23.08.

2010

Institutional Background for

Social Entrepreneurship:
Civil Society & Trust in Europe
Seminar on Social Entrepreneurship
European Forum Alpbach 2010

Third Sectors compared

MEX
H
TCH

I
E
Mean
A
D

S
BEL
NL

0,0% 2,0% 4,0% 6,0% 8,0% 10,0% 12,0% 14,0% 16,0%

% of econ. active population w orking in NPOs

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 23.08.2010

Civic Participation

1. Membership

2. Political engagement

3. Voluntary work

4. Informal participation
Civic Participation
5. Friends in voluntary
organisations

6. Donating money

SEITE 3

Membership (Alpha = .60)

Are you a member of any of these voluntary organisations?

(now or in the last 12 months)

… a sports club
… an organisation for cultural activities
… a trade union
… a business organisation
… a consumer organisation
… an organisation for human rights/minorities
… an organisation for environmental protection
… a religious organisation
… a political party
… an organisation for science/education
… a social club (for the young/elderly/women)
FOLIE 4
… any other voluntary organisation?

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 23.08.2010

Membership

Sweden
Denmark
Norway
Netherlands
Austria
Luxembourg
Ireland
Belgium
Finland
United Kingdom
Germany
Israel
France
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Portugal
Hungary
Greece
ESS 2002
Poland
-0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8
SEITE 5

Political engagement (Alpha = .71)

There are different ways of trying to improve things in your country.

During the last 12 months, have you done any of the following?

… Contacted a politician/government official

… Worked in a political party
... Worked in another organisation
... Displayed a campaign sticker
... Signed a petition
... Taken part in a lawful public demonstration
... Boycotted certain products
... Deliberately bought certain products for political/ethical reasons
... Donated money to a political group

FOLIE 6

3
 23.08.2010

Political engagement

Norway
Sweden
Finland
Austria
Denmark
Germany
France
Luxembourg
United Kingdom
Belgium
Ireland
Netherlands
Israel
Spain
Italy
Slovenia
Greece
Portugal ESS 2002
Poland
Hungary
SEITE 7
-0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8

Voluntary work (Alpha = .55)

Are you doing voluntary work in any of these voluntary organisations? (now or in the
last 12 months)

… a sports club
… an organisation for cultural activities
… a trade union
… a business organisation
… a consumer organisation
… an organisation for human rights/minorities
… an organisation for environmental protection
… a religious organisation
… a political party
… an organisation for science/education
… a social club (for the young/elderly/women)
FOLIE 8
… any other voluntary organisation?

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 23.08.2010

Voluntary work

Norway
Sweden
Netherlands
Belgium
Denmark
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Slovenia
Ireland
Austria
Luxembourg
Finland
Hungary
Israel
Spain
Greece
Portugal
Poland
ESS 2002
Italy
-0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8
SEITE 9

Informal participation (Alpha = .58)

Have you participated in any of these voluntary organisations?

(now or in the last 12 months)

… a sports club
… an organisation for cultural activities
… a trade union
… a business organisation
… a consumer organisation
… an organisation for human rights/minorities
… an organisation for environmental protection
… a religious organisation
… a political party
… an organisation for science/education
… a social club (for the young/elderly/women)
FOLIE
10 … any other voluntary organisation?

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 23.08.2010

Informal participation

Belgium
United Kingdom
Sweden
Denmark
Norway
Germany
Netherlands
Ireland
France
Austria
Finland
Israel
Luxembourg
Spain
Italy
Slovenia
Hungary
Portugal
Greece
ESS 2002
Poland
-0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8
SEITE 11

Donating money (Alpha = .59)

Have you donated money to any of these voluntary organisations?

(now or in the last 12 months)

… a sports club
… an organisation for cultural activities
… a trade union
… a business organisation
… a consumer organisation
… an organisation for human rights/minorities
… an organisation for environmental protection
… a religious organisation
… a political party
… an organisation for science/education
… a social club (for the young/elderly/women)
FOLIE
12 … any other voluntary organisation?

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 23.08.2010

Donating money

Netherlands
Austria
United Kingdom
Sweden
Norway
Ireland
Denmark
Germany
Slovenia
Belgium
France
Luxembourg
Portugal
Finland
Spain
Israel
Poland
Italy ESS 2002
Greece
Hungary
SEITE 13
-0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8

Country cluster

High participation Low participation In-between

Membership 0,4002 -0,4788 0,0756

Political engagement 0,1915 -0,3396 0,1524
Voluntary work 0,2109 -0,209 -0,0433
Informal participation 0,2252 -0,2458 0,009
Friends -0,2208 0,2776 0,2916
Donations 0,2248 -0,2364 -0,0455
N (country) 8 8 4
Austria Spain France
Belgium Greece Finland
Germany Hungary Ireland
Denmark Israel Luxembourg
United Kingdom Italy
Netherlands Poland
Sweden Slovenia

FOLIE
14

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 23.08.2010

What determines Engagement?

Top ten impact factors on Top ten impact factors on

Membership (Pseudo Beta Political Engagement (Pseudo Beta
R²=.15) R²=.10)
Political Rights 0.2545 Political Interest & Competence 0.2312
Employment Rate 0.2136 Employment Rate -0.2183
Years of Democracy 0.1539 Corruption Perception Index 0.2064
Total State Expenditure 0.1512 Citizenship Values 0.1409
Distribution of Income -0.1451 Member of discriminated group 0.0802
Highest Level of Education 0.1404 Highest Level of Education 0.0778
Size of Bureaucracy -0.1327 Social Networks and Activities 0.0724
Citizenship Values 0.1263 Trust in Political Institutions -0.0584
Participation in Paid Work 0.1189 ISEI (Occupational Status) 0.0547
Religiousness 0.1122 Poor state of Health 0.0405

Regions of Trust

 Trust in Economy: New Member States, SEE

Countries
 Trust in Government: Nordic Countries,
BENELUX
 Trust in Civil Society: Austria, Switzerland,
Germany, France, UK

FOLIE 16

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Trust in Politicians

FOLIE
17 ESS 2002

Trust in Legal System

FOLIE 18
ESS 2002

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Trust in Financial System

FOLIE
19 ESS 2002

Trust in Economcy vs.

Government

FOLIE
20 ESS 2002

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Trust in Economy vs. Trust in

Government

FOLIE
21

Discussion

• Trust in economy: little variance bw. European

countries
• Trust in governance: larger variance bw. Coutries –
nortwest to southeast
• CEE & SEE:
• Weak civil societies (in terms of membership, volunteering,
donating)
• Less political engagement
• Rel. High trust in economy
• Fertile ground for SE

11