ORUAs GROUP Final Thesis Paper

THE EFFECT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL
INCLINATION AMONG MILLENIALS: A BASIS FOR BUSINESS VENTURE

COMPETENCY PROGRAM
An Undergraduate
Thesis Presented to
the Faculty of Business Science
Cluster Rogationist
College
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Accountancy
Cabello, Pamela C.
Lamagan, Kyla T.
Lupeña, Wiljoyce R.
Orua, Arlene A.
December 2021
i
Abstract
Several studies reported that entrepreneurship is one of the best weapons
to boost the economy as it opens new opportunities, however, not all are willing to
take the risks corresponding herein because of different factors. Here, the
researchers focused on determining the socioeconomic factors affecting the
entrepreneurial inclination of the respondents which are the millennials and which
of these factors could be applied as a basis for business venture competency
program.
The adapted research instrument was distributed and collected from one
hundred respondents. And with the use of Fisher’s exact Test type of Chi- Square
Test the row data was treated. Moreover, the study revealed that two of the six
socioeconomic factors namely business advantages and disadvantages, and
business support from government do not affect the entrepreneurial inclination of
the respondents. Likewise, four out of six socioeconomic factors namely, (1)
access to financial resources, (2) personality traits, (3) social environment, and (4)
quality of business environment has significant positive impact on the
entrepreneurial inclination of the respondents.
Furthermore, the aforementioned factors that place positive effect on the
entrepreneurial inclination of the respondents was used as a foundation for the
creation of pamphlet which serves as a basis for business venture competency
program.
ii
Approval Sheet
iii
Acknowledgement
The researchers would like to express their deepest and special thanks to
God for the blessings He has given them in the process of finishing the research.
The same is addressed to the patron Saints, St. Hannibal Maria Di Francia and St.
Anthony of Padua who grant constant inspiration in the researchers’ lives to work
as laborers for the Lord’s harvest.
The researchers would like to express their never-ending gratitude to their
families, the Cabello Family, Lamagan Family, Lupeña Family and Orua Family for
giving their unceasing encouragement and support all throughout the process.
The researchers would also like to extend their deepest gratitude to their
thesis adviser, Mr. Angelo P. Nueva, MBA, thesis professor, Mr. Crisanto B.
Pachejo, MBA, and the other members of the panel, Mr. Lexus P. Montenegro,
MS, and Mr. Jhodelix M. Sarcilla, ECE, Phd., for their patience, motivation,
immense knowledge and guidance from the beginning to the end of the
researchers’ thesis journey.
To their respondents, the millennials currently residing in Tagaytay City and
to their statistician for their enthusiasm in helping the researchers and providing
related research materials in connection to their study.
Last but not the least, to the friends and colleagues of the researcher for
their passion, support and company. Without them all, the completion of this study
will not have been possible. To God be Greatest Glory!
The Researchers
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page i
Abstract ii
Approval Sheet iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vi
List of Figures ix
Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Significance of the Study 4
Scope and Limitations 5
Conceptual Framework 6
Definition of Terms 7
Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Synthesis 16
Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design 18
Respondents of the Study 18
Research Locale 19
Research Instrument 20
v
Research Procedures 21
Statistical Treatment of Data 21
Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 26
Chapter 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary 45
Conclusions 46
Recommendations 48
REFERENCES 50
APPENDICES
A Letter of Permission to Conduct the Study 53
B English Editing Certification Form 54
C Certification of Originality 55
D Research Instrument 56
E Raw Score 61
F Researcher’s Profile 86
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Particulars Page
1 Age of the Respondents 26
2 Gender 27
3 Educational Attainment 27
4 Mother’s Educational Attainment 28
5 Mother’s Profession 29
6 Father’s Educational Attainment 30
7 Father’s Profession 31
8 Monthly Income 31
9 Median-Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median-

Social Environment Cross tabulation 32

Social Environment Chi-square Tests 33

Business Support from Government Cross tabulation 34

Business Support from Government Chi-square Test 35

Quality of Business Environment Cross tabulation 36

Quality of Business Environment Chi-square Tests 37

Access to Financial Resources Cross tabulation 38

Access to Financial Resources Chi-square Tests 39

Personality Traits Cross tabulation 40
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Personality Traits Chi-square Tests 41

Business Advantage and Disadvantages Cross tabulation 42

Business Advantage and Disadvantages Chi-square Tests 43
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Particulars Page
1 Research Paradigm 6
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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter covers the background of the study, statement of the problem,
hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitations, conceptual framework
of the study and definition of terms.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Philippines is a developing country with a history of being a Third World
country (or at Least Developed Countries) for which the infant mortality rate is high,
while the GDP per capita is poor, has lowest socioeconomic development and
Human Development Index ratings, have weaknesses in nutrition, education, and
literacy, have economic vulnerabilities, and have widespread poverty (UN Human
Development Data, 2021). And as the year 2020 approached, the country
experienced a massive economic contraction of -9.57 percent due to contingent
events which has a great effect on its economic standing.
Moreover, Tagaytay City is an area that consequently experienced and
currently experiencing fortuitous events which resulted to 60% loss of its initial
income from agriculture, hotels, resorts, and even food and beverage catering
services which amounts to hundreds of millions of pesos as estimated (Cinco,
2020). The city’s economy was jeopardized to the point that only eight of the
province’s hotels and resorts are operating, not as a leisure business but as
government tapped quarantine facility for returning migrant workers (Cinco, 2020).
This is also a result of the 50% scale down of workforce in all sectors and industries
1
that was mandated by the National Government, and in effect, the whole operation
of the city was semi-paralyzed and left the other 50% totally paralyzed.
Likewise, to solve these problems, Kumar, K., (2018) mentioned on his
article that entrepreneurship could be the greatest weapon to improve its economy.
Entrepreneurship opens opportunities for new ventures, new business, new
alliances, and provides employment for more people. As some of entrepreneurs
are also once the unemployed, they are even wiling to hire individuals based on
capabilities, not just of qualifications alone.
Consequently, being an entrepreneur can be satisfying, exciting, and
challenging, yet not everyone wishes to pursue this career because of fear of
failure, inadequate resources to start a business, no exposure to entrepreneurship,
don’t want the stress of entrepreneurship, views starting a business as tough, hard
work, not driven to succeed, and needs the security of a steady pay check which
deprives the potential entrepreneurs to take the risks of entering business ventures
(Isidro, I., 2019).
For these reasons, the researchers thought of conducting a study about the
effect of socio-economic factors on the entrepreneurial inclination. The
researchers considered the millennials in Tagaytay City as the respondents as
they represent the thirty-five percent population of the city, following the 41% Gen
Zs (PhilAtlas, 2020). Also, researchers suggest that millennials are more inclined
than members of previous generations to become social entrepreneurs (Zhang,
Y., et al., 2021). Their characteristics, eagerness and attitudes to become an agent
2
of change according to Kusumawardhany, P. A., & Dwiarta I.M.B., (2020) makes
them more reasonable and possible to incline in entrepreneurship.
Accordingly, through survey questionnaires, data was collected from 100
respondents who currently resides in Tagaytay City, Cavite. And the data that
were collected served as basis for the development of a pamphlet that is aimed
to help the millennials, entrepreneurs, and aspiring entrepreneurs to assess their
potentials, and competency, to expand their knowledge, boost their interest, and
be encouraged to incline themselves in entrepreneurship
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This research paper determined the impact of socio-economic factors on
the entrepreneurial inclination of Millennials in Tagaytay City, Cavite.
Specifically, it sought answers to the following:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. Age,
b. Gender,
c. Educational Attainment,
d. Mother’s Educational Attainment,
e. Mother’s Profession,
f. Father’s Educational Attainment,
g. Father’s Profession,
h. Monthly Income
2. How does the following socio-economic factors affect the entrepreneurship
propensity of Millennial?
3
a. Social environment,
b. Business support from government,
c. Quality of business environment,
d. Access to the financial resources,
e. Personality traits,
f. Business advantages and disadvantages,
3. Based on the findings of this study, what factors may be applied as a
basis for a business venture competency program?
HYPOTHESES
Based on the specific problems stated, the following null hypotheses was tested
at 0.05 level of significance:
H0: There is no significant influence placed by socio-economic factors on the
entrepreneurial inclination of Millennial in Tagaytay City, Cavite.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is intended to be beneficial to the following:
Millennials
The outcome of this study will help them become knowledgeable about
the importance of socio-economic factors in making business decisions, and
what socio-economic factors could help them most in gaining and improving their
basic knowledge about entrepreneurship.
4
Existing Entrepreneurs
The result of this study will help them to be more informed of the significant
effect and influence of socio-economic factors in sustaining their own business and
their competence as an entrepreneur to be more competitive in the market.
Aspiring Entrepreneurs
The outcome of this study could be beneficial to them in such a way that
the socioeconomic factors presented by this study could help them assess their
potentials and competency and boost their interest towards entrepreneurship.
Government
The socioeconomic factors that affect an individual’s entrepreneurial
inclination could help the Government on aiming for economic growth by
perpetration of business-related programs which intends to encourage people to
also incline themselves on entrepreneurship.
Future Researchers
This study will provide useful information which can be used by
researchers who will conduct similar or related studies in the future.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The researchers intended to determine the demographic profile of the
respondents in terms of age, gender, educational attainment, mother’s
educational attainment, mother’s profession, father’s educational attainment,
father’s profession, and monthly income. The study also aimed to identify which
socio-economic factors affects the respondents’ entrepreneurial inclination and
5
what are the factors’ corresponding effect on entrepreneurial inclination of the
millennials.
Moreover, upon obtaining and analyzing the needed information, the
researchers are expected to create a pamphlet as an output of this study. The
output is purposely created for business venture competency program to raise
awareness and boost interest for entrepreneurship. Also, the respondents of this
study were the millennials who resides in Tagaytay City, Cavite and are currently
involved in or planning to start their own business.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
Figure 1 shows the research paradigm of the study.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of:
 age
 gender
 educatioal Created
attainment
 mother’s educational pamphlet that
attainment would serve as
 mother’s profession Collection of
guidance
 father’s educational data or
attainment program for

