AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

ANSI/ISA–98.00.01–2002

Qualifications and
Certification of Control
System Technicians

Approved 14 October 2002

TM

ISA–The Instrumentation,
Systems, and
Automation Society
ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002
Qualifications and Certification of Control System Technicians

ISBN: 1-55617-816-6

Copyright © 2002 by ISA—The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society. All rights reserved.
Not for resale. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the Publisher.

ISA
67 Alexander Drive
P.O. Box 12277
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
 —3— ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

Preface

This preface, as well as all footnotes and annexes, is included for information purposes and is not part of
ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002.

This document has been prepared as part of the service of ISAthe Instrumentation, Systems, and
Automation Societytoward a goal of uniformity in the field of instrumentation. To be of real value, this
document should not be static but should be subject to periodic review. Toward this end, the Society
welcomes all comments and criticisms and asks that they be addressed to the Secretary, Standards and
Practices Board; ISA; 67 Alexander Drive; P. O. Box 12277; Research Triangle Park, NC 27709;
Telephone (919) 549-8411; Fax (919) 549-8288; E-mail: standards@isa.org.

The ISA Standards and Practices Department is aware of the growing need for attention to the metric
system of units in general, and the International System of Units (SI) in particular, in the preparation of
instrumentation standards. The Department is further aware of the benefits to USA users of ISA
standards of incorporating suitable references to the SI (and the metric system) in their business and
professional dealings with other countries. Toward this end, this Department will endeavor to introduce
SI-acceptable metric units in all new and revised standards, recommended practices, and technical
reports to the greatest extent possible. Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The
Modern Metric System, published by the American Society for Testing & Materials as IEEE/ASTM SI 10-
97, and future revisions, will be the reference guide for definitions, symbols, abbreviations, and
conversion factors.

It is the policy of ISA to encourage and welcome the participation of all concerned individuals and
interests in the development of ISA standards, recommended practices, and technical reports.
Participation in the ISA standards-making process by an individual in no way constitutes endorsement by
the employer of that individual, of ISA, or of any of the standards, recommended practices, and technical
reports that ISA develops.

CAUTION — ISA ADHERES TO THE POLICY OF THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS

INSTITUTE WITH REGARD TO PATENTS. IF ISA IS INFORMED OF AN EXISTING PATENT THAT IS
REQUIRED FOR USE OF THE STANDARD, IT WILL REQUIRE THE OWNER OF THE PATENT TO
EITHER GRANT A ROYALTY-FREE LICENSE FOR USE OF THE PATENT BY USERS COMPLYING
WITH THE STANDARD OR A LICENSE ON REASONABLE TERMS AND CONDITIONS THAT ARE
FREE FROM UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION.

EVEN IF ISA IS UNAWARE OF ANY PATENT COVERING THIS STANDARD, THE USER IS
CAUTIONED THAT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STANDARD MAY REQUIRE USE OF TECHNIQUES,
PROCESSES, OR MATERIALS COVERED BY PATENT RIGHTS. ISA TAKES NO POSITION ON THE
EXISTENCE OR VALIDITY OF ANY PATENT RIGHTS THAT MAY BE INVOLVED IN IMPLEMENTING
THE STANDARD. ISA IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR IDENTIFYING ALL PATENTS THAT MAY
REQUIRE A LICENSE BEFORE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STANDARD OR FOR INVESTIGATING
THE VALIDITY OR SCOPE OF ANY PATENTS BROUGHT TO ITS ATTENTION. THE USER SHOULD
CAREFULLY INVESTIGATE RELEVANT PATENTS BEFORE USING THE STANDARD FOR THE
USER’S INTENDED APPLICATION.

HOWEVER, ISA ASKS THAT ANYONE REVIEWING THIS STANDARD WHO IS AWARE OF ANY
PATENTS THAT MAY IMPACT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STANDARD NOTIFY THE ISA
STANDARDS AND PRACTICES DEPARTMENT OF THE PATENT AND ITS OWNER.

ADDITIONALLY, THE USE OF THIS STANDARD MAY INVOLVE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS,

OPERATIONS OR EQUIPMENT. THE STANDARD CANNOT ANTICIPATE ALL POSSIBLE
APPLICATIONS OR ADDRESS ALL POSSIBLE SAFETY ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH USE IN
HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS. THE USER OF THIS STANDARD MUST EXERCISE SOUND
ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 —4—

PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT CONCERNING ITS USE AND APPLICABILITY UNDER THE USER’S
PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES. THE USER MUST ALSO CONSIDER THE APPLICABILITY OF
ANY GOVERNMENTAL REGULATORY LIMITATIONS AND ESTABLISHED SAFETY AND HEALTH
PRACTICES BEFORE IMPLEMENTING THIS STANDARD.

