Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics (NOC16 - ME05)

Assignment - 9 : Solutions
Manjul Sharma & Aswathy Nair K.
Department of Aerospace Engineering
IIT Madras
April 8, 2016

(Note : The solutions discussed below are just one of the ways of solving the problem. Your method is right
as long as the final answers match!!)

1) A normal shock moves with velocity 750 m/s into stagnant air at 150 kPa and 200 K. Find the static
temperature after the shock has passed and the velocity imparted to the fluid by the shock

Answer : (q) Ty = 456.8 K; v = 536.22 m/s

Given : vs = 750 m/s; P01 = 150 kPa; T01 = 200 K
To find : v

Stationary coordinates Moving coordinates

vs 750
Mx = = √
ax 1.4 × 287 × 200
∴ Mx = 2.646

From Normal Shocks tables, for Mx = 2.646,

Ty
My = 0.499 & = 2.284
Tx
⇒ Ty = 456.8 K
vs − v
My =
ay
⇒ v = v s − a y My

∴ v = 536.22 m/s

∴ Ty = 456.8 K & v = 536.22 m/s

1
2) Air approaches a symmetrical wedge of wedge-angle 30° at Mach number of 2. For the strong shock,
determine the downstream Mach number and static temperature if the stagnation temperature upstream of
the shock was found to be 450 K.

Answer : (t) M = 0.643; T2 = 415.6 K

Given : θ = 15° ; M1 = 2.0; T01 = 450 K

To find : M2 & T2 for the strong shock

From θ − β − M chart, for M1 = 2.0 & θ = 15° ,

β = 80° , for the strong shock

Mn1 = M1 sin β = 1.97

From Normal Shocks tables, for Mn1 = 1.97,

T2
Mn2 = 0.5825 & = 1.6635
T1

Mn2
∴ M2 = ≈ 0.643
sin(β − θ)

From Isentropic tables, for M1 = 2.0,

T1
= 0.555
T01
⇒ T1 = 249.75 K

⇒ T2 = 1.6635 × T1 ≈ 415.6 K

3) A jet of air at a Mach number of 2.1 is deflected inwards at the corner of a wall. The wave angle at the
corner is 60°. Determine the deflection angle of the wall and the static pressure downstream of the shock if
the stagnation pressure upstream of the shock was found to be 200 kPa.

Answer : (n) θ = 24°; P2 = 81.04 kPa

Given : M1 = 2.1; β = 60°; P01 = 200 kPa

To find : θ, P2

From θ − β − M chart, for M1 = 2.1 & β = 60° ,

θ = 24°

Mn1 = M1 sin β = 1.82

From Normal Shocks tables, for Mn1 = 1.82,

P02
Mn2 = 0.612 & = 0.804
P01
∴ P02 = 0.804 × P01 = 160.8 kP a

And,
Mn2
M2 = ≈ 1.04
sin(β − θ)

2
 From Isentropic tables, for M2 = 1.04,
P2
= 0.504
P02
⇒ P2 = 81.04 kP a

4) A supersonic flow of air with M = 3 is tested on an experiment test bed with a symmetric wedge. The
wedge -angle can be varied steadily. After one particular angle, it was found that the shock waves formed are
no longer attached to the wedge. Determine this limiting wedge angle and the density ratio (ρ2 /ρ1 ) across
the shock.
ρ2
Answer : (k) θmax = 68°, = 3.59
ρ1
Given : M1 = 3
To find : 2θmax , P2

From θ − β − M chart, for M1 = 3,

θmax = 34° & corrresponding β = 65.5°

∴ Wedge angle = 2 × θmax = 68°

Mn1 = M1 sin β = 2.73

From Normal Shocks tables, for Mn1 = 2.73,

P2 T2
Mn2 = 0.4935 ; = 8.5285 ; = 2.375
P1 T1

From Rankine-Hugoniot equation,

 
γ+1 P2
ρ2 γ−1 P1 + 1
=  
ρ1 γ+1
+ P2
γ−1 P1

ρ2
⇒ = 3.59
ρ1
Alternatively, using the Equation of State,
ρ2 P2 T1
= ×
ρ1 P1 T2
ρ2
⇒ = 3.59
ρ1

5) During an experiment a weak oblique shock with shock angle 44° occurs and flow is observed to be de-
flected by 14° anti-clockwise. Further, the temperature downstream of the shock wave was found to be 300
K. Determine the Mach number and the stagnation temperature after the shock.

Answer : (f ) M2 = 1.496; T02 = 432 K

Given : β = 44°; θ = 14°; T2 = 300 K

To find : M2 ; T02

From θ − β − M chart, for θ = 14° & β = 44° ,

3
 M = 2.0

Mn1 = M1 sin β = 1.389

From Normal Shocks tables, for Mn1 = 1.389,

Mn2 = 0.744
Mn2
⇒ M2 = ≈ 1.49
sin(β − θ)

From Isentropic tables, for M2 = 1.49,

T2
= 0.693
T02

⇒ T02 ≈ 432 K

6) A flow encounters an oblique shock wave with the shock angle as 30°. If the upstream conditions of the
shock are M1 = 3, P1 = 2 bar and T1 = 300 K, find the component of the velocity after the shock which is
parallel to the shock.

Answer : (w) v2t = 902 m/s

Given : β = 30°; M1 = 3; P1 = 2 bar; T1 = 300 K

To find : v2t

v1 v1
M1 = = √
a1 γRT1

⇒ v1 = 1041.566 m/s

We know, for an Oblique shock, v1t = v2t .

v1t = v1 cos β ≈ 902 m/s

⇒ v2t = v1t = 902 m/s

7) Maximum possible deflection that can be achieved through an attached oblique shock wave for M = 5
flow is,

Answer : (b) θmax = 41°

Given : M1 = 5.0
To find : θmax

From θ − β − M chart, for M1 = 5.0,

θmax = 41°

4
8) A flow at Mach number 4 encounters a compression corner with deflection angle of 20°. The conditions
downstream of the shock are such that a strong oblique shock wave occurs. Find the shock angle and the
downstream Mach number.

Answer : (z) β = 84° & M2 = 0.486

Given : M1 = 4; θ = 20°
To find : β, M2

From θ − β − M chart, for M1 = 4.0 & θ = 20° ,

β = 84°

Mn1 = M1 sin β ≈ 3.98

From Normal Shocks tables, for Mn1 = 3.98,

Mn2 = 0.4365

Mn2
⇒ M2 = ≈ 0.486
sin(β − θ)

——————————————