_______________45. Most common
metallic fixative, used as a secondary
fixative which can cause black precipitates;
_______________46. Remedy for no.45
_______________47. Used as an
alternative to formaldehyde-based fixatives
to overcome poor cytological preservation;
_______________48. Mercuric deposits
may be removed by immersing tissues in
alcoholic iodine solution prior to staining,
through a process known as;
a. Autolysis b. Dezenkerization
_______________49. Done by oxidation
with iodine to form mercuric iodide, which
can be subsequently removed by treatment
with sodium thiosulfate;
________________50. Excellent fixative for
bone marrow, extramedullary
hematopoiesis and intercalated discs of
cardiac muscle;
________________51. For pituitary gland,
bone marrow and blood containing organs
such as spleen and liver;
________________52. Contain mercuric
chloride as stock solution. Glacial acetic
acid is added to prevent turbidity; formation
of dark precipitates;
________________53. Excellent to use at
all forms of tissues; for fixing small pieces of
liver, spleen, connective tissue; nuclei;
_________________54. For identifying
normal and abnormal cell types in bone
marrow (hematopoietic tissue) specimens;
___________55. Recommended mainly for
tumor biopsies especially of the skin; it is an
excellent cytologic fixative;
___________56. Pale yellow powder that is
expensive;
___________57. Traditionally used in
electron microscopy both as a fixative and a
heavy metal stain;
___________58. A good fixative and
excellent stain for lipids in membranous
structures and vesicles;
___________59. The most common
chrome-osmium acetic acid fixative used,
recommended for nuclear preparation of
such sections;
___________60. Made up only of chromic
and osmic acid, recommended for
cytoplasmic structures;
___________61. Used in 1-2% aqueous
solution, usually as a constituent of a
compound fixative;
___________62. It precipitates all proteins
and adequately preserves carbohydrates;
___________63. A strong oxidizing agent;
hence, a strong reducing agent must be
added to prevent counteracting effects;
___________64. Used in a 3% aqueous
solution; do not precipitated cytoplasmic
and preserves lipids;
___________65. More rapidly than Orth's
fluid. For the demonstration of chromatin,
mitochondria, mitotic figures, Golgi bodies,
RBC and colloid-containing tissues;
___________66. For study of early
degenerative processes; necrotic tissue;
ricketssie or other bacteria and preserves
Myelin than buffered formalin;
___________67. Penetrate tissue well to
react with histones and basic proteins;
___________68. Good fixative for
connective tissue, preserves glycogen well,
and extracts lipids to give superior results in
immunostaining of biogenic and polypeptide
hormones;
___________69. Picric acid can cause
yellow pigment; Remedy for this are;
____________70. Recommended for
fixation of embryos, pituitary biopsies,
gastro-intestinal tract; animal embryos,
endocrine glands;
____________71. It preserves glycogen
well but usually lyses erythrocytes;
____________72. It is recommended for
gastro-intestinal tract specimens and
fixation of endocrine tissues. It produces
less lysis than Bouin’s Solution. It has some
decalcifying properties;
____________73. An alcoholic Bouin’s
solution that appears to improve upon
ageing; It is highly recommended for the
preservation of glycogen and other
carbohydrates;
___________74. Less "messy" than Bouin's
solution; It is an excellent fixative for
glycogen;
___________75. A colorless liquid that
when undiluted is also called “Glacial”;
___________76. For the preservation of
nuclei/nucleoproteins;
___________77. Used in 4% aqueous
solution; Recommended for acid
mucopolysaccharides; It fixes connective
tissue mucin;
__________78. Used as a weak
decalcifying agent;
__________79. Always used alone and
without dilution;
__________80. For diagnostic of rabies;
For Brain; For lipases and phosphatases;
__________81. Provides a stable medium
for transport of fresh unfixed tissues, such
as renal, skin and oral mucosa biopsies;
_____________82. Removal of calcium
ions from a bone or calcified tissue through
a histological process that makes them
flexible and easier to cut;
_____________83. Most common and the
fastest decalcifying agent;
_____________84. A decalcifying agent
used for urgent biopsies;
_____________85. Slower action and
greater distortion of tissue produced on the
decalcified section;
_____________86. Weak acid in decalcifying
agents;
_____________87. Very weak decalcifying
solution suitable only for minute pieces of bone;