THE USER OF THIS DOCUMENT SHOULD BE AWARE THAT THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE IMPACTED
BY ELECTRONIC SECURITY ISSUES. THE COMMITTEE HAS NOT YET ADDRESSED THE
POTENTIAL ISSUES IN THIS VERSION.

The following people served as members of ISA Subcommittee SP98.01:

NAME COMPANY

L. McCaw Consultant
L. Lang Incal Service
T. Bowen Entergy Operations, Inc.
J. Cochlin Carrier Corp.
D. Dunn Rochester Gas & Electric Corp.
R. Fraser Humber College
W. Mayfield City of Austin Water & Wastewater
C. McKeown Johnson Matthey GPT
H. Patino Ecopetrol Colombia
M. Silva Lake Road Generating

The following people served as members of ISA Committee SP98:

R. Webb, Managing Director POWER Engineers

L. McCaw, Chairman Consultant
D. Bishop Consultant
D. Gillum Texas St. Technical College
L. Lang Incal Service
T. McAvinew ForeRunner Corp.
A. Ortolani Island Inst. & Control Inc.
M. Raines Instrumentation & Controls Inc.
T. Stout Consultant
M. Widmeyer Consultant

This standard was approved for publication by the ISA Standards and Practices Board on 18 October
2002.

NAME COMPANY

M. Zielinski Emerson Process Management

D. Bishop Consultant
D. Bouchard Paprican
M. Cohen Consultant
M. Coppler Ametek Inc.
B. Dumortier Schneider Electric
W. Holland Southern Co.
E. Icayan ACES Inc.
A. Iverson Ivy Optiks
R. Jones Dow Chemical Co.
V. Maggioli Feltronics Corp.
T. McAvinew ForeRunner Corp.
A. McCauley Chagrin Valley Controls Inc.
G. McFarland Westinghouse Process Control Inc.
 —5— ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

R. Reimer Rockwell Automation

J. Rennie Factory Mutual Research Corp.
H. Sasajima Yamatake Corporation
I. Verhappen Syncrude Canada Ltd.
R. Webb POWER Engineers
W. Weidman Parsons Energy & Chemicals Corp.
J. Weiss KEMA Consulting
M. Widmeyer Consultant
C. Williams Eastman Kodak Co.
G. Wood Graeme Wood Consulting
This page intentionally left blank.
 —7— ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

Table of Contents

1 Scope..................................................................................................................................................... 9

2 Purpose.................................................................................................................................................. 9

3 Definitions .............................................................................................................................................. 9

4 Technician Categories ......................................................................................................................... 10

4.1 Technician I .................................................................................................................................. 10

4.2 Technician II ................................................................................................................................. 10

4.3 Technician III ................................................................................................................................ 11

5 General Criteria ................................................................................................................................... 11

5.1 Group Leaders.............................................................................................................................. 11

5.2 Non-facility specific qualifications................................................................................................. 11

5.3 Minimum experience requirements .............................................................................................. 11

6 Certification of Qualifications ............................................................................................................... 12

6.1 Technician testing......................................................................................................................... 12

6.2 Knowledge proficiency.................................................................................................................. 12

6.3 Skill proficiency............................................................................................................................. 12

6.4 Performing tasks of higher technicians ........................................................................................ 12

6.5 Documenting and Evaluating Technicians ................................................................................... 12

6.6 Documenting Skill Proficiency, Written and Oral Examinations ................................................... 12

6.7 Evaluation..................................................................................................................................... 13

7 Education and Experience Requirements ........................................................................................... 13

7.1 Technician I .................................................................................................................................. 13

7.2 Technician II ................................................................................................................................. 13

7.3 Technician III ................................................................................................................................ 13

8 Training ................................................................................................................................................ 14

8.1 Integral training............................................................................................................................. 14

8.2 Certification Maintenance ............................................................................................................. 14

ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 —8—

9 Re-certification..................................................................................................................................... 14

10 Revocation of Certification................................................................................................................... 14

11 References.......................................................................................................................................... 14

Annex A - (informative) – Typical Knowledge Skills List............................................................................. 15

 —9— ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

1 Scope

This standard identifies the recommended criteria for certification of control system technicians. These
criteria address qualifications based on education, experience, training, and job performance.

2 Purpose
The purpose of this standard is to provide industry with basis for certifying the qualifications of control
systems technicians who work on facility equipment that is important to safe and efficient operations, in
order to help reduce the possibility that unqualified personnel could perform improper maintenance on
such equipment. It is intended solely as a recommendation for functional organization, and offers a
structured basis for certification of control system technicians in each specific facility where they may be
used.

The standard describes three (3) technician categories or levels, which are intended as functional
descriptions of typical skill proficiency and competency levels identified at numerous facilities as well as
empirically in job analysis. These are essentially points of reference for application of this standard to a
specific facility situation. No specific number of categories, levels, or classifications are required by this
standard since each facility has its own organizational structure and the information contained in this
standard is not intended to change existing organizational arrangements.

