TALLER 3 DE FISICOQUÍMICA

EYLEN GISEL OVIEDO PADRÓN

PRESENTADO A:
MANUEL SILVESTRE PAEZ MEZA

UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS
DEPARTAMENTO DE QUÍMICA
GRUPO G01

DICIEMBRE 2021
 UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA.
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BASICAS PROGRAMA
DE QUIMICA.
TALLER N°3 DE FISICOQUIMICA I.
Profesor: Manuel Páez.

1. A 0.5 mole of gas at temperature 300 K expands isothermally from an initial volume
of 2 L to 6 L
(a) What is the work done by the gas?

We know that the work done by the gas in an isothermal expansion

Since µ = 0.5
W = 0.5molx 8.31j / mol x300K In (6L / 2L)
W = 1,369 kJ
Note that W is positive since the work is done by the gas.

(b) Estimate the heat added to the gas?

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, in an isothermal process the supplied heat
is expended to do work.
Therefore, Q = W = 1.369 kJ. Therefore, Q is also positive, which implies that heat flows
into the system.

(c) What is the final pressure of the gas? (The value of gas constant, R = 8.31 J mol-1
K-1)

For an isothermal process

P i V i = P f V f = µ RT
Pf = (µ RT) / V_f = 0.5mol8.31j / mol x300K In (6L / 2L)
= 207.75 k Pa

2. The following PV curve shows two isothermal processes for two different
temperatures and. Identify the higher temperature of these two.
Answer: To determine the curve for the highest temperature, draw a horizontal line parallel
to the x-axis as shown in the figure. This is the constant pressure line. The volumes V 1 and
V 2 belong to the same pressure as the vertical lines of V 1 and V 2 meet the constant pressure
line.

At constant pressure, the larger the volume of the gas, the higher the temperature. From the
figure, since V 1> V 2 we conclude T 1> T 2. In general, the isothermal curve closest to the
origin has a lower temperature.

3. We often have the experience of pumping air into bicycle tyre using hand pump.
Consider the air inside the pump as a thermodynamic system having volume V at
atmospheric pressure and room temperature, 27°C. Assume that the nozzle of the tyre is
blocked and you push the pump to a volume 1/4 of V. Calculate the final temperature of air
in the pump? (For air , since the nozzle is blocked air will not flow into tyre and it can be
treated as an adiabatic compression).

Here, the process is adiabatic compression. The volumen is given and temperatura is to be
found. We can use the equation
𝑇𝑖𝑉𝑖𝑌−1 = 𝑇𝑓𝑉𝑓𝑌−1
𝑇𝑖 = 300𝑘(273 + 27°𝐶 = 300𝑘)

𝑉
𝑉𝑖𝑘 𝑜𝑟 2490𝐶
𝑉𝑓
This temperature his higher than the boiling point of wáter. So it very dangerous to touch the
nozzle of blocked pump when you pump air.

4. The following graph shows a V-T graph for isobaric processes at two different
pressures. Identify which one occurs at higher pressure.

From the ideal gas equation

V = (µR/P) T
V-T graph is a straight line passing the origin.
The slope = µR/P
The slope of V-T graph is inversely proportional to the pressure. If the slope is greater, lower
is the pressure.
In this case P1 has larger slope than P2 so P2 > P1
If we suppose the graph is made between T and V, in other words, temperature along the X
axis, and volume along the Y axis, then will we still have P2 > P1.

5. One mole of an ideal gas initially kept in a cylinder at pressure 1 MPa and
temperature 27°C is made to expand until its volume is doubled.

(a) How much work is done if the expansion is (i) adiabatic

The work done in the system in an adiabatic process:

𝜇𝑅
 𝑊𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎 = [𝑇𝑖 − 𝑇𝑓] 𝛾
−1
To find the final temperature Tf, we can use adiabatic equation of state.

𝑇𝑓𝑉𝑓𝛾−1 = 𝑇𝑖𝑉𝑖𝛾−1

𝛾−1 2/3

𝑇𝑓
𝑉𝑓 2

𝑇𝑓 = 300𝐾 ∙ 0.63
= 189.8𝐾

𝑊
𝑊 = 1.37 𝑘𝐽
(ii) isobaric

In an isobaric process the work done by the system

W = P ∆V = P(Vf – Vi) and Vf

= 2Vi so W = 2PVi

To find Vi, we can use the ideal gas law for initial state. PiVi = RTi

𝑉𝑖 = 𝑅 𝑇𝑖 = 8.3 × 300 × 10−6

𝑃𝑖 1

𝑉𝑖 = 24.9 × 10−4𝑚3

Work done

𝑊 = 2(106)(24.9 × 10−4)

𝑊 = 4.9 𝑘𝐽

(iii) isothermal

In an isothermal process the initial room temperature is constant.

𝑉𝑓
 𝑊 = 𝜇𝑅𝑇 𝑙𝑛 = ( )
𝑉𝑖

𝑊 = 1(8.3)(300)(𝑙𝑛(2) = 1.7 𝑘𝐽

(b) Identify the processes in which change in internal energy is least and is maximum.
Comparing all three processes, we see that the work done in the isobaric process is the
greatest, and work done in the adiabatic process is the least.
(c) Show each process on a PV diagram.

