FINAL CHAPTER 1-5.edited

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION I-COLLEGE
College of Arts and Sciences

#47 A. Bonifacio Street, Poblacion, Santa Maria, Bulacan
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

EFFECTIVENESS OF MOBILE PATROL IN CRIME
PREVENTION AT THE MUNICIPALITY OF
SANTA, MARIA BULACAN:
AN ASSESSMENT
A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the
Immaculate Conception I-college of Arts and Technology
Santa Maria, Bulacan
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
By:
De Lumin, Andrei L.
Espiritu, Mika M.
Evangelista, Karlo T.
May 2021
APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Criminology this
thesis entitled “Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention At the
Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan: An Assessment” was prepared and
submitted by De Lumin, James Andrei L., Espiritu Mika M., Evangelista,
Karlo T. who are recommended for Oral Examination.
Carlito C. Pijano
Adviser
Approval as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology.
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of
Science in Criminology.
Romeo A. Gernale
Dean College of Criminology
ENDORSEMENT SHEET

This is to certify that the thesis of De Lumin, James Andrei L., Espiritu,
Mika M., Evangelista, Karlo T., entitled “ Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in
Crime Prevention At the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan: An
Assessment, has been examined and recommended for oral examination.
Carlito C. Pijano
Adviser
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to thank the following for the accomplishment
of this study.
To their Almighty God, for being the true and infinite source of wisdom and
understanding for his never-failing guidance and support and his ever-lasting
love. This will not be possible without his mercy and grace. For everything that
they do, they do for the glory of God.
To their beloved adviser, Prof. Carlito C. Pijano, for his excellent advice,
comments, and suggestions, and for his time and effort to guide the researchers
in doing this research.
The researchers would like to extend their gratitude to the panel of
examiners, Prof. Megan Marcelo, Prof. Princess Saharah Villegas, Prof. Kier
Gabriel Tampos and Prof. Michael Uher Ilomin for their advice, comments, and
suggestions which contributed to the betterment of the study.
To Dr. Romeo A. Gernale, Head of CAS Department of the Immaculate
Conception I-College, Santa Maria, Bulacan and to the administrator, staff, and
particularly for the Police Officer in charge in patrolling and Santa Maria Traffic
Management Unit for allowing the researchers to analyze and be aware towards

the Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention at Santa Maria Bulacan
and providing them the necessary information needed in their research.
To their parents, for providing them the knowledge that helped the
researchers to improve their study. Thank you for the patience and
understanding that you have given them.
To their family and friends, for their deep love for providing the
researchers the financial, spiritual, and moral support and believing in their skills
to accomplish their goals. The researchers are grateful beyond measure.
DE LUMIN, JAMEAS ANDREI L.
ESPIRITU, MIKA S.
EVANGELISTA, KARLO T.
ABSTRACT
Title: Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention at The
Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan: An Assessment


Researchers: De Lumin, James Andrei L., Espiritu, Mika M., Evangelista,
Karlo T.
Degree: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Institution: Immaculate Conception I-College, Santa Maria, Bulacan
Year: 2021
Adviser: Carlito C. Pijano
Mobile Patrol plays a vital role in preventing and deterring crimes to
ensure the safety of all it’s constituents whom the Police Officer in charge in
patrolling and Santa Maria Traffic Management Unit has the biggest role and
contribution within the Municipality. This study aims to determine the
Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention at The Municipality of Santa
Maria Bulacan: An Assessment. The Descriptive research method was used to
gather the needed information for this study through the use of Qualitative
Approach. Furthermore, Survey Questionnaire and Interview was used as the
primary source of details in the collection of data from the 25 Santa Maria Traffic
Management Unit and 25 Police Officer in charge in Patrolling in the Municipality
of Santa Maria, Bulacan. In addition, the researchers provide answers on the
Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of Age, Gender, and Years of
Experience. Also, The Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol as perceived by the
community in terms of providing security and protection to the community and


contribution of patrolling in suppressing crime. Moreover, the researchers used
the following statistical treatment of data such as the frequency, percentage,
weighted mean, and standard deviation. The study found out that the Mobile
Patrol implemented at the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan in providing
security and protection is Effective with a mean of 3.69 and Virtual Interpretation
of Always. While contribution of Mobile Patrol in suppressing crime also
revealed as Always Effective with a mean of 3.60. Based on the result of the
study it can be implicated that patrolling is effective program implemented by the
Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan. Due to the result found out, Mobile Patrol
can contribute to reducing crime rates. These ideas may provide improvement
and strengthen more the ways of SMTMU and Police Patrol Officer’s ways in
providing security and protection to community by having a good communication
that leads to great strategies to continue the effectivity of this program.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………………………..i
APPROVAL SHEET……………………………………………………………….ii
ENDORSEMENT SHEET………………………………………………………………...iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………….....iv

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….........................vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………..viii
Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction ……………………………………….….………………………....…11
Background of the Study ……….……………………...…..………….…...…....14
Theoretical Framework ……………….………………..…………………...…....16
Conceptual Framework ………………….……………….…...….……………...18
Statement of the Problem …………………………. …...…..…………….........20
Scope and Limitations of the Study …………. ……..………...………..……...21
Significance of the Study …………. ……………………….....…….…..………22
Definition of Terms …………………….………………….......…...……….……24
Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES


Foreign Related Literature ………….………………….......…...……….….….26
Local Related Literature …………………………..…….………….…...……...28
Foreign Related Studies ………………………………………..………..….… 30
Local Related Studies ………………………………………………....………..32
Synthesis Relevant to the Study …………………….……………..……….....40
Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHOD
Research Method Used……….………………….......…...……….……….…..41
Research Instrument……….………………….......…...……….…….………...42
Validation of Instrument……….………………….......…...……….…………...43
Data Gathering Procedure……….………………….......…...……….………...44
Statistical Treatment of Data…………………………………………………….45
Chapter 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Frequency distribution according to Age……….……………………………...47
Frequency distribution according to Gender…………………………………..48
Frequency distribution according to years of experience………...………….49
Effectiveness of Patrolling in Providing Security and Protection……………50
Contributing of Patrolling in suppressing Crime………………………………53
Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings…………………………….……………………………...55
Conclusions……………………………………………………………………....56
Recommendations…………………………………………………...………….58
References………………………………………………………………………….60
Appendices…………………………………………………………………………64
Appendix 1 Letter of Request for Permission to Conduct Survey…………………65
Appendix 2 Research Instrument Checklist………………………………………….67
Appendix 3 Curriculum Vitae…………………………………………………………..69
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND
Introduction

Mobile Patrol plays an important role in public service by responding to
incidents, deterring, and preventing Crimes. It can give a sense of security to
people who need protection and discourage those who may commit crimes by
the presence of a patrol. The Philippine National Police and Traffic
Management Unit goal is to provide peace and order as they are vested with
the authority to enforce the law and keep the country safe and peaceful. One
product of a stress-laden society is increased violence and crime. Criminal
apprehension and crime prevention are One of the most essential tasks of the
PNP organization and with the additional help of the Traffic Management Unit
to give additional details regarding dealing with a problem. Their main objective
is to apprehend criminals managing the safety of the people in the community
and prevent crime in particular places of occurrence.
According to Mojares, (2017) Police operations refer to conducted
activities in the field by law enforcement officers as they serve and protect,
including patrol, traffic, investigation, and general calls for service. Police
should be assertive but not oppressive; they should be efficient but not
officious; they should form an impartial force in the body politic and yet be
subjective to a degree of control by persons who are not required to be
impartial and who are enabled to police supervision. On the other hand, the
study of Bosworth, (2017) revealed that Traffic officers aren't strictly members

of the police force. However, they fulfill several tasks that police would usually
do, taking some of the pressure off them so that they can focus on prevention
and solving of crimes.
Lum, (2011) and Bosworth, (2017) stated that the Philippine National
Police and Traffic Officer sustained its program in operations to keep the
communities safer by deploying more uniformed personnel to carry out focus
police in operations with the help of traffic enforcer in managing the area or
road. Mobile Patrol officers generally spend their time responding to
emergency calls for service from the public, deterring crime through their
presence, and carrying out special assignments from supervisors. In recent
years, it has become increasingly recognized that police agencies and traffic
management units can have a beneficial impact on crime and disorder. In
contrast, Since the Mobile Patrol resources are limited, there is an
understandable interest in patrol strategies and operations that provide safety
at minimum cost. Brown, (2013)
In addition, Farrington et al.,(2016) revealed that crime during Mobile
Patrol treatment is lower than expected. The number of crimes such as murder,
rape, aggravated assault, robbery, and burglary decrease during the time of
patrolling. Moreover, several areas, including the project target area, the area

immediately surrounding the target area (adjacent area), and for the untreated
portion of the city, experienced safety due to the reason of Mobile Patrol.
To determine the level of Effectiveness of the Mobile Patrol, the Study of
Novak, (2018) use the theory of Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham entitled
General Deterrence Theory. This Theory explains the crime and the method for
reducing it. General Deterrence is intended to make the public at large And
would-be criminals think twice about breaking the law.
Therefore, this study’s primary purpose is to determine and make an in-
depth analysis on the Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention at the
Municipality of Santa Maria Bulacan.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY


Over the past decade, Crime has been growing steadily. Several reviews
of the policing evaluation literature focused on what police can do to address
crime most effectively and what the Traffic management unit contribution to the
PNP and SMTMU in terms of giving additional safety to the community. Mobile
Patrol is an indispensable service that plays a leading role in accomplishing the
police and Traffic officer purpose. It is the only form of service that directly
attempts to eliminate them for misconduct, and it also checks the development
of a desire for misconduct.
In accordance to Novak, (2018) Mobile Patrol helps us a lot in
preventing street crimes and arresting violators in our country. There is already
a significant percentage of crimes and violators that were apprehended since
the implementation of mobile police patrol methods. Furthermore, the common
violations and crime decrease during the Mobile Patrol are the curfew violators,
murder, rape, aggravated assault, robbery, burglary. It significantly decreased
during project operations than was expected, based on previous crime levels.
In addition, Preventive Mobile Patrol is the most basic and oldest
function of the police and traffic management that historically has been the
primary method to seek, prevent crime, maintain peace, and provide general
services in the community. Inspector Cosme Masepiquena, head of Tagum’s