This standard also recognizes that each facility or company needs a certification program, procedure,
and/ or plan to cross-reference the relationship between the facility job descriptions/categories and the
three (3) functional levels. The key to this cross-reference is the existence of a good representative job
description of each type of technician at a facility.

This standard can be used independently in circumstances where no equivalent, formally accredited
program exists, although formal accreditation by a recognised and reliable accreditor is strongly
recommended. It is not intended, however, to set forth qualifications, which differ according to the
individual job descriptions in each organization. For example, the "Typical knowledge and skills list"
included as Annex A is meant to be a guideline only.

3 Definitions

3.1 control system:

a system in which deliberate guidance or manipulation is used to achieve a prescribed value of a variable
(see ANSI/ISA-51.1-1979 [R1993]).

3.2 device:
an apparatus for performing a prescribed function (see ANSI/ISA-51.1-1979 [R1993]).

3.3 direction:
rd
"management, supervision or guidance of an action" (American Heritage College Dictionary. 3 ed.);
performance of a task or operation under the guidance of a qualified individual (oversight may be in
person or via direct communication).

3.4 experience:
applicable work in design, construction, commissioning activities, operation, maintenance, on-site
activities, or technical services. Observation of others performing work in the above areas is not
experience. This experience can be obtained during start-up or operations in industry, or in the military.

3.5 group leader:

the person in the highest level of functional supervision whose responsibilities are oriented solely toward
instrumentation and control.
ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 — 10 —

3.6 important to safety:

those structures, systems, and components that provide reasonable assurance that the facility can be
operated without undue risk to the health and safety of the public (see 10 CFR, Part 50, Annex A).

3.7 instrumentation:
a collection of instruments or their application for the purpose of observation, measurement, or control
(see ANSI/ISA-51.1-1979 [R1993]).

3.8 knowledge:
familiarity with theory and concepts, and detailed understanding of job-related topics.

3.9 loop:
three or more devices or functions processing a single variable that may provide an input signal to a
control system.

3.10 may:
an auxiliary term that is used to express permission, but does not indicate a requirement or
recommendation.

3.11 shall:
an auxiliary term that is used to express a requirement.

3.12 should:
an auxiliary term that is used to express a recommendation.

3.13 skill:
the ability to demonstrate the practical application of knowledge.

3.14 technical supervision:

providing guidance, as needed, to a subordinate in the performance of an assigned task.

4 Technician Categories

This clause describes three (3) technician categories or levels that are meant to be functional
descriptions. No specific number of categories, levels, or classifications are required.

The terms "Technician I", "Technician II", and "Technician III", need not be used as job titles and job
descriptions, and shall be correlated with the terms below in the facility certification program.

4.1 Technician I

Shall be a person who performs calibration, loop checking, troubleshooting, and start-up with appropriate
direction on devices that perform basic functions such as temperature, pressure, flow, level, and
analytical measurements.

4.1.1 Shall be a person who can perform Technician II level tasks under the direction of a Technician II.

4.1.2 Shall be a person who can provide technical assistance or instruction, or both, during on-the-job
training to a Technician I.

4.2 Technician II

4.2.1 Shall be a person who can perform the tasks of a Technician I. The technician shall also be
capable of performing maintenance, repair, or organizing tasks without direction.
 — 11 — ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

4.2.2 Shall be a person who can perform Technician III level tasks under the direction of a Technician
III.

4.2.3 Shall be a person who can provide technical assistance or instruction, or both, during on-the-job
training to a Technician I or Technician II.

4.3 Technician III

4.3.1 Shall be a person who can perform the tasks of a Technician I and Technician II, and can perform
complex troubleshooting, calibration, and repair without direction on instrumentation, control systems, or
equipment.

4.3.2 Shall be a person who can perform Technician III level tasks under the direction of a Technician
III.

4.3.3 Shall be a person who can perform technical assistance or instruction, or both, during on-the-job
training to a Technician I and a Technician II.

4.3.4 Shall be a person who can perform project organization tasks.

5 General Criteria

5.1 Group Leaders

A facility’s maintenance or operations-based Instrumentation and Control (I&C) Group shall consist of a
Group Leader and one or more persons who are certified in the categories of Technician I, Technician II,
and Technician III. The Group Leader may also be a Technician III. Personnel who are not qualified in
one of the above categories may be a part of the I&C Group, provided they do not work on equipment
important to safety without direction.

5.2 Non-facility specific qualifications

A program to certify the knowledge and skills qualifications that are not facility-specific shall be instituted
by the employer of personnel in the technician categories. A program to certify the knowledge and skills
qualifications that are facility-specific shall be instituted by the facility operator in which personnel in the
technician categories work. The facility operator has ultimate responsibility for ensuring that every
technician performing work on facility equipment is properly certified at the appropriate level.

