1. How will you describe the pre-modern era technologies?

When nanostructure materials were first developed, craftspeople used their knowledge of
materials to create prototypes. High temperatures were used frequently in their methods
to create these unique materials. Nano composites have been used in a number of well-
known instances of ancient artifacts.

- When it comes to Roman art, the Lycurgus cup is a wonderful example. When light
is shone through it, the glass changes color. Glass is coated with gold-silver alloyed
nanoparticles that make it appear green in reflected light, but when light enters the
cup, it shows a vivid crimson.
- Known as Maya Blue, this corrosion-resistant azure pigment was first made around
AD800 in the Pre-Columbian Mayan City of Chichen Itza. Clay with nanopores and
indigo dye were chemically mixed to produce an environmentally-safe pigment.
- With its incredible strength and resistance to shatter, as well as their extraordinarily
sharp cutting edge, Damascus steel sword from the Middle East is renowned. There
are aligned nanoscale wire and tube-like structures embedded in the steel blades,
which are likely to have improved their characteristics.

2. How will you describe nanotechnology in the modern era?

These are based on increased scientific knowledge, apparatus, and experimentation. The
level of inventions and their perfection rose with time and technology. These are some
modern examples of nanotechnology.
- Colloidal “ruby” gold was found by Michael Faraday in 1857.
- It was conceived in 1981 by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM's Zurich lab,
allowing scientists to “see” individual atoms. The scanning tunneling microscope was
invented in 1981 and used to handle individual atoms in 1989. The same year, Binnig,
Quate, and Gerber invented the atomic force microscope.
- Products utilizing nanotechnology include lightweight nanotechnology-enabled
automobile bumpers that resist denting and scratching, golf-balls that fly straighter,
tennis rackets that are stiffer, baseball bats with better flex and kick, nano-silver
antibacterial socks and clear sunscreen.