information
father’s profession millennials which
 Monthly Income obtained from
could help them
Socio economic factors that questionnaires,
influence millennial boost their
entrepreneurial propensity: sorting, analysis,

entrepreneurial
Social Environment and
 Business support from interest and
interpretation of
government awareness, and
 Quality of business data
environment
develop their
 Access to the entrepreneurial
financial resources skills.
 Personality Traits
 Business advantages
and disadvantages
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Figure 1. Research Paradigm
Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of this study where input, process,
and output were discussed. The input of the research includes the variable of the
study which are the demographic profile, and socioeconomic factors which could
affect the entrepreneurial inclination of the respondents. Demographic profile
includes age, gender, educational attainment, mother’s educational attainment,
mother’s profession, father’s educational attainment, father’s profession, and
monthly income, while the socio-economic factors consist of social environment,
business support from government, quality of business environment, access to the
financial resources, personality traits, and business advantages and
disadvantages.
The process includes the collection of data or information obtained from
questionnaires, sorting, analysis, and interpretation of data. The output was
created based on the findings from conducting this research which is a guidance
program that is intended to expand the respondents’ knowledge on
entrepreneurship, to raise and boost entrepreneurial interest and encourage
entrepreneurial inclination among millennials.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
For a better understanding of the important terms used in the study, the
following terms are defined:
Access to the financial resources refers to a socioeconomic factor that entails
an aspiring entrepreneur/ entrepreneur’s capacity to qualify for bank loans with
favorable interest rates, and suitable credit conditions.
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Aspiring Entrepreneur refers to an individual who desires to enter a business
venture and become an entrepreneur.
Business advantages and disadvantages refers to a socioeconomic factor that
involves benefits and drawbacks that could either drive or hinder an individual to
incline himself in entrepreneurship.
Businessperson is a synonymous term for entrepreneur.
Business Support from the Government refers to a socioeconomic factor that
involves the existence of financial program, rules and regulations, and laws or
policies set by the Government to support and protect the entrepreneurs and local
businesses.
Economic Growth is one of the main goals for the introduction of
entrepreneurship or conducting of a business.
Entrepreneurship is the activity of conducting a business.
Entrepreneur is an individual who develops an enterprise around an innovation.
Entrepreneurial Inclination is the willingness of the respondent to engage in the
entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurial propensity is synonymous to entrepreneurial inclination that
involves an individuals’ likelihood of choosing entrepreneurship in some given
circumstances.
Millennial refers to a group of people distinct by generation who was born between
the early 1980s and the early 2000s and will serve as the respondents of this study.
Monthly Income are the proceeds gained by an individual from employment or
rendering skills and making a business.
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Pamphlet is the expected output from this study which is intended to raise and
boost the entrepreneurial awareness, interest, and inclination of the respondents.
Personality traits is a socioeconomic factor that focuses on an entrepreneur’s
must-have characteristics and abilities in starting a business.
Quality of business environment is a socioeconomic factor that refers to the
status of market environment which influences the decision if putting up a business
would be appropriate or not.
Social environment is a socioeconomic factor which relates to the situation if how
a businessperson, or an entrepreneur is socially valued in the community.
Socioeconomic refers to the combined definition or interaction of social and
economic factors which relates to the independent variable of this study.
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the related literature and studies, both local and
foreign, and explains their relevance to this study. The discernment presented from
the previous works gave the researchers a deeper understanding of the trends and
topics related to the study.
Entrepreneurship is vital on improving the standard of living, create wealth,
and boost economic growth that aids economic issues and crisis. The opportunities
offered by this industry are promising, but risks are also associated with it that is
why, not all dares to give it a try. Kumar (2018) explained that entrepreneurship is
one of the solutions when battling unemployment. It opens doors to new ventures,
new business, and new alliances. But even though businesses bring positive
impact in the economy many individuals still do not want to enter business and
incline themselves in entrepreneurship because there is no guarantee that the
business will succeed. In addition, the economy, uncertainty, indecisiveness, debt,
family obligations and having no benefit are the most prevailing reason why people
are afraid to start businesses.
Furthermore, other study also investigated what drives people to become
entrepreneurs and launch new companies. Promoting entrepreneurship will not
only help to reduce unemployment, but it will also teach people to control their own
destiny by starting their own businesses and not to wait for a job. This is true since
new company start-ups are not unintentional; rather, these so-called
“entrepreneurial acts” are very deliberate. As a result, starting new business
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ventures are widely described as a deliberate and intentional career choice
according to the study conducted by Kabir, et. al. (2017) which aims to determine
the factors influencing Bangladeshi graduates’ intention toward becoming
entrepreneurs.
Moreover, the study of Baliyan, S.P., and Baliyan, P.S., (2018) analyzed the
socioeconomic factors determining attitude towards entrepreneurship among
graduates in Botswana. The findings of the study revealed that eight socio-
economic factors namely, gender, program of study, year of study, mothers’
education level, mothers’ profession, family income level and students career
ambition after completion of degree program and parents career ambition after
completion of degree program have significant influence on the students’ attitude
towards entrepreneurship.
The result of the study further concluded that socioeconomic factors are
predictors of student’s attitude towards entrepreneurship. This was analyzed using
multiple regression analysis. It is also found that the most influential among the
socio-economic factors presented is the mothers’ education level that is
considered as a significant predictor for the students’ attitude towards
entrepreneurship; followed by students’ career ambition after completion of the
program, the year of study and the program of study. This result was based on the
questionnaire used for data collection through a survey of 149 (n=149) randomly
selected graduates in Botswana as samples of the study. Data was analyzed
through descriptive and inferential statistical tools of mean, frequency,
independent t-test, one way analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis.
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Using a descriptive statistic, the study concluded that the students would like to
pursue their future career as entrepreneurs but opposite to the students’ career
ambition, the parents want their children to become future professionals.
This is also supported by the study of Belas, J., et al. published year 2017
which was intended to determine and quantify the association of social and
economic factors of students’ inclination towards entrepreneurship. The research
found out that students considers the presence of an entrepreneur in the family,
preparation of high-quality conditions for establishment of business, improvement
of business environment in a country in the last five years, appropriateness of the
credit conditions of commercial banks in a country, high quality educational
structure of the alma mater university, possession of abilities to do business,
presence of an irregular income as the most important disadvantage of doing
business, and, interest in business in general as the factors that could possibly