The program requirements are specified in Clause 6. For example, a contractor providing the technician
would certify the contractor's technician in facility-specific items only. The facility operator would certify its
own technician in both non-facility-specific and facility-specific items. The qualifications for each
technician category shall be based upon the job description of each category in a specific facility. The job
description shall be a list that may not be complete, but shall clearly identify the types of tasks that each
level of technician can perform without direction.

5.3 Minimum experience requirements

In addition to the knowledge and skills items, there shall be minimum experience requirements for each
technician category. Individual programs shall specify the type and duration of experience required for
participation in that program. Suggested minimum requirements are specified in Clause 7.
ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 — 12 —

6 Certification of Qualifications

6.1 Technician testing

Each technician shall be tested on at least a representative sample of the knowledge and skills items
from the job description of the category for which the technician is to be certified.

6.2 Knowledge proficiency

Knowledge proficiency shall be demonstrated and documented by written examination.

6.3 Skill proficiency

Skill proficiency shall be demonstrated and documented by direct observation of the technician's
performance of actual or simulated tasks by a technician possessing at least the next higher certification,
or by an individual designated by management.

6.4 Performing tasks of higher technicians

A technician may be certified to individually perform tasks of the next higher technician category by
successful completion of the knowledge and/or skills proficiency examination(s) directly related to those
tasks.

6.5 Documenting and Evaluating Technicians

The facility operator shall maintain documentation, in accordance with existing facility and personnel
procedures, on each technician to show the following items:

a) Name of employer and certifying agency

b) Name of certified individual

c) Level of technician certification

d) Dates of effective period of certification

e) Signature of employer's or certifying agency's designated representative

f) Training records to support certification

g) Education and experience from outside sources

h) Evaluation by the immediate supervisor

6.6 Documenting Skill Proficiency, Written and Oral Examinations

The facility operator shall maintain documentation, in accordance with existing facility and personnel
procedures, on skill proficiency and written and oral examinations to show the following:

a) Name of technician

b) Name of evaluator

c) Date of examination
 — 13 — ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

d) Pass/fail criteria

e) Pass/fail status of the technician

f) Question and answer keys for written examinations

g) Evaluation criteria and results for skill proficiency examinations

h) Questions and pass/fail criteria for each question on oral examinations

6.7 Evaluation

Evaluation by the immediate supervisor shall include, but not be limited to, comment on the technician's
technical competence and quality of work.

7 Education and Experience Requirements

7.1 Technician I

Requires a five-year total of education, training, and/or experience. The following elements may be used
to satisfy this requirement:

a) A registered apprenticeship in an instrumentation, measurement and control, electronics, electrical,

and/or mechanical program, if applicable.

b) Academic degree (or equivalent) in a related technology area, to a maximum of four years.

c) Related work experience.

7.2 Technician II

Requires a seven-year total education, training, and/or experience. The following elements may be used
to satisfy this requirement:

a) A registered apprenticeship in an instrumentation, measurement and control, electronics, electrical,

and/or mechanical program, if applicable.

b) Academic degree (or equivalent) in a related technology area, to a maximum of four years.

c) Related work experience, including at least two years in instrumentation/measurement and control.

7.3 Technician III

Requires a thirteen-year total of education, training, and/or experience. The following elements may be
used to satisfy this requirement:

a) A registered apprenticeship in an instrumentation, measurement and control, electronics, electrical,

and/or mechanical program, if applicable.

b) Academic degree (or equivalent) in a related technology area, to a maximum of four years.

c) Related work experience, including at least five years in instrumentation/measurement and control.
ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 — 14 —

8 Training

8.1 Integral training

In order for each person to meet the qualifications in the technician categories, a training program shall
be an integral part of the certification program. An example of the skills and knowledge subjects for a
training program is provided in Annex A.

8.2 Certification Maintenance

Maintenance of certification shall be accomplished by continuous work as a control technician and

participation in an ongoing continuing training program.

9 Re-certification

A technician must be re-certified under the following conditions:

a) When the technician transfers to another plant or unit in which the technician is not certified, or

b) If the technician does not work in his/her certification level for a period of time exceeding the facility
operator's requirements (see 8.2).

10 Revocation of Certification

A technician's certification may be revoked by the technician's employer as a result of justifiable and
documented disciplinary action. If the technician exhibits gross incompetence, or willful misconduct, or
engages in illegal or unethical activities of a nature or severity wherein the health and safety of co-
workers or the public is placed in jeopardy; or the individual has exhibited actions that compromise his
future reliability and/or trustworthiness, the technician's certification shall be revoked.

11 References

ISA

ISA's Certified Control Systems Technician program information guide.

ISA's Certified Control Systems Technician knowledge and skills statements.