The area under the curve AB = Work done during the isobaric process
The area under the curve AC = Work done during the isothermal process
The area under the curve AD= Work done during the adiabatic process
From the PV diagram the area under the curve AB is more, implying that the work done in
isobaric process is highest and work done in adiabatic process is least.

(d) Name the processes in which the heat

(Take γ = 5/3 and R=8.3 J mol-1 K-1)

In an adiabatic process no heat enters into the system or leaves from the system. In an isobaric
process the work done is more so heat supplied should be more compared to an isothermal
process.

6. 500 g of water is heated from 30°C to 60°C. Ignoring the slight expansion of
water, calculate the change in internal energy of the water? (specific heat of water
4184 J/kg.K)
When water is heated from 30 ° C to 60 ° C, there is only a slight change in its volume. So
we can treat this process as isochoric. In an isochoric process, the work done by the system
is zero. The heat provided is used to increase internal energy only.

∆U = Q = ms v ∆T

The mass of water = 500 g = 0.5 kg

Temperature change = 30K

Heat Q = 0.5 × 4184 × 30 = 62.76 kJ

7. The PV diagrams for a thermodynamical system is given in the figure below.

Calculate the total work done in each of the cyclic processes shown.

Answer:
A)In this case the closed curve is anticlockwise. So, the net work done is negative, implying
that the work done on the system is greater than the work done by the system. The area under
the curve BC will give work done on the gas (isobaric compression) and area under the curve
DA (work done by the system) will give the total work done by the system.

Area under the curve BC = Area of rectangle BC12 = 1 × 4= − 4J

Area under the curve DA = 1 × 2= + 2J

Net work done in cyclic process = −4 + 2= −2 J

B)In this case the closed curve is clockwise. So the net work done is positive, implying that
the work done on the system is less than the work done by the system. Area under the curve
BC will give work done on the gas (isobaric compression) and area under the curve AB will
give the total work done by the system.
Area under the curve AB = rectangle area+ triangle area = (1×2) + 1/2 × 1×2 = +3J
Area under the curve BC = rectangle area = 1 × 2 = − 2J
Network done in the cyclic process = 1 J, which is positive.

C)In this case the closed curve is anticlockwise. So, the net work done is negative, implying
that the work done on the system is greater than work done by the system. The area under the
curve AB will give the work done on the gas (isobaric compression) and area under the curve
CA (work done by the system) will give the total work done by the system.
The area under the curve AB =Rectangle of area = 4 × 1 = - 4J
The area under the curve CA = Rectangle area + triangle area = (1×2) + 1/2 × 1×2 = +3J The
total work in the cyclic process = -1 J. It is negative.
Algunas aplicaciones de la primera ley de la termodinámica

8. Un mol de un gas ideal realiza 3000 J de trabajo sobre su entor- cuando se expande de
manera isotérmica a una presión final 1.00 atril y volumen de 25.0 L. Determine (a) el
volumen ini- y (b) la temperatura del gas. Respuesta:
𝑉𝑓 𝑉𝑓
A) W = - nRT ln ( ) = Pf Vf ln ( )
𝑉𝑖 𝑉𝑖

3
𝑊 −3000

Entonces Vi = Vf exp(+ 𝑃 𝑓 𝑉𝑓) = (0.0250) exp [ 0

.0250(1.013𝑥 105)] = 0.00765 m

B) Tf = 𝑃𝑓 𝑉𝑓 = 1.013 𝑥 103𝑃𝑎(0.0250𝑚3) =
𝐽
305 K
𝑛𝑅 1.00 𝑚𝑜𝑙 (8.314 ∗𝑚𝑜𝑙 )
𝐾

9. Un bloque de 1 kg de aluminio se caliente a presión atmosférica de modo que su

temperatura aumenta de 22°C a 40°C. Encuentre (a) el trabajo realizado sobre el aluminio,
(b) la energía agregada a él por calor, y (c) el cambio en su energía interna. Respuesta:
A) W = - PΔV = -P [3𝑎𝑉𝛥𝑇]

= -(1.013 x 105 N/m2)[3(240 𝑥 10−6 °𝐶−1) ( 1.00 𝐾𝑔3𝐾𝑔) (18.0°𝐶)]

2.70 𝑥 10 𝑚3

W = -48.6 mJ

B) Q = cmΔT = (900 J/Kg * °C)(1.00 Kg)(18.0°C) = 16.2 kJ

 C) ΔEint = Q + W = 16.2 kJ – 48.6 mJ = 16.2 kJ

10. Un gas ideal inicialmente a P;. Vi y Ti se lleva por un ciclo como \se ve en la figura
P20.38. (a) Encuentre el trabajo neto realizado sobre el gas por ciclo. (b) ¿Cuál es la
energía neta agregada por calor al sistema por ciclo? (c) Obtenga un valor numérico para
el trabajo neto realizado por ciclo para 1 mol de gas inicialmente a 0°C.

Respuesta:
A) El trabajo que se realizó durante cada paso del ciclo es igual al negativo del área
bajo el segmento de la curva PV.
W = WDA + WAB + WBC + WCD
W = Pi (Vi -3Vi) + 0 – 3Pi(3Vi – Vi) + 0 = -4PiVi

B) Los valores iniciales y finales de T para el sistema son iguales, entonces.

ΔEint = 0 y Q = - W = 4PiVi

C) W = - 4PiVi = - 4nRTi = - 4(1.00)(8.314)(273) = -9.08 kJ