affect their entrepreneurial inclination. The aforementioned factors are concluded
as such since it has the most positive answers from the responses.
This is further elaborated in the study of Sahban, M., et al. (2016), which
intended to investigate the influence of social support on student’s inclination
toward entrepreneurship. SPSS version 22 was used for quantitative analysis. This
study provided 1,230 self-administered questionnaires to business students in
Indonesian public and private universities. This data collection technique provided
381 valid responses, which were employed in the statistical analysis to determine
the link between SS and El, as well as the difference in entrepreneurial intent
between male and female student’s entrepreneurship. This study reveals that,
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there is a positive relationship between social support system and student’s
inclination toward entrepreneurship. This study reveals that, there is a positive
relationship between social support system and student’s inclination toward
entrepreneurship.
Accordingly, Tan, P., (2018) determined the relationship between the
perception access to finance and social entrepreneurship intentions among
Vietnamese University students. The purpose of the study is to create an
integrated model based on planned behavior to investigate the direct and indirect
effects of perceived access to money on social entrepreneurial intent. Confirm
factor analysis was used to look into the latent factors that underpin the
determinants of planned behavioral theory, perceived availability to finance, and
social entrepreneurial intent. The techniques of structural equation modeling are
then used to investigate correlations between latent constructs. The result of the
study shows that there is no relationship between perceived availability to capital
and the desire to start a social enterprise. Entrepreneurial intention is only
indirectly increased by perceived availability to capital due to attitudes about
conduct and observed behavioral patterns.
Likewise, according to the study of Karabulut, A. T., (2016) internal locus of
control, need for achievement, risk tolerance, and entrepreneurial alertness are
dimensions of personality traits which lead a person to develop the entrepreneurial
intention. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of the personality traits
on the entrepreneurial intention. The study was conducted on graduate students
in the institute of social sciences of a foundation university which is in İstanbul in
13
Turkey, 480 students is the sample of this study. The Cronbach alpha values of
the independent variables were calculated. The factor analysis was conducted to
find out factor loadings of independent variables. Multiple regression analyses
were conducted to find out the effects of independent variables on the dependent
variable. The result of their study reveals that people who have entrepreneurial
intentions can be more successful when they establish their ventures. They can
be more dedicated to entrepreneurship when they face with problems in the
process of managing their ventures. According to research findings, locus of
control, need for achievement, risk tolerance, and entrepreneurial alertness affect
entrepreneurial intention. It was found that the personality traits had a positive
effect on the entrepreneurial intention.
This is further elaborated in the study administrated by Nemar, S., et. al
(2016) which intended to identify and measure the barriers to entrepreneurship in
Lebanon based on one dependent variable and several independent variables.
Theory suggests that there are four main factors that significantly affect
entrepreneurial inclination. Those factors are social network, lack of funding, risk
and hard work, tolerance and economic and political stability. It was concluded that
social networks, relationships, connections, contacts, economic and political
stability can encourage entrepreneurs to start business in Lebanon. However, it is
also found out that such business launching is hindered by lack of funding where
risk and hard work tolerance can affect entrepreneurship as well.
Similarly, the study conducted by Nguyen, C., (2018) investigates the
impact of prior exposure to self- employment, demographic factors which include
14
gender, age ranges and education level, and family background that includes
parents’ employment status and parents’ immigrant status on the entrepreneurial
intention of Vietnamese business students. The results generated are in clear
contradiction to the state with state of-the art international literature, which
evidences significance in all these impact factors. Furthermore, this study found
out that those male students have higher entrepreneurial intention. Also, students
whose parents are self-employed and/or immigrants from rural areas to urban
cities versus non-immigrant parents, and students that have exposure to self-
employment score higher entrepreneurial intention, but the difference is not
statistically significant whereas, age and education levels shows practically no
impact.
This is supported by the research conducted by Uddin, Muhammed, and
Hammami (2016) in Oman examined the relationship of four critical demographic
factors namely Father’s occupation, Gender, Experience and Level of Education
on the entrepreneurial intention of Omani university students. The data collected
are analyzed and it is found that there is a high level of intentions among students
to start entrepreneurial ventures. Moreover, demographic factors are found to be
influencing the entrepreneurial intention. Among the demographic factors,
experience is found to have the maximum influence on the entrepreneurial interest.
On the other hand, on the same study, it has been determined that the
following factors place no effect or relation with the students’ entrepreneurial
inclination base on the dissension of the respondents: high-quality of the state of
legal conditions for doing business, convenience and the appropriateness of
15
business environment to establish business, risk-resistance of business
environment enabling to start business, high-quality state of university education,
possibility of career growth and interesting job opportunities due to doing business,
lack of time of the businessperson for the family, and finally, creation of a new
business in case nothing expected happens.
SYNTHESIS
The studies and literatures included here approximately discusses and
highlights the demographic profile of the respondents such as age, gender,
education, family background and entrepreneurial difficulties, and socioeconomic
factors that are mostly experienced by the respondents. The other reviewed
studies and literatures tackled the advantages and disadvantages of pursuing
entrepreneurship that drives and hinders the decision of potential entrepreneurs
and existing entrepreneurs to endeavor or not with their business venture. This
study is similar to the reviewed studies and literatures as it examines the impact of
social and economic factors to the entrepreneurial intention of millennial. It also
investigated the influence of socioeconomic factors on the entrepreneurial
inclination of the respondents.
However, the present study is different in terms of research locale,
respondents, and purpose. Also, the researchers did not attempt to determine the
possible impact of demographic profile as socioeconomic factors on the
entrepreneurial inclination. Pushing through on finding the association between
demographic profile and respondents’ entrepreneurial inclination would only result
to unreliable findings given the small number of respondents and the number of
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categories in each demographic profile. Given the circumstances, the responses
will have wide distribution leading to unreliable results and conclusion.
Moreover, this study was intended to identify the socioeconomic factors that
has significant effect on the entrepreneurial inclination of the millennials and to
determine the corresponding impacts of those socioeconomic factors.
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes the research design, respondents of the study,
research locale, research instrument, data gathering procedure and statistical
treatment to be used in the study.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study utilized the descriptive research design in determining the
effects of socio-economic factors on the entrepreneurial inclination of Millennial
in Tagaytay City. As defined by Wong (2020), a descriptive research design is a
study which researcher design for accurately depicting the participants.
Descriptive research design is considered suitable when the paper intends to find
