This document provides instructions for producing wine from fruit juices, including classifying fruits based on hardness and extracting their juices, adjusting sugar content, sterilizing and fermenting the must with yeast, racking/decanting, bottling, and aging the wine. Examples of fruits commonly used for winemaking in the Philippines are listed such as duhat, bignay, cashew, banana, and pineapple. The steps described include extracting juice from fruits, adjusting sugar levels, sterilizing and fermenting the must, racking/decanting, bottling, and aging the final wine product.
This document provides instructions for producing wine from fruit juices, including classifying fruits based on hardness and extracting their juices, adjusting sugar content, sterilizing and fermenting the must with yeast, racking/decanting, bottling, and aging the wine. Examples of fruits commonly used for winemaking in the Philippines are listed such as duhat, bignay, cashew, banana, and pineapple. The steps described include extracting juice from fruits, adjusting sugar levels, sterilizing and fermenting the must, racking/decanting, bottling, and aging the final wine product.
This document provides instructions for producing wine from fruit juices, including classifying fruits based on hardness and extracting their juices, adjusting sugar content, sterilizing and fermenting the must with yeast, racking/decanting, bottling, and aging the wine. Examples of fruits commonly used for winemaking in the Philippines are listed such as duhat, bignay, cashew, banana, and pineapple. The steps described include extracting juice from fruits, adjusting sugar levels, sterilizing and fermenting the must, racking/decanting, bottling, and aging the final wine product.
Introduction • The Philippines fruits, like most tropical fruits, develop full flavor when ripe and do not keep well under refrigeration. • During their season of production, a considerable percentage of the fruits are not harvested due to lack of demand. • Many of these fruits, however, could be processed into high valued wines. Introduction • Utilization of native fruits for alcoholic drinks in the Philippines is gaining popularity. • The most common fruits being utilized for wine making are duhat, bignay, cashew, banana, pineapple and others. • Processing waste (trimmings) from fruit jam, jelly can also be used in wine making. Source of Juice for Wine Making • Fruits • Juice Fruit Requirements • Fruits should be suitable for wine making. • They should be medium ripe, free from soil, bruises and microbial infection. Classification of Fruits for Wine Production • Soft • Medium-hard • Hard • Citrus Classification of Fruits for Wine Production • Soft Ø Extremely hard to extract. • Medium-hard Ø Pulp is produced instead of • Hard the free running juice. • Citrus Ø Addition of water before maceration. Ø Juice can be extracted by pressing using cheesecloth (katsa). Classification of Fruits for Wine Production • Soft Examples: • Medium-hard o Atis o Guyabano • Hard o Anonas o Mango • Citrus o Bignay o Sampaloc o Duhat o Banana Classification of Fruits for Wine Production • Soft Ø Extremely hard to extract. • Medium-hard Ø Pulp is produced instead of • Hard the free running juice. • Citrus Ø Addition of water before maceration. Ø Juice can be extracted by pressing using cheesecloth (katsa). Classification of Fruits for Wine Production • Soft Examples: • Medium-hard o Balimbing • Hard o Kamias • Citrus o Passion fruit o Pineapple Classification of Fruits for Wine Production • Soft Ø Normally, hard or dry fruits • Medium-hard are boiled to facilitate extraction of juice. • Hard Ø Fruits are cut into small pieces • Citrus before boiling to ensure maximum extraction of juice. Classification of Fruits for Wine Production • Soft Examples: • Medium-hard o Bayabas • Hard o Santol • Citrus Classification of Fruits for Wine Production • Soft Ø Juice of citrus fruits can be • Medium-hard easily obtained by hand squeezing or with the use of a • Hard juicer. • Citrus Ø Since skin of citrus fruits are rich in essential oil which is toxic to the yeast, care must be observed during extraction of juice. Classification of Fruits for Wine Production • Soft Examples: • Medium-hard o Dalanghita • Hard o Suha • Citrus Classification of Fruits for Wine Production • Soft • Medium-hard Ø The extracted juice from the • Hard fruit is called “must”. • Citrus Dilution with Water • Water may be added to the fruit before and after the extraction of the juice depending on the kind of fruit. • Dilution of the fruits with water facilitates extraction of the juice. Dilution with Water • Water may be added to the fruit before and after the extraction of the juice depending on the kind of fruit. • Dilution of the fruits with water facilitates extraction of the juice. Treatment of the Must 1. Chemical sterilization 2. Pasteurization Treatment of the Must 1. Chemical sterilization • Potassium or sodium 2. Pasteurization metabisulfite is employed to kill spoilage organisms in the must. • 5 mL of 10% metabisulfite solution per gallon of fruit must. Treatment of the Must 1. Chemical sterilization • Pasteurize the must for 2. Pasteurization 30 min at 60-65oC. (Note: Start timing when the temperature reaches at 60oC) Adjustment of Sugar Content • Sugar is an essential constituent of all wine must because it is fermented to alcohol by yeast. • It is cheap, readily available and easily utilized by yeasts. • 20% - dry wines; 25% - sweet wines • A refractometer is used to measure the sugar content. Adjustment of Sugar Content • Sugar is an essential constituent of all wine must because it is fermented to alcohol by yeast. • It is cheap, readily available and easily utilized by yeasts. • 20% - dry wines; 25% - sweet wines • A refractometer is used to measure the sugar content. Adjustment of Sugar Content • Sugar is an essential constituent of all wine must because it is fermented to alcohol by yeast. • It is cheap, readily available and easily utilized by yeasts. • 20% - dry wines; 25% - sweet wines • A refractometer is used to measure the sugar content. Adjustment of Sugar Content • Formulation of ingredients
% Sucrose of apple juice:
25 g / 240 mL x 100 = 10.42
or 10.4% Activation of Dry Yeast • Instant dry yeast – it can be mixed straight to the must after pasteurization and cooled at 40-50oC. • Active dry yeast – activate in 50 mL of pasteurized and cooled (40-50oC) must. Fermentation • Air should be excluded by employing a fermentation lock or water seal. Fermentation Racking or Decantation • Racking – process of decantation of clear or clearing wines from deposit dead yeast cells and other insoluble matter by siphoning. • Wines are usually racked twice. • Failure to rack may introduce a musty off-flavor. Degassing • Degassing – removal of carbon dioxide - stirring - using a vacuum pump Bottling • Cover with cork and seal with paraffin wax after transferring in clean wine bottles. • Finally, cover with PVC tear tape and label the bottles. Bottling Aging • Most wines will continue to improve the flavor and aroma during storage for several years. Wine from Apple Juice Ø Fermentation: 12 days Ø Sugar content: 18-23% Ø Alcohol contents (ABV): - Approx. 8.4, 9, 10