Traffic Management Office, stated that authorities should be visible during
nighttime because criminals are known to do their illegal activities at night.
The Study in New York Police Department, (2015) stated that Mobile
Patrol improves the chances of catching the offender at the scene or nearby,
increase the chances of identifying and locating witnesses, provide an
immediate gathering of physical evidence, provide immediate lifesaving first
aid, enhances the reputation of the police and traffic officer department, creates
citizen satisfaction with spatial distribution and allocation of Mobile Patrol to
districts affect both performance measures.
As a student of the Bachelor of Science in Criminology program, the
researchers would like to enrich their knowledge on the longest implemented
activity of the government, which is the Mobile Patrol, also on how to handle
and eliminate the crime rates in the community by having this program. To
conclude, researchers was specifically determining the effectiveness and the
contribution of the Mobile Patrol at the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This study anchored on General Deterrence Theory. Two utilitarian
Philosophers of the Eighteenth Century formulated General Deterrence Theory.
Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham explain the crime and the method for
reducing it. This theory would be the one in criminal justice, which seeks to
curb illegal conduct. To Deter means to discourage, under the theory the public
will avoid committing crimes from fear of the strict consequences. Furthermore,
General Deterrence is intended to make the public at large and would-be
criminals, think twice about breaking the law.
According to Gould & Seiten, (2005) General deterrence intends to
influence everyone but the single offender. The thinking here is that the
punishment of individual functions as an example to other potential offenders,
discouraging them from committing crimes by demonstrating the negative
consequences attending such behavior. Researchers also stated that this
theory provides an example of the profound effects legal sanctions can have on
individuals. Legal sanctions are not meant to inspire offenders to end their
lives, but this case does illustrate the potential deterrent effects of facing
punishment from the legal system. Even though this offense would result in
only a fine. In here, Mobile Patrol Method is one of the longest programs
implemented by our Municipality, it is the best example of general deterrence
theory. Philippine National Police and Traffic Management Unit tries to send a
message to the community by making them fearful of the consequences of


committing a crime and less likely to commit a crime. Therefore, the researcher
will identify the level of effectiveness and also identify the Contribution of the
Mobile Police Patrol at the Municipality of Santa Maria.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The focus of this study was undertaken by the following conceptual
framework shown in figure 1 which has a three-part process: the input,
process, and output.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Deterrence

1. What is the Collection of the Data Effectiveness of
Demographic
profile of the Mobile through Survey and Mobile Patrol in Crime
Patrol Personnel in
terms of: Questionnaires Prevention At the
1.1 Age Municipality of Santa

1.2 Gender
1.3 Years of Maria, Bulacan
experience as
Mobile patrol
personnel
2. What is the level of

effectiveness of the
patrolling as
perceived by the
community in terms
of:
2.1. Providing
security and
protection to
the community.
2.2. Contribution of
Patrolling in
suppressing
the crime
Figure 1. Research Paradigm
The first frame shows the input, contains the source of information that
will guide the researcher in pursuing the study: relevant theories, related
literature, and related studies about the Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in Crime
Prevention at the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan.


The second frame, the process, contains the collection of data through
Survey Questionnaires and interviews, After Identifying the Effectiveness of
Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention at the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan.
The researcher tallied and computed the data collected to answer the research
questions.
Lastly, the third frame contains the outcome which is the Effectiveness of
Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention at the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan.
Statement of the Problem:
The study aimed to determine the Effectiveness of the Mobile Patrol in
Crime Prevention at the Municipality of Santa Maria Bulacan. Specifically, the
researchers want to obtain responses to the following questions:


1. What is the Demographic profile of the Mobile Patrol Personnel in terms of:
1.1. Age
1.2. Gender
1.3. Years of Experience as a Mobile Patrol Personnel
2. What is the level of effectiveness of the patrolling as perceived by the community
in terms of:
2.1. Providing security and protection to the community.
2.2. Contribution of Patrolling in suppressing crime
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study is primarily focused on the Effectiveness of the Mobile Patrol
in crime prevention at the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan from the year
2020 to 2021. The researchers aim to determine if this method gives a sense of
security and discourages those who may commit crimes by the presence of
Mobile Police Patrol.


The Data Collection was conducted to 25 randomly selected Philippine
National Police officers in charge in patrolling and 25 Santa Maria Traffic
Management Unit who is currently assigned in Mobile Patrol in Crime
Prevention at the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan who represented the
population. Furthermore, this study was anchored to the General Deterrence
Theory which the public will avoid committing crimes for fear of the strict
consequences. In addition, it is intended to make the public at large and would-
be criminals, think twice about breaking the law. Furthermore, this study was
modified and analyzed using the Survey questionnaire.
Significance of the Study
The result of the study may give a profound perception of the
Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in Crime prevention At the Municipality of Santa
Maria, Bulacan. The study can provide substantial benefit to the following:
To the Philippine National Police. This will serve as one of their bases
to improve the Mobile Police Patrol. The PNP organization will be
knowledgeable on the contribution of this implemented Program towards Crime