characteristics, trends, categories, frequencies, and correlations between two or
more variables. It is also very much crucial to first understand how, when, and
where specific phenomenon takes place.
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
The subjects of this study were the Millennials which represents the thirty-
five percent population of Tagaytay City following the 41% Gen Zs (PhilAtlas,
2020) making it more reasonable to consider Millennials as the respondents of this
study. Likewise, according to Pana (2015), millennials are those who was born
between year 1980 to 2000, who are now in between 21 and 41 years old. Also,
researchers suggest that millennials are more inclined than members of previous
generations to become social entrepreneurs (Zhang, Y., et al., 2021).
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Kusumawardhany, P. A., & Dwiarta I.M.B., (2020) explained that millennials
tend to have a personal attitude to become entrepreneurs with high motivation
such as being able to channel creative ideas by working, being independent, and
being able to contribute to society. Millennials are inspired to be an innovative
individual, an agent of change in the community because they can choose to
create products that are needed and beneficial to the community and the
environment, recruit the surrounding community to become workers, and provide
income to the community and can also create more sources of income.
For this purpose, through survey questionnaires, data was collected from
100 respondents who currently resides in Tagaytay City, Cavite.
RESEARCH LOCALE
The researchers considered Tagaytay City, Cavite as the appropriate
locale because of drastic consecutive recent and current fortuitous events (Taal
Volcano Eruption and Pandemic) experienced by the city (Domingo & Cellona,
2020). These caused the 60% loss of the city’s initial income from agriculture,
hotels, resorts, and even food and beverage catering services which amounts to
hundreds of millions of pesos as estimated. Other than its economic impact in the
city, these recent and present events also placed significant impact on the lives
and livelihoods of Tagaytayeños. The whole city was jeopardized wherein only
eight of the city’s hotels and resorts has operated, nonetheless not as a leisure
business, but as government-tapped quarantine facility for returning migrant
workers (Cinco, 2020).
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INSTRUMENTATION
In order to determine the effectiveness of socio-economic factors to the
entrepreneurial inclination of millennials in Tagaytay City, the researchers
considered the study of Baliyan, S.P. & Baliyan, P.S., entitled, “Socio-Economic
Factors as Predictors of Undergraduate Students’ Attitude Towards
Entrepreneurship in Botswana,” as a basis for the collection of respondent's
demographic profile. This served as the first part of the survey questionnaire
composed of general demographic information and perceptions regarding the
factors affecting the participants which includes the age, gender, educational
attainment, parents’ level of education and profession, and monthly income.
Moreover, to determine the effect of socio-economic factors to millennials
entrepreneurial inclination, the researcher also took into consideration the study
of J. Belas, B. Gavurova, J. Schonfeld, K. Zvarikova, & T. Kacerauskas, entitled
“Social and Economic Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Intention of University
Students,” as a basis for obtaining the appropriate socio-economic factors for this
study. This fulfilled the second part of the survey questionnaire which composed
of seven categories, which are the social environment, business support from the
government, quality of business environment, access to the financial resources,
personality traits, and business advantages and disadvantages.
Finally, responses were captured using a Four Point Likert scale ranging
from strongly agree (4) to strongly disagree (1).
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PROCEDURES
After conducting a pilot testing, the questionnaires made through Google
forms were directly distributed with the respondents' consent to their Facebook
messenger account for an easier and convenient access and communication.
Other than that, the researchers also conducted phone call interview for some of
the respondents who were unable to access the google forms due to their
unavailability and hectic schedule. Google forms link was sent to more than one-
hundred respondents as the researchers anticipated the possibility that not all
respondents would be able to submit responses. As soon as the 100 responses
was completed, the researchers closed the access for the Google form link.
The results were then collected automatically upon completion and
submission of responses by the respondents. The sorting and compilation of the
data gathered was tested with the appropriate statistical treatments in order to
fulfil the research problems.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
The following statistical tools was used in this study for the analysis of the
data and interpretation of the results:
1. Preliminary data analysis involved the use of frequency and percentage
distributions to provide the demographic composition (age, gender,
educational attainment, mother’s educational attainment and profession,
father’s educational attainment and profession, and monthly income). This
assessed the reliability and appropriateness of the respondents’
demographics given by the formula:
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%=f/N*100%
Where:
%= Percentage f= frequency
N= number of classes
2. Cross-Tabulation were used along with the Chi-square formula to
determine the effect of socio-economic factors (social environment,
business support from government, quality of business environment,
access to the financial resources, personality traits, and business
advantages and disadvantages) on the entrepreneurial inclination of the
millennials in Tagaytay City, Cavite.
The Chi-Square statistic was used to test the reliability of the results
derived from the usage of crosstabulation as this is commonly used for
testing not readily evident relationships between categorical variables. The
null hypothesis of the Chi-Square test indicates that there is no significant
relationship between dependent and independent variables in the population.
The following formulas was utilized for the computation of chi-square
after collecting the data from the cross tabulation:
a. Set up hypotheses and determined the level of significance.
H0: There is no significant impact placed by socio-economic factors on the
entrepreneurial inclination of Millennials in Tagaytay City, Cavite.
H1: H0 is false. α=0.05
a. The degrees of freedom for the chi-square were calculated using
the following formula:
22
df = (r-1)
(c-1) Where:
r = is the number of rows
c = is the number of columns.
If the observed chi-square test statistic is greater than the critical
value, the null hypothesis will be rejected. Calculate the expected
frequencies, using the formula:
𝐟column𝐟row
𝐟e
𝐧
Where:
fe = Expected Frequency
frow = Row Total
fcolumn= Column Total
b. The calculation of the Chi-Square statistic was the following:
2
(fo − fe)2
x =∑
fe
Where:
fo= the observed frequency (the observed counts in the cells)
fe = the expected frequency if NO relationship existed between
the variables
c. Lastly, the final result was compared using the p-value to the alpha-
level which is 0.05.
23
 If the p-value is less than or equal to the alpha-value, then the two
variables are associated.
 If the p-value is greater than the alpha value, it is concluded that the
variables are independent.
On the other hand, upon utilizing the Cross Tabulation and Chi Square
statistics, the outcome confused the researchers as the results did not match
the data gathered. As soon as the problem was encountered, the researchers
sought help from a statistician and found out the reasons why statistical
problems occurred. First, the number of respondents is too small to be treated
by the Cross Tabulation and Chi Square Statistics which according to the
statistician would really result to unreliable findings. Secondly, the researchers
made a mistake on using Cross Tabulation and Chi Square Statistic as they
cross-referenced independent variables together instead of cross-referencing
independent variables with the dependent variables.
3. To solve the setbacks and further analyze the result in cross-tabulation,
Fisher's Exact test was used to obtain the probability of the combination of
the frequencies that are actually obtained. The usage of Fisher’s Exact Test
is basically intended for testing the association of smaller sample size in a
contingency table.
(𝑎 + 𝑏)! (𝑐 + 𝑑)! (𝑎 + 𝑐)! (𝑏 + 𝑑)!

