Flexure Analysis of RC Beams

Compiled by RLF
Typical section of Reinforced Concrete
Beam
- Steel on the tension zone are
the main reinforcements
- Steel on the compression zone
is intended to hold the stirrups and
Compression for reversal of stresses
zone - Stirrups are intended for shear
d H
Neutral Axis resistance
- Protective cover is to protect
Tension zone the steel bars and serve for
sufficient bonding
- d=depth of beam
- b=width of beam
b - H=height or thickness of beam
Concrete Cracked-Elastic Stresses Stage
The tensile side of the beam is cracked.
εc fc

N.A

Mcr Mcr εc
fs

section strain stress

(a) (b)

Figure 2.2 Concrete Cracked-elastic stresses stage

 Beam Failure-Ultimate Strength Stage

Concrete is crushed here

To further describe the 3-stages mentioned above, Figure 2.4 is shown below.
NSCP 2015
Modulus of Rupture
(in MPa)
f r = 0.62 fc '
where
 = 1.0 for normal
weight concrete
Example 2.1

a) Bending stress calculation

Solution: (a) Bending Stress

b) Cracking moment calculation
 Problem

Solution

17 in

Transformed section
12
x

17-x
n=Es/Ec=9
As=3.00 sq in
Transformed area

Moment of inertia with respec to the neutral axis

1 1
I NA = (12 )( x ) + nb ( db ) + nAs (17 − x )
3 3 2

3 12
1 1
I NA = (12 )( 6.78 ) + nb ( db ) + 9 ( 3)(17 − 6.78 )
3 3 2

3 12
I NA = 4067 in 4

Bending Stress Calculations

 12
X=6.78

Given: fc=1350 psi, fs =20,000 psi 17-x=10.22

Calculated I = 4067 in4
 6 6 Locating the neutral axis
6
x
N.A. 6

23-x

nAs=8(5.06)

Figure 2.9
Calculating the moment of inertia with respect to the neutral axis N.A.
6 6
6
X=9.32
N.A. 6

23-x=13.68

nAs=8(5.06)

1 1
= ( 6 )( 9.32 )  2 + ( 6 )( 9.32 − 6 ) + 8(5.06) (13.68 )
3 3 2
I NA
3 3
I NA = 10887 in 4
Calculating the stresses

6 6
As calculated
6
X=9.32 I NA = 10887 in 4
N.A. 6

23-x=13.68

Bending stresses
nAs=8(5.06)
Calculate the service moment that can be supported by the
beam with a given cross section shown. Use n=9, fc=10.2 Mpa
and fs=165 Mpa.

100mm
100 100

350mm
4 -20 mm bars

300mm
 Transformed Section

100mm 100
100 100 100 100 x  db2
As = ( number of bars )
4
350mm
 ( 20 )
2
450-x
4 -20 mm bars 4 -20 mm bars As = ( 4 ) = 1256.6 mm2
4
300mm nAs=9(314.2)

Locating the  x − 100   x

neutral axis
100 ( x − 100 )    2 + 100 ( x )   = 9 (1256.6 )( 450 − x )
 2  2
( )
100 x 2 − 200 x + 1002 + 50 x 2 = 5089230 − 11309.4 x
150 x 2 − 8690.6 x − 4089230 = 0
x = 196.6 mm
 Computing the moment of inertia

100
100 100 X=196.6 1 1
(100 )( 96.6 )  2 + (100 )(196.6 ) + 9 (1256.6 )( 253.4 )
3 3 2
I NA =
3 3
450-x=253.4 I NA = 10395860020mm 4
4 -20 mm bars

f c ( I NA ) 10.2 (10395860020 )
nAs=9(1256.6) Mc = =
yc 196.6
M c = 539357946 N .mm 539 kN .m
f s ( I NA )
 165  10395860020 
Ms = =  
nys  9  253.4 
M s = 752134045 N .mm 752 kN .m

Use M = 539 kN .m
Transformed section of compression steel
Calculate the stresses in concrete and steel for a moment
M=275kN.m and n=8.
70 mm

2#25

560 700

4#29

400 mm 70 mm
 Calculate the stresses in concrete and steel for a moment
M=275kN.m and n=8.

70 mm

Transformed area of steel to equaivalent Concrete


2#25 Tension Side: As = ( 28.7 ) ( 4 ) = 2587.7 mm2
2

4
560 700 Equivalent area of Concrete: nAs = 8 ( 2587.7 ) = 20701.6 mm 2

4#29 
Compression Steel: As ' = ( 25.4 ) ( 2 ) = 1013.4 mm2
2

4
Equivalent area of Concrete: (2n − 1) As ' = 15 (1013.4 ) = 15201.2 mm 2
400 mm 70 mm

Note: In SI #29 bar has

diameter of 28.7 mm
 Calculate the stresses in concrete and steel for a moment
M=275kN.m and n=8.
Locating the N.A.
70 mm x
(2n-1)As’=15201.2 400 ( x )   + 15201.2 ( x − 70 ) = 20701.6 ( 630 − x )
2
200 ( x ) + 35902.8 x − 14106092 = 0
2

x
x = 190.576 mm
N.A
400 x − 70 = 120.57 6mm
560 630
630 − x = 439.424 mm

nAs=8(2587.7)=20701.6 Calculating I NA
1
I NA = ( )( ) + ( ) + ( )
3 2 2
400 190.576 15201.2 120.57 20701.6 439.424
3
INA = 5141223152 mm 4
Bending Stresses
Myc
Concrete : fc =
I NA
275 x106 (190.576 )
fc = = 10.2MPa
5141223152
Tension Steel Compression Steel
f s Myts f s Mycs
= =
n I NA 2n I NA
 My   Mycs 
f = n  ts  fs ' = 2n  
 I NA   NA 
I
 275 x106 ( 439.424 )   275 x106 (120.576 ) 
f s = (8)   = 188MPa fs ' = 2 ( 8 )   = 103.2MPa
 5141223152   5141223152 
End of Notes