Reduction at the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan. Moreover, it will also
encourage them to strengthen and improve their program through the study
results and findings.
To the Criminology Students. The current research will assist the
criminology students towards the contribution and effectiveness of the Patrol
Method in Crime Prevention. Specifically, Criminology Students is one who
might be experienced this kind of work. Furthermore, This study will give them
additional knowledge about the purpose of the Mobile Patrol In Crime
Prevention.
To the Santa Maria Traffic Management Unit. This study will serve as
a guide in dealing with and fulfilling their task on road. Also, in the safety of the
community they belong. Through the result of the study, Santa Maria Traffic
Management Unit will strengthen their force in terms of protecting the
community.
To the ICI College. The result may serve as one of their bases to
improve the existing curriculum and produce higher quality and skillful
researchers.
To the Future Researcher. This study will allow future researchers to
gain a more detailed understanding of the present study as a guide. Also, the
findings of the study will make future researchers well-motivated to carry out

further studies because of the availability of materials. This research can give
them additional knowledge on Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention and as long
as they learn and discover valuable facts for this study, other future
researchers will benefit from this study.
To the Community. The study's outcome may help the community
address the incidence of crimes. The study inside the community whose
involvement in Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention At the Municipality of Santa
Maria, Bulacan may receive a piece of relevant information towards the
effectiveness and contribution of this implemented program.
Definition of Terms
This part of the study presents the terms used with their theoretical and
operational meanings. The researcher defines some basic words as follows to
prevent confusion in reading this research paper:
Crime. An action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be
prosecuted by the state and punishable by law.
Crime Rate. The total number of crimes that are committed during a period in

a particular place
Criminals. A person who has committed a crime. Someone who breaks

the law.
Deterring. Discourage someone from doing something by instilling
doubt or fear of the consequences.
Effectiveness. The capability of producing the desired result or the
ability to produce the desired output. When something is deemed effective, it
means it has an intended or expected outcome or produces a deep, vivid
impression.
General Deterrence Theory. Designed to prevent crime in the general
population. Thus, the state's punishment of offenders serves as an
example for others in the general population who have not yet
participated in criminal events.
Level. The level of measurement describes the relationship among
these three values. In this case, we simply are using the numbers as
shorter placeholders for the lengthier text terms. We don’t assume that
higher values mean “more” of something, and lower numbers signify
“less”.

Mobile Police Patrol. A police car was used for patrolling the streets.
Police patrols play an important role in public service by responding to
incidents, deterring, and preventing crimes. The goals and objectives of
police patrol include crime prevention, criminal apprehension, law
enforcement, order maintenance, public services, and traffic enforcement.
Philippine National Police (PNP). The national police force of the
Republic of the Philippines. It is both a national and a local police force in
that it provides all law enforcement services throughout the Philippines.
Prevention. The action of stopping something from happening or

arising.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES
This chapter presents the related literature and studies of both foreign
and local sources. This will also consist of Synthesis Relevant to study to fully
understand the relation of cited studies and literature to the present research
study.
Related Literature
Foreign
Mobile Patrol Personnel stands at the forefront of keeping the peace and
order in every Municipality. According to Zhang, (2013), One of the Important
roles of Patrol personnel in public service is responding to incidents, deterring
and preventing crimes. Police patrol officers have likely played a major role in
police efforts to effectively address crime as these officers make up a
substantial portion of police resources and are on the front lines responding to
crime and citizen concerns on a daily basis. On the other hand, Bosworth,
(2017) mentioned that the Traffic Management Unit is not part of a police
organization but works as and serves as one.
According to Groff et al., (2012) Mobile Patrol creates a sense of
omnipresence and maximizes deterrence by keeping offenders on their toes
about when an officer will drive by next. In addition, crime is expected to be
deterred at the time officers are driving through (or sitting in) a particular area.
Because crime is not randomly distributed across beats but is instead highly
concentrated.
As stated by Kelling et al., (1974) In the major study in this area, the
Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experimented on the increasing or decreasing


levels of preventive patrol did not have a significant impact on crime or
victimization.
Furthermore, Sherman et al., (2004) stated that the visibility of Mobile
Patrol can reduce crime, but only if it is specifically targeted to crime hotspots
or high crime locations.
On the other hand, Ratcliffe & Colleagues, (2011) mentioned that high
crimes in different streets in Philadelphia decrease because of the help Mobile
Patrol Method in Crime Prevention in their country. Criminals are afraid to
commit crimes in the presence of the Mobile Patrol.
With the above statement, the study of Dalgleish & Myhill, (2004)
mentioned evidence on how the Mobile Police Patrol has a positive impact on
public perception, improving public confidence and feeling of safety by the
implemented method of Philippine National Police.
Local
In the study of Mari et al. (2011), it was investigated that in a survey
conducted among their respondents, the implementation of the Mobile Patrol is
effective in addressing the peace and security in the community. On the
Contrary, As mentioned by