ANSI/ISA-51.1-1979 (R1993) Process Instrumentation Terminology (and other standards)

Available from: ISA

P.O. Box 12277

67 Alexander Dr.

Research Triangle Park, NC 27709

Tel: (919) 549-8411

 — 15 — ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

Annex A - (informative) – Typic a l Knowledge Skills List

This annex is not part of the standard, but is attached to provide information to facilitate determination of
the knowledge and skills an Instrumentation and Control Technician should have to work safely and
effectively. The knowledge and skills listed here are typically found in I&C training programs. Each
facility should tailor its training program content and technician skill requirements to the specific needs of
the facility. It is expected that this may be accomplished by adding to or subtracting from these lists.

Knowledge and Skills Statements:

LEVEL I: Includes Domains I-IV

LEVEL II: Includes Domains I-VI

LEVEL III: Includes Domains I-VII

A.1 Domain 1: Calibration

A.1.1 Task 1 - Obtain all documents needed for device calibration in order to proceed with calibration.

Knowledge of:

Data Sheets

Calibration Sheets

P&ID Drawings

Loop Diagrams

Site Procedures

Mechanical & Electrical Drawings

Skill in:

Interpreting drawings

Searching technical information

Communication

Following site procedures

A.1.2 Task 2 - Identify the correct device to be calibrated through documentation and instrument
identification systems in order to ensure proper calibration.

Knowledge of:

ISA Standards

Site Documentation
ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 —16—

Skill in:

Interpreting data sheets

Converting unit from metric/English or English/metric

A.1.3 Task 3 - Select the correct test equipment through documentation and visual inspection as
identified by site calibration procedures in order to correctly calibrate the device.

Knowledge of:

Electrical and Pneumatic Test Equipment

ISA Standards

All appropriate procedures

Acceptable certifying agencies, companies, etc.

Basic Measurement Units

Skill in:

Obtaining appropriate test equipment

Validating certification by matching or locating certification stickers

Using hand tools

Using test equipment

A.1.4 Task 4 - Connect the test equipment to the device as required by manufacturer specifications and
site procedures in order to properly and safely calibrate the device.

Knowledge of:

Fundamentals of pneumatics

Fundamentals of electricity

Fundamentals of schematic diagrams

Basic physics of energy and power

Basic physical and chemical properties of matter

Basic temperature scales

Basic pressure units

Basic flow units

Basic level

Basic conversions
 — 17 — ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

All appropriate site procedures

Manufacturer specifications

Skill in:

Building a mechanical and electrical circuit, including piping, wiring circuits, and working with
live circuits using test equipment.

Using hand tools

Using test equipment

Using power sources

Using pressure sources

A.1.5 Task 5 - Apply input values to the device as specified on instrument data sheet in order to
simulate process parameters.

Knowledge of:

Fundamentals of pneumatics

Fundamentals of electricity

Fundamentals of schematic diagrams

Basic physics of energy and power

Basic physical and chemical properties of matter

Basic temperature scales

Basic pressure units

Basic flow units

Basic level

Basic conversions and mathematics

Manufacturer specifications

Skill in:

Simulating a mechanical/pneumatic/electrical signal into a device

Using/working with high pressure sources, high temperature sources, voltage and current
sources, etc.

Using hand tools

Using test equipment

ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 —18—

Using power sources

Using pressure sources

A.1.6 Task 6 - Record "as found" readings on calibration sheets in order to provide a history of the
device.

Knowledge of:

Mathematics

Physical sciences

Conversions

Electronic fundamentals

Pneumatic fundamentals

Skill in:

Gathering technical information

Writing (i.e., work reports or calibration sheets)

Applying mathematical units and relationships

Selecting required form

A.1.7 Task 7 - Compare "as found" readings with the required values as specified by the instrument
data sheet in order to identify if the device needs to be adjusted according to allowable tolerances.

Knowledge of:

Mathematics

Physical sciences

Conversions

Electronic fundamentals

Pneumatic fundamentals

Skill in:

Analyzing data

Writing

Applying mathematical units and relationships

Selecting required form

 — 19 — ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

A.1.8 Task 8 - Make adjustments to the device, if necessary, through site calibration procedures in
order to ensure accuracy.

Knowledge of:

Calibration procedures

Mathematics

Physical sciences

Electronic fundamentals

Pneumatic fundamentals

Electrical fundamentals

Skill in:

Working with tools

Reading and interpreting test equipment

Using power sources (electrical or pressure)

Analyzing data

A.1.9 Task 9 - Complete all documentation as required in order to update all calibration records.

Knowledge of:

Calibration procedures

Mathematics

Physical sciences

Electronic fundamentals

Pneumatic fundamentals

Electrical fundamentals

Site documentation procedures

Skill in:

Gathering technical information

Writing

Applying mathematical units and relationships

Selecting required forms

ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 —20—

Completing calibration sheets

A.2 Domain II: Loop Checking

A.2.1 Task 1 - Obtain documents pertaining to the process loop in order to understand all devices and
their intended functions.

