Cell Structure

Cell Membrane
-phospholipid bilayer
- Separates the contents of
the cell from its environment
- Protects the cell from
unwanted molecules.
Cell Wall
-extra barrier in plants.
-has microscopic channels
called
-allows transport and
communication between
plant cells.
Cytoplasm
- jelly-like substance
- where the
organelles and
cytoskeleton
float around
Cytoskeleton
- Maintains the shape of the
cell.
-includes microfilaments and
microtubules.
Genetic Material

- dictates what the cell does

and how it should do its job.
-necessary for cell division.
 Organelles
- “little organs”
- specialized parts of the cell
Nucleus
-contains the genetic
material of the cell.
-”control center”
Nucleolus
-produces ribosomes.
Ribosomes
-has the job of synthesizing
proteins.
-free ribosome, attached
ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER -has ribosomes attached.

Smooth ER -no ribosomes attached.

Rough ER
-where proteins are -transported via
produced by ribosomes
Golgi Body
-modifies the proteins
Vacuole
-sac-like structures that store different
materials
-smaller and scattered in animal cells,
-larger and centralized in plant cells.
Mitochondria
-powerhouse of the cell.
-produces molecules
-provide energy for all of
the cell’s activities.
Mitochondria
-powerhouse of the cell.
-produces molecules
-can replicate itself.
Chloroplast
-where photosynthesis occurs.
-glucose (or starch) and oxygen is produced.
-has pigments called that makes that
makes the plant appear green.
-can replicate itself.
Endosymbiosis Theory
-ancient eukaryotes lived symbiotically with
bacterias (energy-producing).
Endosymbiosis Theory
-later on, during eukaryotic cell division, the bacteria
has also divided and became part of the daughter
cells forming the mitochondrion.
Endosymbiosis Theory
-energy-producing eukaryotes also lived
symbiotically with photosynthetic bacteria.
Endosymbiosis Theory
-with the same process, the photosynthetic bacteria
also divided during a eukaryotic cell division and
became part of the daughter cell as chloroplast.
Lysosome
-acts as the garbage collector of the cell
-possesses enzymes that breakdown the
cellular debris.
-only present in animal cells and vascular
flowering plants
Centrosome
-produces and organizes the microtubules of the
cytoskeleton
-pulls chromatids during cell division
-only present in animal cells.