𝑝=
𝑎! 𝑏! 𝑐! 𝑑! 𝑛!
P = P-value
a, b, c, d = Values in a contingency table
n = total frequency
24
The Fisher’s Exact Test results and its corresponding p-value was
compared to the alpha value of 0.05.
 If the Fisher’s Exact Test result and its corresponding p-value is less
than or equal to the alpha-value, reject the null.
 If the Fisher’s Exact Test results and its corresponding p-value is
greater than the alpha value, then it is therefore concluded that we fail
to reject the null and that the variables are independent.
25
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter presents the findings, interpretation and analysis of the data
gathered in response to the specific problems posed in this research.
1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Data required information about respondents’ demographic profile. These are
shown in the following tables.
1.1 Age. Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of the respondents in
terms of age.
Table1. Age of the Respondents
Age Frequency Percent

Valid 21-23 21 21%
24-26 17 17%
27-29 15 15%
30-32 13 13%
33-35 13 13%
36-38 14 14%
39-41 7 7%
Total 100 100%
The frequency distribution shows that 53 out of 100 respondents are from
ages 21- 29, while the rest are from ages 30 – 41. Likewise, on the study of
Nguyen, C., (2018), most of the respondents are from age ranges of 18-27 given
that the respondents of their study are University students.
1.2 Gender. Table 2 shows the frequency distribution of the respondents
in terms of gender.
26
Table 2 Gender of the Respondents
Gender Frequency Percent
Valid Female 44 44%

Male 56 56%
Total 100 100%
The frequency distribution shows that majority of the respondents (56 out
of 100) are males which is equivalent to 56%, while the remaining portion of 44%
percent were represented by female. Moreover, in the studies conducted by
Uddin, Muhammed and Hammami (2016), Baliyan, S.P., and Baliyan, P.S., (2018),
and Nguyen, C., (2018) males also have the highest frequency.
1.3. Educational Attainment. Table 3 shows the frequency distribution of
the respondents in terms of educational attainment.
Table 3. Educational Attainment of the Respondents
Educational Attainment Frequency Percent
Valid No schooling completed 1 1%

Nursery school to 6th grade 5 5%
Some High School, no diploma 6 6%
High School Graduate, diploma 26 26%
Some College credit, no degree 24 24%
Trade/ Technical/ Vocational 11 11%
Training
Bachelor’s Degree 24 24%
Master’s Degree 1 1%
Nonresponse 2 2%
Total 100 100%
In terms of Educational Attainment, there are variety of responses showing
that most of the respondents were able to have some education higher than 6th
grade, 26 were High School graduates, 48 had College/Undergraduate
27
experiences where half are graduates and the other half did not complete their
degree. There are also 11 respondents who had Trade/Technical/Vocational
training as Educational Attainment.
The highest percentage of educational attainment received by the
respondent were high school graduate, diploma while the lowest percentage are
no schooling completed and master’s degree, while doctorate’s degree had no
responses which indicates that most of respondents had achieved good
educational background. This is similar with the study of Baliyan, S.P., and Baliyan,
P.S., where respondents tend to pursue adequate educational level, such as
receiving a higher degree of education and attaining a diploma.
1.4. Mother’s Educational Attainment. Table 4 shows the percentage
distribution of the respondents in terms of educational attainment of the mothers
of the respondents.
Table 4 Educational Attainment of the Mothers of the Respondents
Mother's Educational Attainment Frequency Percent

Trade/ Technical/Vocational Training 8 8%
Doctorate Degree 0 0%
Nonresponse 2 2%
Total 100 100%
Table 1.4 shows the distribution of respondents in terms of educational
attainment of the mothers of the respondents. Of the 100 respondents about 26%
28
of them have a high school diploma. The majority of mothers of respondents with
a high school diploma had the highest rate and frequency, according to the data.
While 3 percent of them have a master’s degree, which is the lowest percentage
and frequency.
However, this finding is different from the study conducted by Baliyan, S.P.,
and Baliyan, P.S., (2018). The study found out that mothers with primary level of
education had the highest percentage of educational attainment received by the
respondents. While the lowest percentage are university level of education.
1.5. Mother’s Profession. Table 5 shows the percentage distribution of
the respondents in terms of the profession of the mothers of the respondents.
Table 5 Profession of the Mothers of the Respondents
Mother’s Profession Frequency Percent

Valid Entrepreneur 34 34%
Professional 15 15%
Other 51 51%
Total 100 100%
As for the mothers’ profession, other professions had the highest
frequency and percentage wherein more than half (51 percent) have undisclosed
or unspecified their mother’s professions, while 15% are professionals and 34%
are entrepreneurs. On the other hand, the study of Baliyan, S.P., and Baliyan, P.S.,
(2018) place dissimilarity wherein 48.3% of the mothers of the respondents are
professionals.
29
1.6 Father’s Educational Attainment Table 6 shows the percentage
distribution of the respondents in terms of gender.
Table 6. Educational Attainment of the Fathers of the Respondents
Father's Level of Education Frequency Percent

Trade/ Technical/Vocational 4 4%
Training
Doctorate Degree 1 1%
Nonresponse 2 2%
Total 100 100%
The level of education of the Fathers of the respondents also shows
variation, similar to the level of education of the mothers. The highest frequency
was represented by High School Graduates (31%), followed by bachelor’s degree
holders (21%). On the other hand, the lowest frequency was represented by
master’s degree, Doctorate Degree, and those who has no schooling completed,
while 2% was unresponsive or did not disclose the educational attainment of their
fathers.
Given the results, it is shown that the level of education of the Fathers of
the respondents also shows variation, similar to the level of education of the
mothers. Which means that father’s level of education is at some point not too far
away in the level of Mother’s level of education. This means that most of the
respondents’ father had achieved secondary education and had received good
education. This is in similarities with the study of Baliyan, S.P., and Baliyan, P.S.,
30
where the fathers were more competent in terms of the university education than
the mothers; whereas mothers are still behind than the fathers as far as parental
education level is concerned.
1.7 Father’s Profession. Table 7 shows the percentage distribution of the
respondents in terms of gender.7
Table 7 Profession of the fathers of the Respondents
Father’s Profession Frequency Percent

Valid Entrepreneur 35 35%
Entrepreneur, Professional 1 1%
Professional 13 13%
Other 51 51%
Total 100 100%
For the profession of the father of the respondents, we can infer from the
table above that most of the respondents had undisclosed or unspecified their
father’s profession and there are more than number of entrepreneurs than the
professionals. Likewise, one percent of the respondents has responded having a
father who were both entrepreneur and professional.
The result of this study is in contrast with the study of Baliyan, S.P., and
Baliyan, P.S. where it shows that most of the profession of the respondents’ father
are professionals.
1.8 Monthly Income. Table 8 shows the percentage distribution of the
respondents in terms of monthly income of the family of the respondents
Table 8 Monthly Income of the Family of the Respondents
Monthly Income Frequency Percent