Knowledge of:

ANSI/ISA – 5.1-1984 (R1992), Instrumentation Symbols and Identification

The function of each loop component

ANSI/ISA - 5.4-1991, Instrument Loop Diagrams

Loop checking procedures

Skill in:

Interpreting P&ID symbols

Interpreting loop diagrams

Following all appropriate procedures

A.2.2 Task 2 - Inspect the loop components through visual observation in order to ensure that the
components are correctly installed.

Knowledge of:

Mechanical and electrical fundamentals

ANSI/ISA-5.4-1991, Instrument Loop Diagrams

Loop components and operations through review of data sheets

Skill in:

Interpreting P&ID symbols

Interpreting loop diagrams

Following all appropriate procedures

Interconnecting loop components

A.2.3 Task 3 - Verify that appropriate utilities are available and operational through visual inspection in
order to perform the loop check.

Knowledge of:

Physical sciences and mathematics

DC & AC circuits
 — 21 — ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

Mechanical and electrical fundamentals

Skill in:

Interpreting P&IDs

Interpreting mechanical and electrical drawings

Using test/measurement equipment

A.2.4 Task 4 - Isolate the process loop from the system by following established site procedures in
order to perform the loop check in a safe manner.

Knowledge of:

Site safety procedures

Site loop check procedures

Loop diagrams

P&IDs

Skill in:

Interpreting P&ID symbols

Using loop diagrams

Following all appropriate procedures

A.2.5 Task 5 - Simulate a change in the measured variable in order to verify proper loop performance.

Knowledge of:

Basic physical properties of matter

Fundamentals of electricity

Function of each loop component

Basic temperature, pressure, flow, and level properties

Skill in:

Using test equipment

Interpreting loop diagrams

Interpreting P&IDs

Using hand tools

ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 —22—

A.2.6 Task 6 - Make necessary corrections in order to bring loop performance within specifications.

Knowledge of:

Basic physical properties of matter

Fundamentals of electricity

Function of each loop component

Basic temperature, pressure, flow, and level properties

Skill in:

Using test equipment

Interpreting specification sheets

Interpreting loop diagrams

Interpreting P&IDs

Using hand tools

A.2.7 Task 7 - Complete all documentation as required in order to update all loop records.

Knowledge of:

All appropriate site documentation

All appropriate site procedures

ANSI/ISA - 5.4-1991, Instrument Loop Diagrams

Skill in:

Using drafting standards

Technical writing

A.3 Domain III: Troubleshooting

A.3.1 Task 1 - Examine all pertinent documentation in order to identify the proper operation of the
control system and devices and to provide a baseline against which to evaluate the problem.

Knowledge of:

P&ID drawings

Loop diagrams

Process control system

Front end elements

 — 23 — ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

Final elements

Systems

Site procedures

Operating manuals and procedures

Skill in:

Interpreting a loop drawing to identify the devices in a particular loop

Interpreting complex technical documents

Understanding process control

Interpreting P&IDs

A.3.2 Task 2 - Identify any discrepancies between observed and proper operation of the control system
in order to determine whether a problem exists.

Knowledge of:

Process control

Loop diagrams and data sheets

P&ID drawings

Operating manuals and procedures

Problem-solving techniques

Skill in:

Identifying abnormal variations in data or readings from charts or indicators

Identifying malfunctions in equipment and possible causes for these malfunctions

Reading technical documents

A.3.3 Task 3 - Determine which device or devices of the control system could be causing the observed
discrepancies in order to formulate a plan of corrective action.

Knowledge of:

Process control

P&ID drawings

Electrical fundamentals

Mechanical fundamentals

Basic flow, temperature, pressure, and level fundamentals

ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 —24—

Problem-solving techniques

Skill in:

Identifying abnormal operating conditions

Developing alternative solutions to a problem

Communication

Interpreting P&IDs

Interpreting technical drawings

A.3.4 Task 4 - Isolate each suspected device from the control system by following established site
procedures in order to perform troubleshooting in a safe manner.

Knowledge of:

Process control (how systems are connected and the required components for each system)

Safety practices

Systems (e.g., electronics, pneumatics, mechanical, electrical)

Documentation, drawings, and ANSI/ISA – 5.1-1984 (R1992), Instrumentation Symbols and

Identification

Skill in:

Interpreting drawings

Interpreting complex technical documents

Following site safety procedures

Identification of safety hazards

A.3.5 Task 5 - Exercise each device across calibrated range in order to determine proper operation.

Knowledge of:

Process control

Site procedures

Use of test equipment

Electrical and mechanical systems

Skill in:

Manipulating inputs to a device

Interpreting output readings

 — 25 — ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

Using test equipment

A.3.6 Task 6 - Perform corrective action, if necessary, according to site procedures in order to resolve
the problem.