Levinson (2004), stated that "the patrol exercise is not only limited to
crime control but also to reduce the fear within the community". This builds a
stronger relationship between police and the community and wins the resident's
trust. Therefore, patrolling is one way of securing, protecting, preserving life
and property, and assuring the safety of the people in the community.
Director-General Nicanor A. Bartolome, Chief of the Philippine National
Police (PNP), ordered all policemen doing office work to go out and render at
least four hours of security patrols in their areas of jurisdiction. They will now be
conducting patrol before they go to the office and before they go home," said
Bartolome. The target time will be from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. and from 3:00
p.m. to 5:00 p.m. According to Bartolome, the PNP objective is to make use of
that time on matters that need the police concerns most, which is patrolling the
streets". It was implemented by Bartolome in Metro Manila while he was
director of the National Capital Region Police Office (NCRPO).
Moreover, Abat (2013) stated that in Davao City, the police station is
increasing police visibility in communities to reduce the number of crimes. Most
of the policemen are outside for advocacy programs and to maximize visibility.
And also don't let the ride in mobile since mostly they are on foot patrol to
observe more the community safety, this way they could easily establish a
connection with the community against criminal acts. Policemen also go house-

to-house in different villages in a subdivision within the area of their
responsibilities to make sure that they are safe by the police force.
Hence, Rińen (2014), stated that Cebu City is further strengthening
police visibility in public areas were implemented by the police as part of their
strategy to lower street crimes in a program dubbed Metro Cebu
Comprehensive Deployment System (MCCDS) which in this program they will
maximize police visibility out in the streets to prevent crimes from happening
and witness more augmentation of policemen out in the streets in beat, foot,
and mobile in covert operations. "The response to street crimes is always
police presence", apart from increasing the number of policemen in foot and
mobile patrols, other strategies that will be employed are the establishment of
checkpoints, the deployment of covert personnel, and with all these done
randomly.
Therefore, safety is freedom from harm or danger and the state of being
safe which every person assures in the place they were living and for their daily
lives. People need to always feel safe under any circumstances. Mobile Patrol,
the primary concern is to reduce offending behavior and victimization or violent
crimes, reduce crime rates, and has provided safer environments.
Related Studies

Foreign
As stated by Tais et al. (2012) the status of Mobile Police Patrol stated that
Mobile Patrolling Visibility Operation is very important in the prevention of crime
and suppression of criminals. Manwong (2008), mentioned that the patrol
operations provide continuous police service and high visibility of law
enforcement and it is the most vital component of police work. In fact, in
organizing the police organization, patrol is considered the skeletal foundation.
It is the backbone of the department.
Patalinghug, (2017) The findings of the study revealed that the Mobile
Patrol in crime prevention in four (4) municipalities were "much effective" to
include Integrated Patrol System, Peace Keeping Operations, Anti-Criminality
Operations, Integrated Area Community Public Safety Services, Bantay Turista,
and School Safety Project in connection to the responses of 158 participants.
There is a significant relationship between crime prevention strategies
employed and the index crime rate.
On the Contrary, This Method will maximize police visibility out in the
streets to prevent crimes from happening and witness more augmentation of
policemen out in the streets in Mobile Police Patrol operations. Moreover, the
response to street crimes is always police presence "apart from increasing the
number of policemen in mobile police patrol, other strategies that will be


employed are the establishment of checkpoints, the deployment of covert
personnel, and all these done randomly. Rinen, (2014)
Levinson (2004) stated that "the patrol exercise is not only limited to
crime control but also to reduce the fear within the neighborhood". This builds a
stronger relationship between police and the community and wins the resident's
trust. Therefore, patrolling is one way of securing, protecting, preserving life
and property, and assuring the safety of the people in the community.
With all The various studies mentioned above, The primary concern of
the Mobile Patrol is to reduce offending behavior and victimization or violent
crimes, reduce crime rates, and has provided safer environments.
Local
The PNP indicates that the decrease in the volume of crime is
attributable to the PNP's crime prevention programs (Sun. Star 20 Sept. 2007).
Specifically, the PNP has reportedly increased police visibility, made use of
Mobile Police Patrol in Crime Prevention.
In accordance with the Philippine National Police Directorate for
Investigation and Detective Management, the Total Crime Volume (TCV) in
2012 was 217,812 as compared to 2011 with 241,988 a decrease of 24,176. Of


the total 217,812 crime incidents, the National Capital Regional Police Office
(NCRPO) registered the highest with 56,978 followed by
Regions 3 (Bulacan, Bataan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Tarlac,
Aurora) and 7 (Cebu, Bohol, Negros Oriental, Siquijor) with 22,498 and 20,466
reported incidents respectively. Theft (43,606 incidents), physical assault
(34,825 incidents), and robbery (26,988 incidents) are the top three commonly
committed crimes according to the TCV.
Additionally, Crimes involving theft, physical assault, and robbery were
the top three most common crimes reported to local authorities in 2013. Typical
criminal acts including pickpocketing, confidence schemes, acquaintance
scams, and credit card fraud are decreasing due to the implementation of the
Mobile Patrol Method in Crime prevention. People are afraid to commit crimes
due to the presence of Mobile Police Patrol in their Municipality.
With the above mentioned, the study of Patalinghug, (2017) revealed
that this Method or Program implemented by Philippine National Police is
somewhat effective for reducing crime in places at elevated risk when used
while diagnosing underlying crime problems.

