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    ACT - Ziegler-Nichols Tuning

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    Madan Bhojle
    The document summarizes the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method for PID controllers. It describes the original open-loop and closed-loop tuning methods developed in the 1940s, which determine PID parameters from process response tests. It also notes that modern tools like ACT-TOP use refined versions of these methods that require less oscillation and fewer data points. The document concludes by stating these modern methods calculate more optimized PID constants and model-based controls from the same test data.

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    ACT - Ziegler-Nichols Tuning

    Uploaded by

    Madan Bhojle
    127 views3 pages
    The document summarizes the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method for PID controllers. It describes the original open-loop and closed-loop tuning methods developed in the 1940s, which determine PID parameters from process response tests. It also notes that modern tools like ACT-TOP use refined versions of these methods that require less oscillation and fewer data points. The document concludes by stating these modern methods calculate more optimized PID constants and model-based controls from the same test data.

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    The document summarizes the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method for PID controllers. It describes the original open-loop and closed-loop tuning methods developed in the 1940s, which determine PID parameters from process response tests. It also notes that modern tools like ACT-TOP use refined versions of these methods that require less oscillation and fewer data points. The document concludes by stating these modern methods calculate more optimized PID constants and model-based controls from the same test data.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    127 views3 pages

    ACT - Ziegler-Nichols Tuning

    Uploaded by

    Madan Bhojle
    The document summarizes the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method for PID controllers. It describes the original open-loop and closed-loop tuning methods developed in the 1940s, which determine PID parameters from process response tests. It also notes that modern tools like ACT-TOP use refined versions of these methods that require less oscillation and fewer data points. The document concludes by stating these modern methods calculate more optimized PID constants and model-based controls from the same test data.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    ACT - Ziegler-Nichols Tuning ftp://ftp.controltechnology.com/public/training/Train_1/train/PID%20pr...

    ZIEGLER - NICHOLS PID TUNING

    In order to address an FAQ we present here a brief overview of the Ziegler-Nichols (short: Z-N) tuning methods

    Ziegler and Nichols have developed PID tuning methods back in the early fourties based on open loop tests (less
    known than for example the Cohen-Coon formulas) and also based on a closed loop test, which is maybe their most
    widely known achievement.

    The open loop method allows to calculate PID parameters from the process parameters. The procedure:

    Step 1: Make an open loop plant test (e.g. a step test)


    Step 2: Determine the process parameters: Process gain, deadtime, time constant (see below: draw a
    tangent through the
    inflection point and measure L and T as shown. By the way: Today we have better and easier methods).
    Step 3: Calculate the parameters according to the following formulas:

    K = time constant / (process gain * deadtime)

    PI: Proportional gain = 0.9 * K, integral time = 3.3 * deadtime

    PID: Proportional gain = 1.2 * K, integral time = 2 * deadtime, derivative time = 0.5 * deadtime

    Process gain = dPV / dOP, deadtime = L, time constant = T

    The closed loop method prescribes the following procedure:

    Step 1: Disable any D and I action of the controller (--> pure P-controller)
    Step 2: Make a setpoint step test and observe the response
    Step 3: Repeat the SP test with increased / decreased controller gain until a stable oscillation is achieved.
    This gain is called the "ultimate gain" Ku.
    Step 4: Read the oscillation period Pu.
    Step 5: Calculate the parameters according to the following formulas:

    PI: Proportional gain = 0.45 * Ku, integral time =Pu / 1.2

    PID: Proportional gain = 0.6 * Ku, integral time =Pu / 2, derivative time = Tu / 8

    1 of 3 03-05-2011 19:26
    ACT - Ziegler-Nichols Tuning ftp://ftp.controltechnology.com/public/training/Train_1/train/PID%20pr...

    Characterization:

    Both methods give a good starting point but require further fine-tuning.
    The open loop method is based on a measurement range of 0-100 and continuous control. This requires
    adjustments for other measurement ranges and for the control interval in digital systems (the method was
    developed in the times when only analog controllers existed).
    The closed loop methods does not require adjustments, a big advantage, since both process and controller
    are part of the test, but suffers from one major disadvantage: Bringing the loop into stable, sustained
    oscillation is simply out of the question for industrial processes.
    Both methods do not distinguish between setpoint and load tuning and are for self- regulating processes only,
    not for integrating processes like liquid level.

    Today's technology:

    In our tools ACT-TOP and TOPAS a refined Z-N methods is used:

    A) Closed loop test: The basic approach is the same as with the original Z-N but with one major improvement:
    Stable oscillation is not required any more. In addition, the tools not only calculate the PID constants but also the
    process parameters- just from one setpoint test - and just by taking 5 data points!

    B) Open loop test: ACT-TOP and TOPAS provide several methods to calculate the process parameters from a step
    or a relay test. Once the process parameters are known you can calculate refined PID constants (less overshoot,
    smoother approach than Z-N) for both setpoint tuning and load tuning (P-action on error or PV) using ACT's
    proprietary methods. And you can calculate tuning constants for tight and average level control - to your
    specification.
    For the more curious: Since the process parameters are known you can also compare (and measure the
    performance) of the PID with model based control right away - without any prior knowledge.

    More info: Click here!

    Back to Main Page

    Information about:

    2 of 3 03-05-2011 19:26
    ACT - Ziegler-Nichols Tuning ftp://ftp.controltechnology.com/public/training/Train_1/train/PID%20pr...

    Training Courses | AMC - Model Based Control Technology | Management of Advanced Control | ACT-TOP

    ACT GmbH, Postfach 8, A 7400 Oberwart, Austria


    Brussels office: Madeliefjeslaan 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium (++32)-2-767-0895

    3 of 3 03-05-2011 19:26

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