KOLEJ MATRIKULASI SELANGOR physics\akademik\1PN\SF016\ch9

9 Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) 7. Velocity-displacement graph (v-x)

IDEA/ Examples of SHM system: simple pendulum, vertical and Information:
horizontal spring oscillations (i) Maximum
velocity, vmax =
A
(ii) Maximum
displacement/
Amplitude = A
8. Acceleration-displacement graph (a-x)
Information:
(i) Maximum acceleration,
amax = A2
 SHM is about a system that (ii) Maximum
WHY? displacement/
doing a periodic motion/
oscillations Amplitude = A
•There is a force, restoring
(iii) Gradient of the graph =
WHAT? force FS which causes simple
harmonic motion to occur – 2
•This force is proportional to 9. Energy-displacement graph (E-x)
•The back & forth motion of an
object about a fixed point the displacement from
(equilibrium position) equilibrium & always directed
towards equilibrium
Oscillation/ Periodic Motion
9.1 Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
1. A periodic motion without loss of energy in which the
acceleration of a body is directly proportional to its
displacement from the equilibrium position (fixed point) and
is directed towards the equilibrium position but in opposite
direction of the displacement 1 1 1
Potential energy, 𝑈 = k𝑥 2 = 𝑚2 𝑥 2 = 𝑚2 𝐴2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑡 + )
𝑑2 𝑥 2 2 2
𝑎 = −2 𝑥 = 2 1 1 1
𝑑𝑡 Kinetic energy, 𝐾 = 𝑚𝑣 2 𝑚2 (𝐴2 − 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑚2 𝐴2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑡 + )
2. Amplitude, A = maximum magnitude of the displacement 2 2 2
1 1
from the equilibrium position 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦, 𝐸 = 𝐾 + 𝑈 = 𝑚 𝐴 = 𝑘𝐴2
2 2
3. Period, T = time to make one complete oscillation 2 2
4. Frequency, f = number of cycles in one second 9.4 Period of SHM
1 1 2
𝑇 =  f = , = = 2𝑓
𝑓 𝑇 𝑇
9.2 Kinematics of SHM
5. Solution for SHM
𝑑2 𝑥
𝑎 = 2 = −2 𝑥
𝑑𝑡
x = A sin (t + )
𝑑𝑥
𝑣= = 𝐴 cos(𝑡 + )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑2 𝑥
𝑎 = 2 = −2 𝐴 sin(𝑡 + )
𝑑𝑡
In term of t
x = A cos (t + )
𝑑𝑥
𝑣= = −𝐴 sin(𝑡 + )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑2 𝑥
𝑎 = 2 = −2 𝐴 cos(𝑡 + )
𝑑𝑡

In term of x 𝑣 = ±√𝐴2 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐴

𝑎 = −2 𝑥, 𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐴
9.3 Graphs of SHM
6. Displacement-time graph (x-t), Velocity-time graph (v-t) & ,
Acceleration-time graph (a-t)