Synthesis Relevant to the Study
The above collection of both foreign and local literature and studies
serves as the foundation and provides relevant information that their proposed
study has similarities with other programs or method that is widely used. As
stated, Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention is highly essential or important in
every Municipality.
Besides, The Relevant literature and studies proved that Mobile Patrol is
not just displayed in every Municipality. Instead, it plays an important role in
public service by responding to incidents, deterring, and preventing crimes. It
can give a sense of security to people who need protection and discourage
those who may commit crimes in the absence of a patrol.
All the various literature and studies mentioned, The Effectiveness and
Importance of Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention. Therefore, By the


implementation of this program, the number of crimes such as murder, rape,
aggravated assault, robbery, and burglary is lower than expected.
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter discusses the design and procedures undertaken during
the conduct of the study. It presents the research method that will be used,
respondents of the study, research instrument, data gathering procedures, and
statistical treatment of data.
Research Method Used
The descriptive research method will be used to gather the needed
information for this study through the use of a quantitative approach.
McCombes (2019) stated that descriptive design is accurate and statistically,
explains the existing phenomenon. In this research, the researchers determine
the Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention At the Municipality of
Santa Maria, Bulacan. It is intended to tabulate and analyze the data that will

be collected from the respondents in a descriptive explanation. Therefore, the
researchers will enable to interpret the theoretical meaning of the findings as
the aim of the study is to find out the Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in Crime
Prevention at the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan.
Research Instrument
Survey Questionnaire. The study was used the survey questionnaire as
the primary source of details in the collection of data it was categorized into two
parts the first part was the demographic profile of the groups of respondents
and the second part was the effectiveness of mobile patrol in crime prevention
at the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan, a problem encountered and
recommendation and programs that can be undertaken for the improvement of
mobile patrol in crime prevention.
Library Research. The researcher went to Immaculate Conception I-
College of Arts and Technology to obtain reliable and essential necessary
information about the main topic of the study which supports the data.
Interview. Another instrument used by the researchers was interview; it is
a great opportunity to have more contact with the different respondents and
were able to observe their behavior as they answered the questions asked by

the former. The researchers also sought the opinion and expertise of their
adviser and some knowledgeable people for the enhancement, development
accomplished of the study.
Internet Search. The group of researchers also used the internet using
reliable websites and pages in the conduct of this study to have further
knowledge and essential data for more convenient research which were added
to the collected data of the subject.
Validation of Instrument
The researchers have presented a questionnaire to their adviser who is
knowledgeable about the research study to make a suggestion and correction
for this subject matter. Before the approval of our adviser, we conducted a pre-
test and inquired to some professionals who were knowledgeable in a research
study about the subject matter for suggestions, comments, clarifications, and
corrections.

Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher sought the permission of the entire unit involved the
students as well, professors, SMTMU, and the PNP Personnel. The researcher
identified the issues and concerns about the theme of the study through
gathering, analyzing, interpreting, and reviewing the information gathered
through essential documents and other information. They secured approval to
conduct a study from an adviser, chairman of the panelists, and other
concerned authorities. They frequently consulted their adviser and conduct
interviews with some people who are very knowledgeable in the research study
for additional insights and corrections. They had formulated the survey
questionnaires. They let their survey questionnaire be validated by other
concerned expert authorities for approval and some corrections.
The researcher asked permission from the Philippine National Police
assigned in patrolling and Santa Maria Traffic Management Unit in Santa Maria,
Bulacan for them to be allowed to conduct a survey for the Mobile Patrol
Personnel assigned in Crime Prevention. The researchers distribute and
retrieve the survey questionnaires from the respondents. Besides, researchers
secured and consolidated all research findings and presented them to the
adviser for guidance, correction, and approval.
Statistical Treatment of Data


The errors will be calculated after figuring out the Effectiveness of Mobile
Patrol in Crime Prevention. The researchers will use the percentage
distribution, the frequency, weighted mean, and standard deviation formula for
the analysis and interpretation of data.
Where:
fx100
P=
N
P=Percentage
f = Frequency
N= Total Number of Respondents
100%= constant value
Where:
~
x=¿

~
x = Weighted mean
Σ = the sum of frequency
fx = Frequency
N = total number respondents
CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the interpretation of the data gathered by the
researchers. The presentation, analysis, and interpretation of these data were
reinforced by tables and were arranged in the same order as they were

presented in the statement of the problem and the researcher made the
instrument.
TABLE 1
Demographic Profile of the Respondents
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Frequency Distribution of Respondents according to Age

20 years old and below 0 0
21-29 years old 6 12.0

30-40 years old 28 56.0
50 years old and above 16 32.0
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO SEX

Male 42 84.0
Female 8 16.0
15
23 Frequency Distribution of Respondents according to Years