Valid Less than 4000 6 6%
4000-8,000 9 9%
8,000-12,000 4 4%
More than 12,000 81 81%
31
Total 100 100%
As for the Monthly Income of the families of the respondents, most of their
families are earning more than Php 12,000. On the other hand, the lowest number
of the responses was represented by 8000-12,000 monthly income which is
equivalent to (4%).
The result of the study is in contrast with the study of Baliyan, S.P., and
Baliyan, P.S. where it shows that most of their respondents has monthly income
of 8,000-12,000 and the lowest has 4,000-8,000.
Effects of Socioeconomic Factors to the Entrepreneurial Inclination of
Millennial
Table 9 Median- Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median- Social Environment
Crosstabulation
Crosstab
Count Median - Entrepreneurial propensity Total
Disagree Agree Strongly
Agree
Median-Social Disagree 1 0 0 1
environment Agree 1 3 4 8
Strongly 2 15 74 91
Agree
Total 4 18 78 100
The crosstabulation above shows the median responses across social
environment and Entrepreneurial Propensity. The distribution of the responses is
highly concentrated to Agree to Strongly Agree.
32
Table 10 Median- Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median- Social
Environment Chi-Square Tests
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Exact Exact Point
Sig. (2- Sig. (2- Sig. (1- Probabili
sided) sided) sided) ty
Pearson 28.923 4 .000 .003
Chi-Square a
Likelihood 10.694 4 .030 .015

Ratio
Fisher's 13.265 .006
Exact Test
Linear-by- 13.533 1 .000 .002 .002 .002
Linear b
Association
N of Valid 100
Cases
a. 6 cells (66.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected
count is .04.
b. The standardized statistic is 3.679.
To further supplement the results shown by the crosstabulation, the Fisher’s
Exact Tests and its corresponding p-value was compared to the alpha value for
which Fisher’s Exact Test statistic (13.265) and its corresponding p-value (0.006)
is less than the alpha value (0.05). This means that there is sufficient evidence to
reject the null hypothesis, leading us to the conclusion that there is a Statistically
Significant Association between the Social environment and the Entrepreneurial
propensity of the millennials. The concentration of the responses skewed to the
left further strengthened the conclusion that social environment affects the
Entrepreneurial Propensity in a positive manner. The researchers further
concluded that an aspiring and existing entrepreneur were highly encouraged to
pursue a business venture given the positive social environment/ social support/s.
33
Likewise, according to the study of Belas, J., et al. (2017), with the consent
of the respondents, it is found out that the presence of an entrepreneur in the family
is one of the factors that has the most positive answers which falls under the social
environment factor. Also, on the study of Nemar, S., et. al (2016) conducted in
Lebanon, it is concluded that social networks, connections, and contacts which is
related to the social environment, can encourage entrepreneurs to start business.
These studies further supported our conclusion about the aforementioned
association. Similarly, according to Sahban, M., et al. (2016), there is a favorable
association between social support which is under social environment factor and
a student’s desire to be an entrepreneur.
Table 11. Median- Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median- Business Support
from Government Crosstabulation
Crosstab
Disagree Agree Strongly Agree
Median - Disagree 1 0 0 1
Business Agree 0 2 7 9
support from Strongly 3 16 71 90
Government Agree
Total 4 18 78 100
The crosstabulation above shows the median responses across Business
support from Government and Entrepreneurial Propensity. The distribution of the
responses is highly concentrated to Agree to Strongly Agree.
34
Table 12 Median- Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median- Business Support
from Government Chi-Square Tests
Chi-Square Tests
Sig. (2- Sig. (2- Sig. (1- Probabili
sided) sided) sided) ty
Pearson Chi- 24.56 4 .000 .041
Square 1a
Likelihood 7.358 4 .118 .103
Ratio
Fisher's 8.176 .086
Exact Test
Linear-by- 3.039 1 .081 .084 .084 .049
Linear b
Association
N of Valid 100
Cases
count is .04.
Although responses are skewed to the left of the distribution, the Fisher’s
Exact Test statistic (8.176) and its corresponding p-value (0.086) were found to be
greater than the alpha value (0.05). This means that there is no sufficient evidence
to reject the null hypothesis, leading us to the conclusion that there is no
Statistically Significant Association between the Business support from the
Government and the Entrepreneurial propensity of the millennials. It can be further
highlighted that the Entrepreneurial Propensity of millennials is independent from
the Business support from Government, which means this socio-economic factor
does not affect the Entrepreneurial Propensity in a profound manner.
Likewise, this is further supported by the study of Belas, J., et al. (2017)
which concluded that the entrepreneurial propensity of the millennials is
independent from the business support from government. With the given results,
35
the researchers concluded that existing and aspiring entrepreneurs’ desires and
considers to be supported by the government in their business venture, but the
respondents also accept the fact that entering entrepreneurship still lies on the
hands of an entity.
Moreover, according to Hernandez (2009), the role of government is really
vital in the process of entrepreneurship among people in the society to lead in
economic development of the society.
Table 13 presents the median response of the respondent in terms of
Quality of Business Environment.
Table 13 Median- Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median- Quality of
Business Environment Crosstabulation
Crosstab
Agree
Quality of Agree 2 8 17 27
business Strongly 1 9 59 69
environment Agree
Total 4 18 78 100
The crosstabulation above shows the median responses across Quality of
business environment and Entrepreneurial Propensity. The distribution of the
responses is highly concentrated mostly to Agree to Strongly Agree.
36
Table 14 Median- Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median- Quality of
Business Environment Chi-Square Tests
Chi-Square Tests
Sig. (2- Sig. (2- Sig. (1- Probab
sided) sided) sided) ility
Pearson Chi- 11.079a 4 .026 .031
Square
Likelihood 8.716 4 .069 .058
Ratio
Fisher's Exact 10.690 .019
Test
Linear-by- 9.362b 1 .002 .004 .004 .002
Linear
Association
N of Valid 100
Cases
count is .16.
To further supplement the results shown by the cross tabulation, the
Fisher’s Exact Test statistic (10.690) and its corresponding p-value (0.019) was
compared with the alpha value of 0.05, and as a result, Fisher’s Exact Test Statistic
and the p-value is less than the alpha value. This means that there is sufficient
evidence to reject the null hypothesis, leading us to the conclusion that there is a
statistically significant association between the Quality of business environment
and the Entrepreneurial propensity of the millennial.
In addition, this conclusion is further strengthened by the concentration of
the responses skewed to the left which indicates that a positive quality of business
environment poses a positive influence on the Entrepreneurial Propensity of the
respondents as well. This is in similarities with the study of Baliyan, S.P., and
37
Baliyan, P.S., were they stated that students in rural area tend to incline in
entrepreneurship than those student in urban areas. This indicates that the
environment in which the respondents could arbitrarily influence their interest in
entrepreneurship and that the respondent highly values the significance of quality
business environment where the business is located or situated.
It was also agreed by study of Nguyen which revealed that students from
rural areas that decided to go to urban cities show a higher entrepreneurial
intention than students whose originally from urban cities. The result shows that
student from rural areas tends to have entrepreneurial inclination and that is the
reason why they transfer from rural areas to urban cities.
Table 15 Median- Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median- Access to
Financial Resources Crosstabulation
Crosstab
Count Median - Entrepreneurial Total
propensity
Agree
Median - Access Disagree 2 3 2 7
to financial Agree 0 7 9 16
resources Strongly 2 8 67 77
Agree
Total 4 18 78 100
The crosstabulation above shows the median responses across Access to
Financial Resources and Entrepreneurial Propensity. The distribution of the
responses is highly concentrated mostly to Agree to Strongly Agree.
38
Table 16. Median- Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median- Access to
Financial Resources Chi-Square Tests
Chi-Square Tests
Sig. (2- Sig. (2- Sig. (1- Probab
sided) sided) sided) ility
Pearson Chi- 26.324a 4 .000 .001
Square
Likelihood 19.734 4 .001 .000
Ratio
Test
Linear-by- 18.093b 1 .000 .000 .000 .000
Linear
Association
N of Valid 100
Cases
count is .28.
The Fisher’s Exact Test statistic (20.142) and its corresponding p-value
(0.000) is less than the alpha (0.05). This means that there is sufficient evidence
to reject the null hypothesis, leading us to the conclusion that there is a Statistically
Significant Association between Access to financial resources and the
Entrepreneurial propensity of the millennials. Furthermore, the concentration of the
responses skewed to the left further supported that having a good amount of
Access to financial resources can entice the millennials to venture with any
entrepreneurial activity. In other words, socioeconomic factors affect the
entrepreneurial inclination of the respondents in a positive manner.
This is similar to the findings of Belas, J., et al. (2017), who found that the
appropriateness of commercial banks' credit terms in a country is one of the most
39
positive responses with respondents' consent under the Access to Financial
Resources factor. Furthermore, this finding differs from the findings of Nemar, S.,
et. al (2016), it is also found out that such business launching is hindered by lack
of funding where can affect entrepreneurship as well.
However, these findings are different from the study conducted by Tan, P.,
(2018) for which the results generated from their study are in clear contradiction in
which there is no direct relationship between perceived access to finance and
social entrepreneurial intention.
Table 17 presents the median response of the respondent in terms of
Personality Traits.
Table 17 Median- Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median- Personality Traits
Crosstabulation
Crosstab
propensity
Agree
Personality Agree 1 11 16 28
traits Strongly Agree 0 5 52 57
Total 4 18 78 100
The cross tabulation above shows the median responses across
Personality traits and Entrepreneurial Propensity. The distribution of the responses
is highly concentrated mostly to Agree to Strongly Agree.
40
Table 18 Median- Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median- Personality Traits
Chi-Square Tests
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp Exact Exact Point
. Sig. Sig. Sig. (1- Probability
(2- (2- sided)
sided) sided)
Pearson Chi- 24.906 4 .000 .000
Square a
Likelihood Ratio 21.407 4 .000 .000

