TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING OF BUCHAREST
Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages

Master: Structural Engineering

REABILITATION OF CONCRETE
STRUCTURES
3rd LECTURE
IMPROVE SEISMIC PERFORMANCE

Strengthe- Remode-
ning Repair Rehabilitation
lling
Retrofitting

Restoration
IMPROVE SEISMIC PERFORMANCE
Strengthening – reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing structure
to provide better structural capacity than the original structure
Repair – reconstruction or renewal of any part of a damaged or deteriorated
building to provide the same level of structural capacity which the building
had prior to the damage
Remodelling – reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing building
due to change of usage or occupancy
Retrofit – concept including strengthening, repair and/or remodelling
Rehabilitation – reconstruction or renewal of a damaged building to provide
the same level of function which the building had prior to damage
Restoration – concepts including both retrofit and rehabilitation
HOW TO INCREASE STRENGTH, STIFFNESS,
DEFORMATION CAPACITY?
Strengthening of each (individual) structural member
(jacketing or any other method)

Adding new structural members (braces, infilled panels,

beams, columns, buttresses)

Adding new structural sub-systems (exterior frames,

concrete walls in masonry buildings)
DECIDE THE PROPER SOLUTION
Current building occupancy (building type, occupancy, age,
architectural requirements, construction permit limitations, remaining
time span of the building)
Seismic vulnerability of the building (including structural and non-
structural vulnerability)
Intended performance level (depending on the owner requirements,
building importance class)
Economical and technological resources (construction techniques
available in the area, quality of the workmanship)
Relocation of the occupants or economic activity (is relocation
possible and necessary)
Technological limitations at the building site (neighbour buildings,
street, the possibility to install cranes etc.)
 STRUCTURAL INTERVENTIONS STRATEGIES
Scope Measures

Repairing of existing structural and non-

Rehabilitation structural elements
Increase stiffness – for serviceability limit state
requirements
Increase strength – for serviceability and
Improve ultimate limit state requirements
seismic Retrofitting
performance Increase deformation capacity – for ultimate
limit state requirements
Increase predictability of seismic response –
remove structural irregularities
Increase damping capacity – introduce
dampers
Reduce the
Reduce total building mass
seismic demand
Increase vibration period - base isolation
RETROFITTING STRATEGY
Ultimate limit state

Increase
Strength

strength
Increase strength and
deformation capacity

Increase deformation
capacity
Seismic demand,
Before ultimate limit state
retrofitting

Deformation
capacity
RETROFITTING STRATEGY
Ultimate limit state

Increase
strength

Increase strength Increase

and deformation deformation
capacity capacity
RETROFITTING STRATEGY
Serviceability limit state

Increase strength
and stiffness
 RETROFITTING STRATEGY
New exterior Exterior frames/walls
Increase strength
structures Buttresses

Structural Increase strength and Concrete infills

Infilled panels
retrofitting deformation capacity Masonry infills
Steel infills
Increase deformation
Steel braces
capacity Bracing existing Prestressed cables
frames
Concrete braces

Concrete
Steel
Jacketing existing
structural members Fibber reinforced
polymers
RETROFITTING OF CONCRETE
MEMBERS
JACKETING OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

Type of jacketing:
Concrete jacketing (steel and concrete jacket) to increase shear
streght, confinement and/or flexural capacity
Steel jacket (continuous or discontinuous) to increase shear streght,
confinement and/or flexural capacity
FRP jacket (carbon fibre, glass fiber, other type of fibers) to increase
shear streght, confinement
Purpose of jacketing: Shear reinforcing, ductility upgrade, flexural
reinforcing, improving rebar overlapping,
CONCRETE JACKETING OF COLUMNS
CONCRETE JACKETING OF COLUMNS

All four sides should be jacketed

Jacket width >60mm for shotcrete,
>100mm for cast in place concrete
Jacket width >120mm: two layers of
reinforcement are better to be
provided
CONCRETE JACKETING OF COLUMNS
Three sides jacket is allowed if proper anchorage tehcniques are used to
prevent the separation between the jacket and the existing column

Post installed Removal of concrete

steel anchors cover

Existing column Existing column

CONCRETE JACKETING OF COLUMNS
If flexural strengthening is not intended the jacket should be stopped
20-30mm below (or over) the joint and the longitudinal rebars should
be interrupted.
Sidewalls should be detached from columns to prevent short column
behavior. Jacket should be installed on the entire column height.