Knowledge of:

Process control

Site procedures

Safety procedures

Systems (e.g., electronics, pneumatics, mechanical, electrical)

Mathematics

Skill in:

Using test equipment

Implementing detailed action plans

Using hand tools

Verifying problem has been corrected

Interpreting data and making comparisons

Checking for variance/error percentage

A.3.7 Task 7 - Complete all documentation as required in order to update all records.

Knowledge of:

Site documentation procedures

Skill in:

Completing required documentation

A.4 Domain IV: Start-up

A.4.1 Task 1 - Examine all pertinent documentation in order to verify completion of all control systems
that are required for start-up.

Knowledge of:

Site procedures

Loop diagrams, data and calibration sheets

P&ID drawings

Operation and equipment manuals

ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 —26—

Skill in:

Interpreting calibration data sheets

Interpreting loop sheets

Interpreting P&IDs

Interpreting, organizing, filing, and establishing order for documentation

A.4.2 Task 2 - Implement applicable safety practices to be followed in order to ensure that all personnel
are informed of the possible hazards during start-up.

Knowledge of:

Process control

Site procedures

Systems

Safety equipment

Skill in:

Communicating safety practices

Demonstrating safety practices

A.4.3 Task 3 - Coordinate activities with all personnel involved in order to ensure that all personnel are
aware of their responsibilities during start-up.

Knowledge of:

Systems

Basic duties of other disciplines

Skill in:

Communicating problems identified during field walk-downs, calibrations, loop checks, etc.

Establishing priorities for start-up

Assigning tasks

Using hand tools, measuring devices, and test equipment

A.4.4 Task 4 - Implement start-up according to site procedures in order to ensure that the system is
operating properly.

Knowledge of:

Process control
 — 27 — ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

Site procedures

Proper sequencing of start-up plan

Task assignments

Electrical and mechanical systems

Skill in:

Following site procedures

Interpreting a start-up plan

Performing task assignments

Calibrating, loop checking, and troubleshooting

A.4.5 Task 5 - Assist site personnel to identify and correct problems that arise during start-up in order
to commission the system.

Knowledge of:

Process control

Tools and test equipment

Instruments and loop diagrams

Operator interface

Skill in:

Using tools and test equipment

Calibrating

Troubleshooting

Communicating with others

A.4.6 Task 6 - Complete all documentation as required in order to update all records.

Knowledge of:

Required documentation

Site procedures

Skill in:

Completing documentation
ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 —28—

A.5 Domain V: Maintenance/Repair

A.5.1 Task 1 - Obtain documents pertaining to the device in order to understand the operation of the
device and investigate its performance history.

Knowledge of:

Calibration and data sheets

Site procedures

Manufacturer's documents

Skill in:

Interpreting documentation (technical manuals)

Interpreting P&IDs

Evaluating relevant manuals/drawings for available information

A.5.2 Task 2 - Assess the condition of the device through documentation, inspection and testing in
order to maintain the device's performance and determine the need for any repairs.

Knowledge of:

Calibration and data sheets

Manufacturer's documents

Problem Analysis techniques

Basics of instrument device operation

Skill in:

Isolating instruments for active process hazards

Using hand tools

Using test/calibration equipment

Operating calibration equipment which contains historical information

A.5.3 Task 3 - If required, remove device from service following all site and safety procedures in order
to perform needed repairs.

Knowledge of:

Safety procedures

Site procedures

Risk analysis techniques fundamentals

 — 29 — ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

Skill in:

Operating decontamination equipment

Implementing repairs with the required manpower

Following instrument repair/replace procedures

A.5.4 Task 4 - If required, decontaminate device in accordance with material safety data sheets, site,
and safety procedures in order to ensure safe conditions.

Knowledge of:

Safety procedures

Site procedures

MSDS (Material and Safety Data Sheets) documents

Manufacturer's documents

Skill in:

Following procedures for decontamination

Observing all safety procedures required for process integrity and personnel safety

A.5.5 Task 5 - Perform any applicable repairs by following proper procedures in order to return the
device to service.

Knowledge of:

Instrument's operation and maintenance manual

Site procedures

Mechanical fundamentals

Electrical fundamentals

Skill in:

Disassembling and reassembling the instrument

Following site procedures

Using hand tools

Repairing the instrument

ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 —30—

A.5.6 Task 6 - If required, re-calibrate the device following site procedures in order to ensure proper
operation.

Knowledge of:

Calibration procedures

Site procedures

Electrical fundamentals

Mechanical fundamentals

Test equipment

Skill in:

Using hand tools

Using test equipment

Following site procedures

Following calibration procedures

A.5.7 Task 7 - Complete all documentation as required in order to update all device and maintenance
records.