Test
Linear-by-Linear 12.955 1 .000 .000 .000 .000
Association b
N of Valid 100
Cases
count is .60.
To further supplement the results shown by the cross tabulation, the
Fisher’s Exact Test statistic (19.999) and its corresponding p-value (0.000) was
compared to the alpha (0.05); and it is found out to be less than the alpha value.
This means that there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis, leading
us to the conclusion that there is a statistically significant association between
Personality traits and the Entrepreneurial propensity of the millennials. The
concentration of the responses skewed to the left further strengthened that
personality traits affects the entrepreneurial propensity of the millennials. This
means that the respondents personal characteristics and personality can affect
their interest toward entrepreneurship, it also shows that most of the respondents
41
agreed that entrepreneurs should have certain qualification, connection and skills
in doing entrepreneurship.
This is further supported by the study of Karabulut, A. T., (2016), where it is
stated that personality traits have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention.
For which internal locus of control, need for achievement, risk tolerance, and
entrepreneurial alertness are dimensions of personality traits which lead a person
to develop the entrepreneurial intention.
This is in contradiction with the study of Belas., et. al, were they stated that
personality trait had no relationship with the student entrepreneurial inclination
their survey leads to the considerations about entrepreneurship as a mean but not
the goal of the graduates’ activity that should be fairly creative and innovative.
Table 19 Median- Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median- Business
Advantages and Disadvantages Crosstabulation
Crosstabulation
propensity
Agree
Median - Strongly 0 0 1 1
Business Disagree
advantages and Disagree 2 11 34 47
disadvantages Agree 1 5 12 18
Strongly 1 2 31 34
Agree
Total 4 18 78 100
The crosstabulation above shows the median responses across Business
advantages and disadvantages and Entrepreneurial Propensity where the
responses were highly distributed in between Agree and Strongly Agree.
42
Table 20 Median- Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median- Business
Advantages and Disadvantages Chi-Square Tests
Chi-Square Tests
Sig. (2- Sig. (2- Sig. (1- Probability
sided) sided) sided)
Pearson Chi- 6.232 6 .398 .336
Square a
Likelihood 7.215 6 .301 .293

Ratio
Test
Linear-by- 2.214 1 .137 .145 .083 .029
Linear b
Association
N of Valid 100
Cases
count is .04.
Although responses are skewed to the left of the distribution, the Fisher’s
Exact Test statistic (7.215) and its corresponding p-value (0.200) is greater than
the alpha (0.05). This means that there is no sufficient evidence to reject the null
hypothesis, leading us to the conclusion that there is no statistically significant
association between business advantages and disadvantages and the
Entrepreneurial propensity of the millennials.
Moreover, it can be further highlighted that the Entrepreneurial Propensity
of millennials is independent from the Business advantages and disadvantages,
which means this socio-economic factor does not affect the Entrepreneurial
Propensity in a significant manner. True to which, Belas, J., et al. (2017) has also
43
found out that business advantages and disadvantages place no significant impact
on the entrepreneurial intention.
Socioeconomic Factors that are Applicable as Basis for Business Venture
Competency Program
By looking at the individual Fisher’s Exact test statistic, as well as their
corresponding p-values for each socio-economic factor with statistically significant
association to the Entrepreneurial propensity with each tests performed
independently, the following should be applied as a basis for a business venture
competency program:
Table 21 Socioeconomic Factors that has significant effect on the
Entrepreneurial Inclination
Socio-economic factor Fisher’s Exact test p-value