68 of Experience
15
12
20
T5
Table 1 shows the Demogaphic Profile of the respondents which are the
commonly Age , Sex, and Years of Experience of the respondents. In terms of
frequency distribution of Patrol officer and Santa Maria Traffic Management Unit
according to Age. It revealed that the highest frequency of 28 equivalent to 56
percent belongs to 30-40 years old. The second to the highest age range is 50
years old and above with frequency of 16 or 32 percent, followed by 21-29 years
old with frequency of 6 or 12 percent. Lastly, 20 years old and below have a
frequency and percentage of 0. In addition, majority of the Patrol officer and
SMTMU are Male with a frequency of 42 or 84 percent and the rest frequency of
8 or 16 percent are Female. This implies that Patrolling is a male dominant
activity.
Lastly, In the table of years of experience, it revealed that 60 percent or 30 of
the total respondents are 2-5 years in the service. Followed by 6-10 years with a
frequency of 8 or 16 percent. On the other hand, 1 year below and 11-15 years
in Patrolling have the same frequency distribution of 5 or 10 percent. Moreover,
frequency of 2 or 4 percent are 16-20 years in this program. Lastly, 21 years
and above in Patrolling have a Frequency and percentage of 0.
CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusion and
recommendation drawn of these Study based on the abovementioned
categorized findings.
Summary of Findings
This Descriptive study aimed to determine the Effectiveness of Mobile
Patrol in Crime Prevention at the Municipality of Santa, Maria Bulacan: An
Assessment. Based on the data gathered, the following findings were
revealed:
1. The Demographic Profile of the study in terms of Age reveals that the
highest frequency of 28 equivalent to 56 percent belongs to 30-40 years old.
On the other hand, the dominant frequency distribution according to Gender is
42 or 84 percent which belongs to Male. Lastly, for the years of experience in
conducting patrolling frequency of 30 or 60 percent of the respondents are 2-5
years in the service.
2. Providing security and protection through the use of patrolling towards the
community overall resulted as “Always” with a weighted mean of 3.69. It


shows that Santa Maria Traffic Management Unit and PNP Patrol officer
always ensure that we are safe and protected by them.
3. Contribution of patrolling in suppressing crimes revealed as “Always”
effective specifically in protecting and ensuring our safety. This overall
resulted in a weighted mean of 3.60. In addition, it appears that patrolling is
important and must be implemented in every Municipality to protect the scope
of people they included.
Conclusions
Based on the results of the study, the researchers come up with the
following conclusions:
1. The Majority of the respondents belong to the age of 30-40 years old. In
terms of the frequency distribution, the dominant Gender is Male and Has 2-5
years of experience in the service of patrolling.
2. By implementing of Patrolling Method in the Municipality of Santa Maria
Bulacan, SMTMU and the Police Officer in charge of patrolling agreed that
Establishing a Security presence in the community is the most conducted way
to ensure the protection of the people with the result presented of 3.88

weighted mean and virtual interpretation of “Always”. It is an implication that
patrolling is an effective program implemented in the Municipality of Santa
Maria, Bulacan.
3. With the number of how patrolling “Always” contribute to suppressing
crimes due to the computed weighted mean resulted which is 3.60. It can be
concluded that this method effectively contributes to reducing crime rates in
the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan.
Recommendations
The following ideas are suggested according to the data gathered in
the study. These ideas may provide improvement to one of the longest
programs implemented in the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan.
1. Santa Maria Traffic Management Unit and Police Officer in charge of
patrolling should strengthen more their ways of providing security and
protection towards the community. Instead of being in one place together with
all the patrol offices, we recommend that it should be divided into groups to
maintain the security and protection of the people in the community.
2. Santa Maria Traffic Management Unit and Patrol Officer must have to build
rapport towards one another for the good relationships that lead to better
communication and to work well together. Moreover, they should also plan

and combine their idea regarding how to strengthen the security and
protection of the community. Also, to reduce the crime rates more.
3. Criminology Students encourage to be more aware regarding the different
programs implemented in every Municipality because it serves as their
additional experience on what commonly happened in the field.
4. Community should show their full support in different programs
implemented by the Municipality regarding their safety and protection.
5. Future researchers are encouraged to conduct the same research study but
in a more extensive scope by further investigating on what factors the
patrolling method becomes more effective. Then investigating all kinds of
patrolling and more respondents should be involved in the research make the
study more reliable and valid.
REFERENCES
Bartolome, N.A. (2015), Review of Related literature and studies
https://www.academia.edu/24209632/REVIEW_OF_RELATED_LITERATURE_
AND_STUDIES

Baula. R. (2011). Review of Related Literature and Studies
https://www.academia.edu/24209632/REVIEW_OF_RELATED_LITERATURE_
AND_STUDIES
Brown, (2013) Police Patrol Districting method and simulation evaluation using
agent-based model & GIS
https://security-informatics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/21 90-8532-2-7
Chen, (2015). Developing an online cooperative police patrol routing strategy
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019897151630333 7
Dahmann, (1975). HIGH IMPACT ANTI-CRIME PROGRAM EXAMINATION
OF POLICE PATROL EFFECTIVENESS
https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/36129NCJRS.pd f
Dewinte. M. (2020) Analysing the Police Patrol Routing Problem: A Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/3/157/htm
Etcuban, J.O. (2018). Peacekeeping Action Team In Crime Prevention Of
Selected Villages In Cebu City, Philippines
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331327963_International_Journal_of_
Advanced_Research_and_Publications_Peacekeeping_Action_Team_In_Crime
_Prevention_Of_ Selected_Villages_In_Cebu_City_Philippine s
Farrington, (2016) PROTOCOL: Increased Police Patrol Presence Effects on
Crime and Disorder
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/CL2.15 9