~ 30mm
~ 30mm

~ 30mm ~ 30mm
~ 30mm

~ 30mm

Thick parapet Thin parapet

CONCRETE JACKETING OF COLUMNS
Flexural strength can be increased only if continuous longitudinal
rebars passing through the joint (slab) are provided
 CONCRETE JACKETING OF BEAMS
Beams are usually connected to the slabs. Local perforations of the
slab are necessary to allow concrete pouring and installation of
transversal reinforcement. Temporary support of the slab might be
necessary. Jacket over the top of the beam might disturb normal
occupancy of the building – jacket should be hidden in the finishing
layer (a suspended deck might be necessary for thicker jackets)
Nut Welded stirrup
Steel anchor plate
(t  8 mm)

Concrete
Concrete
U-shaped
threaded rebars
CONCRETE JACKETING OF BEAMS

Local demolition of
the slab

Temporary
support

a. New longitudinal rebars b. New longitudinal rebars

located over the slab located in the slab depth
 CONCRETE JACKETING OF JOINTS

Pouring void

Continuous
stirrups

Stirrup

Vertical rebars
Post-installed
anchor
STEEL JACKETING OF COLUMNS
Grout
Grout (shirkage compensated) L-shaped steel

Steel sheet Steel sheet Steel strap

Grout
On-site welding On-site welding On-site welding

Steel strap
Steel sheet Steel sheet
L-shaped steel
On-site welding On-site welding On-site welding

(a) (b) (c)

STEEL JACKETING OF COLUMNS
Separation of the column from the side-walls though vertical joints is
necessary:

On-site welding
Side-wall Steel sheet

Side-wall

Vertical joint

Steel sheet Vertical joint

STEEL JACKETING OF COLUMNS
Vertical joints through the parapets:

Steel sheet
Steel sheet

Sealed joint
Vertical joint

Thick parapet Thin parapet

STEEL JACKETING OF BEAMS
Steel straps, continuous steels sheets, visible stirrups:

Anchorage
Placă platede
sau cornier
(t >=8mm)
ancoraj (t ≥ 8mm)

Threaded
Bulon
Mortar
Mortar
Epoxy
Tablă de bonded
oţel lipită cu
anchor
filetat răşină
Tablă
Steel steel epoxidică
sheet
de oţel
plate Piuliţă
Nut
STEEL JACKETING OF BEAMS
Steel straps, continuous steels sheets, visible stirrups:

Piuliţe pentru Platbandă de Platbandă de

Nut Steel strap Steel strap
prinderea etrierilor oţel oţel

Etrier filetat
U-shaped
threaded
stirrups

Bare Bară cu profil

de oţel în formă L-shaped Bară cu profil
U-shaped L-shaped
de U filetate la capete cornier de oţel cornier de oţel
threaded stirrups steel bars steel bars
STEEL JACKETING OF JOINTS
Steel straps, continuous steels sheets, visible stirrups:

Detail „A”
„A” Drilled
Steel rebar hole

L-shaped steel

Grout

(a) (b) (c)

STEEL JACKETING OF JOINTS

A-A B-B

Thick steel strap

L-shaped steel bar A A

L-shaped
steel bar

Existing beams
On-site
B B welding
Existing RC
Thick steel strap column
FRP JACKETING OF COLUMNS
FRP JACKETING OF BEAMS

Carbon fibres
Tensile strength = 2500 4000 MPa
Youngs modulus ~ 230000 MPa
Rupture strain ~ 1,5 %
 FRP JACKETING
Overlapping

Epoxy bonded
FRP sheets
Alternant joint position

Minimum
Fibre type overlapping length
(mm)
200 g/m2 200
300 g/m2 250
FRP JACKETING
Concave sections should be filled up prior to jacketing

FRP Sheet

New concrete
filling

Existing member
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS
200
150
100
Fora[kN] 50
0
-3.5 -2.5 -1.5 -0.5
-50 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5

-100
-150
-200
Drift [% ]

a. New column [υ=0.2; ρwh=0.6%]

EXPERIMENTAL TESTS
200
150
100
50
Fora[kN]
0
-3.5 -2.5 -1.5 -0.5
-50 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5

-100
-150
-200
Drift [% ]

b. Old column [υ=0.2; ρwh=0.1%]

EXPERIMENTAL TESTS
250
200
150
100
Fora[kN] 50
0
-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 -50 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
-100
-150
-200
-250
Drift [% ]

c. Old column [υ=0.4; ρwh=0.1%]

EXPERIMENTAL TESTS
250

200

150

100

50

Forta(kN)
0
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
-50
200
-100

150 -150
Forta (kN)

-200
100
C5 -250
C11 Drift(%)
50

0
0 0.5 1 1.5

Drift(%)
d. FRP retrofitted
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS
300
250
200
150
100

Forta(kN)
50
0
-3 -2 -1-50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

-100
-150
-200
C16
-250
-300
Drift(%)

e. FRP Retrofitted
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS
300
Stâlp “C9”

20 200

860 100
Forta(kN)

20 0
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-100
440

-200
440

412+410
6/250 -300
8/60 (RC jacket) Drift(%)

e. Concrete jacketing
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS
400

300

200

100

0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
-100

-200

-300

-400

e. Steel jacketing
 EXPERIMENTAL TESTS
300

200
(P100-1/2006)
Force (kN)

Drift limit

100 Reference old colum

Concrete jacketing
0
Steel jacketing
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
-100 FRP jacketing

(P100-1/2006)
-200

-300 Drift limit

Drift (%)