Knowledge of:

Calibration procedures

Site procedures

Skill in:

Following procedures

Completing documentation

A.6 Domain VI: Project Organization

A.6.1 Task 1 - Obtain documents pertaining to the control project in order to understand all
requirements of the control project.

Knowledge of:

Safety procedures

Site procedures

P&IDs, loop diagrams, instrument indexes, etc.

 — 31 — ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

Skill in:

Interpreting technical documents

Interpreting P&IDs

Interpreting loop diagrams

Following oral instructions

Following written instructions

A.6.2 Task 2 - Communicate with necessary personnel in order to define the activities required for
control project completion.

Knowledge of:

Basic duties of other disciplines

Project planning

Written and oral communication techniques

Skill in:

Communicating

Technical writing

A.6.3 Task 3 - Participate in control project planning in order to coordinate all resources for the project.

Knowledge of:

Basic duties of other disciplines

Project planning

Personnel resources

Task assignments

Start-up

Skill in:

Communication

Technical writing

Interpreting procedures
ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 —32—

A.6.4 Task 4 - Supervise all necessary personnel to ensure compliance with site procedures in order to
direct the control project in a safe and efficient manner.

Knowledge of:

Overall project

Individual responsibilities

Supervision

Time management

Site procedures

Skill in:

Scheduling

Planning

Communicating

Assessing abilities of personnel

Following procedures

A.6.5 Task 5 - Monitor all necessary resources in order to control variances from the project plan.

Knowledge of:

Overall project

Site procedures

Organizational planning and scheduling techniques

Skill in:

Scheduling

Planning

Communicating

Time management

Assessing abilities of personnel

Following procedures
 — 33 — ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

A.6.6 Task 6 - Complete all documentation as required in order to update all records.

Knowledge of:

P&IDs, loop diagrams, etc.

Site procedures

Skill in:

Following procedures

Completing documentation

A.7 Domain VII: Administration

A.7.1 Task 1 - Obtain a current set of site procedures in order to comply with requirements.

Knowledge of:

Location of site procedures

Skill in:

Procuring information

A.7.2 Task 2 - Verify that the instrument index, P&IDs, loop diagrams, etc. are current in order to
ensure compliance with site procedures and job specifications.

Knowledge of:

Latest revisions

Skill in:

Procuring documents

Interpreting documents

A.7.3 Task 3 - Organize all calibration and data sheets, loop diagrams, P&IDs, Installation, Operation
and Maintenance (IOM) manuals, instrument location, and installation details in order to maintain
compliance with site procedures.

Knowledge of:

Leadership techniques

Organizational methods

Skill in:

Leading others

Organizing
ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002 —34—

Communicating

A.7.4 Task 4: Verify that certifications of test equipment and personnel are current and on file in order
to ensure compliance with site procedures.

Knowledge of:

Organization methods

Proper instrument test certification

Proper personnel test certification

Skill in:

Reading technical information/manuals

Communicating

A.7.5 Task 5 - Develop a tracking system for the receipt, storage, and issuing of instruments onsite in
order to control resources of the project.

Knowledge of:

Shipping and receiving

Site procedures

Methods for instrument identification

Skill in:

Technical writing

Observing, inspecting

Organizational techniques

A.7.6 Task 6 - Review all calibration sheets and completed loop checks in order to ensure accuracy
and completeness of the documents.

Knowledge of:

Communication methods

Calibrations sheets and loop diagrams

Skill in:

Technical writing

Observing, inspecting

Organizational techniques
 — 35 — ANSI/ISA-98.00.01-2002

A.7.7 Task 7 - Sign off all documentation as complete and accurate in order to comply with site
procedures.

Knowledge of:

P&IDs, loop diagrams, calibration sheets, etc.

Site procedures

Organizational methods

Skill in:

Organizational techniques

A.7.8 Task 8 - Generate as-built drawings in order to provide accurate and current drawings.

Knowledge of:

Drafting techniques

P&IDs, loop diagrams, etc.

Skill in:

Drafting

Observing installed work

Communicating

Technical writing

A.7.9 Task 9 - Assemble proper documents in order to archive historical data and to complete the
project.

Knowledge of:

Organizational methods

Site procedures

Skill in:

Communicating

Organizational techniques
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Developing and promulgating sound consensus standards, recommended practices, and technical
reports is one of ISA’s primary goals. To achieve this goal the Standards and Practices Department
relies on the technical expertise and efforts of volunteer committee members, chairmen and reviewers.

ISA is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited organization. ISA administers United
States Technical Advisory Groups (USTAGs) and provides secretariat support for International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) committees
that develop process measurement and control standards. To obtain additional information on the
Society’s standards program, please write:

ISA
Attn: Standards Department
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P.O. Box 12277
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709

ISBN: 1-55617-816-6