Gould, (2005). Crime and punishment: Punishment philosophies and ethical
dilemmas.
https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd
Groff, (2013) Police Patrol Districting method and simulation evaluation using
agent-based model & GIS
https://security-informatics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2190-8532-2-7
Lim S.B. (2020). Effectiveness of Fear and Crime Prevention Strategy for
Sustainability of Safe City
file:///C:/Users/Asus/Downloads/sustainability-12-10593.pdf
Novak, (2018) Prevention Patrol
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F9 78-1-4614-5690-
2_269
Stafford, (2001) Deterrence Theory: Crime
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/deterrence-theory
Pridmore, J. (2018). Keeping an eye on the neighbours: Police, citizens, and
communication within mobile neighbourhood crime prevention
groups
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0032258X1876839 7
Stafford, (2001). Deterrence Theory: Crime
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computerscience/deterrence-theory

Zhang, (2013) Police Patrol Districting method and simulation evaluation using
agentbases model & GIS
https://security-informatics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/21 908532-2-7
APPENDIX 1


APPENDIX 2


APPENDIX 3
CURRICULUM VITAE
James Andrei L. De Lumin

Blk5 L27 Pinagkuartelan Pandi, Bulacan
09359750403
Deluminanddrei05@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age: 21
Date of Birth: June 5, 2000
Nationality: Filipino
Languages: English and Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Course: Bachelor of of Science in Criminology
Tertiary Level ImmaculateConception I- College of Arts and Sciences
47 A. Bonifacio Street, Poblacion Santa Maria, Bulacan
SY- 2021 – Present
Senior High School Immaculate Conception Polytechnic
Marian Road, Poblacion, Santa Maria, Bulacan


2016-2018
Junior High School Holy Angel’s Pandi
Poblacion, Pandi, Bulacan
2012-2016
Primary Level Mamerto C. Bernardo Memorial Central School
Poblacion, Pandi, Bulacan
2006-2012
CURRICULUM VITAE
MIKA M. ESPIRITU
329 Celestino St. Pintong Bato, Guyong, Santa Maria, Bulacan
09364555924
Mikaespiritu90@gmail.com
Age: 21
Date of Birth: February 17, 2000
Religion: Catholic
2016-2018

Junior High School Fortunato F. Halili National Agricultural School
Guyong, Santa Maria Bulacan
2012-2016
Primary Level Guyong Elementary School
Guyong, Santa Maria, Bulacan
2006-2012
CURRICULUM VITAE
KARLO T. EVANGELISTA
G.P Reyes Street Km. 37 Pulong Buhangin, Santa Maria, Bulacan
09354758707
karloevangelista08@gmail.com
OBJECTIVE
Age: 22
Date of Birth: August 08, 1999
Religion: Catholic
2016-2018
Junior High School Pulong Buhangin National School


Km. 38 Pulong Buhangin, Santa Maria Bulacan
2012-2016
Primary Level Cornelia M. De Jesus Memorial Central School
Km. 38 Pulong Buhangin, Santa Maria, Bulacan
2006-2012

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IMMACULATE CONCEPTION I-COLLEGE

College of Arts and Sciences

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

PREVENTION AT THE MUNICIPALITY OF

SANTA, MARIA BULACAN:

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the

Immaculate Conception I-college of Arts and Technology

Santa Maria, Bulacan

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

thesis entitled “Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention At the

Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan: An Assessment” was prepared and

submitted by De Lumin, James Andrei L., Espiritu Mika M., Evangelista,

Karlo T. who are recommended for Oral Examination.

Approval as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of

Dean College of Criminology

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Mika M., Evangelista, Karlo T., entitled “ Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in

Crime Prevention At the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan: An

Assessment, has been examined and recommended for oral examination.

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

they do, they do for the glory of God.

in doing this research.

The researchers would like to extend their gratitude to the panel of

suggestions which contributed to the betterment of the study.

To Dr. Romeo A. Gernale, Head of CAS Department of the Immaculate

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

and providing them the necessary information needed in their research.

understanding that you have given them.

to accomplish their goals. The researchers are grateful beyond measure.

DE LUMIN, JAMEAS ANDREI L.

Title: Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention at The

Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan: An Assessment

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Degree: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Institution: Immaculate Conception I-College, Santa Maria, Bulacan

Adviser: Carlito C. Pijano

Mobile Patrol plays a vital role in preventing and deterring crimes to

contribution within the Municipality. This study aims to determine the

Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol in Crime Prevention at The Municipality of Santa

Maria Bulacan: An Assessment. The Descriptive research method was used to

Approach. Furthermore, Survey Questionnaire and Interview was used as the

Management Unit and 25 Police Officer in charge in Patrolling in the Municipality

of Santa Maria, Bulacan. In addition, the researchers provide answers on the

Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of Age, Gender, and Years of

Experience. Also, The Effectiveness of Mobile Patrol as perceived by the

community in terms of providing security and protection to the community and

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

the following statistical treatment of data such as the frequency, percentage,

Patrol implemented at the Municipality of Santa Maria, Bulacan in providing

of Always. While contribution of Mobile Patrol in suppressing crime also

study it can be implicated that patrolling is effective program implemented by the

providing security and protection to community by having a good communication

that leads to great strategies to continue the effectivity of this program.

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study ……….……………………...…..………….…...…....14

Theoretical Framework ……………….………………..…………………...…....16

Conceptual Framework ………………….……………….…...….……………...18

Statement of the Problem …………………………. …...…..…………….........20