statistic
Access to financial resources 20.142 0.000
Personality traits 19.999 0.000
Social environment 13.265 0.006
Quality of business 10.69 0.019
environment
Table 21 highlights the socioeconomic factors that are found to be
affecting the entrepreneurial inclination of the Millennials. And based on the
statistical treatment performed, these factors positively encourage the
entrepreneurial propensity of the respondents.
44
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary, conclusion, and
recommendations based on the findings of this study.
SUMMARY
The study was conducted in Tagaytay City, Cavite. The respondents
were the millennials (ages 21-41) who at present resides in Tagaytay City and
is currently inclined and planning to incline in entrepreneurship. The
researchers utilized the descriptive research design to determine the
socioeconomic factors that has significant impact on the entrepreneurial
inclination of Millennials and which of these factors could be a basis for a
business venture competency program.
The study used a combination of adapted survey questionnaire from
the studies of Baliyan S.P. & Baliyan P. S. (2018), and Belas J. et al. (2017).
The data were analyzed using frequency and percentage for demographic
profile (age, gender, educational attainment, mother’s educational attainment,
mother’s profession, father’s educational attainment, father’s profession, and
monthly income), and Fisher’s Exact Test of Chi-Square Test in determining
the socioeconomic factors that affects the entrepreneurial inclination of the
millennials and its corresponding impact on the entrepreneurial propensity of
the respondents.
The study revealed that among the millennials are from the age bracket
of 21-29, majority are males, most of the respondents were able to have some
45
education higher than 6th grade, parent’s educational attainment and
profession has variety of responses, and majority of the respondent’s family
earns more than 12,000 a month. Moreover, four (4) out of (six) socioeconomic
factors placed significant association with the Millennials entrepreneurial
inclination. The researchers sorted out the socioeconomic factors with highest
impact on the dependent variable based on the result of Fisher’s exact Test.
Firstly, access to financial resources has 20.142 Fisher’s exact Test statistic
first, personality traits have 19.999, social environment has 13.265 and lastly,
quality of business environment with FET statistics of 110.69.
In addition, these factors have positive impact on the entrepreneurial
inclination of the respondents. This also shows that the socioeconomic factors
have a significant impact on the entrepreneurial inclination that therefore
rejects the null hypothesis of this study.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn.
Descriptive statistics of the Demographic profile of the respondent indicated that
53 out of 100 respondents are from ages 21 - 29, while the rest are from ages 30
- 41, also majority of the respondent are males. In terms of Educational Attainment
of the respondent, the result revealed that most of the respondents were able to
have some education higher than 6th grade, some have reached High School
graduates, some had College/Undergraduate experiences which half are
graduates and the other half did not complete their degree and the rest had
Trade/Technical/Vocational training as Educational Attainment.
46
It was also concluded that both mother and father of the respondent were
able to obtain higher education (high school graduates & college graduates), some
also had taken Trade/Technical/Vocational training as Educational Attainment,
while the rest of the smaller percentage are coming from those below 6 th grade.
These results revealed that mothers and fathers has received higher level of
educational attainment. Although mothers of the respondent were in higher
numbers in professional jobs as compared to the fathers, they were both engaged
in entrepreneurial profession. Majority of the respondent belong to the high-income
families whereas the lowest proportion of respondent belongs to the low-income
families.
Two out of six socio-economic factors of the respondent revealed that it
does not have significant influence on the millennial’s inclination towards
entrepreneurship including business support, and business advantages and
disadvantages. Despite the strong agreement in the respondent responses in the
survey, the statistic of the study showed that these two factors cannot influence
the respondents’ entrepreneurial inclination.
Finally, only four of the socio-economic factors of the students namely,
access to financial resources, personality traits, social environment, and quality of
business environment were determined as the significant influence of the
millennial’ entrepreneurial inclination towards entrepreneurship. Furthermore,
access to financial resources followed by the personality traits were the top two
significant influencers of the millennial entrepreneurial inclination towards
entrepreneurship followed by the social environment and the quality of business
47
environment.
The researchers further concluded that Millennials are highly encouraged
to pursue entrepreneurship given the access to financial resources to support their
business venture financially. Other than that, their confidence to enter business
were boosted by their social environment or social support or social network, and
their personality trait which enhances their capability to do business. Also, the
quality of business environment or where the business is situated or located is a
factor that encourages entrepreneurial inclination.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the results and conclusions, the following recommendations
were formulated.
Millennials should be encouraged to participate in meaningful idea
generation activities in any entrepreneurial venture, along with trainings, courses,
and coaching and mentoring, to help them take their ideas to the next level and
learn about the importance of socio-economic factors in business decisions.
Existing entrepreneurs should also be more aware of the considerable
influence and impact of socio-economic aspects on the long-term viability of their
businesses. They may also conduct a variety of activities on a regular basis, such
as a business plan, presentation, competition and interaction sessions with young
entrepreneurs and successful businesses.
Moreover, the researchers also recommend that aspiring entrepreneurs
must have a better understanding of the impact of the socioeconomic factors
discussed in this research, as this will help them appraise their own potential and
48
competency, as well as increase their interest in entrepreneurship.
The government might interfere by providing a remuneration for young
millennials and aspiring entrepreneurs for at least one year. In addition, the
government may devise business-related programs with the goal of encouraging
people to pursue entrepreneurship.
Finally, future researchers might consider this study as a guide and
reference to perform a more in-depth study on the impact of socioeconomic factors
on Millennials' entrepreneurial propensity. The researchers also recommend to
further increase the number of respondents especially when the same survey
questionnaires are to be used and tested. Doing so would help the future
researchers to expand the results and findings of this study in a wider range.
49
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52
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Letter of Permission to Conduct the Study
53
APPENDIX B
English Editing Certification Form
54
APPENDIX C
Certificate of Originality
55
APPENDIX D
Research Instrument
Please fill-out this form correctly. This survey questionnaire is intended for the
respondents ages 21 to 41 and is planning to incline with/ currently involved in
entrepreneurship. All information obtain in this form is for research purposes only and will
be processed according to the Data Privacy Act.
Name (Optional):
General Instructions: With full honesty, please provide your demographic information by
putting a check on the boxes provided on the form below.
Note: Please check only 1 box for each information needed.
Respondent Profile Place a check mark

(✓)
21-23
24-26
27-29
30-32
Age 33-35
36-38
39-41
Male
Gender
Female
No schooling completed
Educational
Nursery school to 6th grade
Attainment
Some High School, no diploma
High School Graduate, diploma
Some College credit, no degree
Trade/ Technical/Vocational Training
56
Bachelor’s Degree
Master’s Degree
Doctorate Degree
Mother’s
Educational Nursery school to 6th grade
Attainment
Bachelor’s Degree
Master’s Degree
Doctorate Degree
Mother’s Entrepreneur
Profession
Professional
Other
Father’s
Educational Nursery school to 6th grade
Attainment
Bachelor’s Degree
Master’s Degree
Doctorate Degree
Entrepreneur
57
Father’s Professional
Profession
Other
Monthly Income Less than 4000

₱4000-8,000
₱8,000-12,000
More than ₱12,000
Directions: Based on your personal perspective, evaluate whether you

strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree on each statements listed
below about the socio-economic factors that might influence entrepreneurial
inclination.
Note: Please check only 1 box for each statement.
Strongly Strongly
Agree Disagree
Social environment agree disagree
(3) (2)
(4) (1)
I admire my family/ relatives who do
business.
The society in general must appreciate
businesspersons.
Entrepreneurs must be regarded as
important members of society.
The media must accurately report on the
status and activities of entrepreneurs.
Strongly
Strongly Agree Disagree
Business support from Government Disagree
Agree (4) (3) (2)
(1)
The government must encourage and
promote entrepreneurship by utilizing its
resources.
The government must create favorable
conditions for establishing a business.
The Government must support
businesses financially.
There must be an excellent legal
framework for conducting business.
58
Strongly Strongly
Agree Disagree
Quality of business environment agree disagree
(3) (2)
(4) (1)
The business environment in my city
must be good for establishing
businesses.
The business environment in my city
must be relatively risk-tolerant, to make
it possible to establish a business.
In the last five years, I believe that the
business environment in my city has
improved.
I believe that the number of
administrative works done by
businesspeople my city has decreased
in the last five years.
Strongly
Access to the financial resources Disagree
agree (4) (3) (2)
(1)
There must be no significant financial
risk in the business environment.
Businesses must have easy access to
bank loans.
Commercial banks in my city must
provide appropriate lending conditions.
Commercial bank interest rates must
encourage businesses to operate.
Strongly Strongly
Agree Disagree
Personality traits agree disagree
(3) (2)
(4) (1)
I believe that being a businessperson
does not require any special innate
abilities.
I believe that a businessperson must
possess specialization, persistence,
responsibility, and risk-resistance as his
most important characteristics.
I suppose that it is easier to do business
if close relatives are in business.
Every person must have certain

qualifications for doing business.
59
Strongly Strongly
Agree Disagree
Business advantages and agree disagree
(3) (2)
disadvantages (4) (1)
I believe that doing business enables an
individual to have career growth and
interesting job opportunities.
I suppose that a businessperson is
wealthier and has a higher social status.
I believe that doing business does not
provide stable source of income.
I believe that doing business does not
permit a businessperson to have time to
be with his/her family.
Strongly
Entrepreneurial propensity Disagree
Agree (4) (3) (2)
(1)
I must be very interested in business to
start one.
I must plan to start a business whatever
my employment status may be.
In case nothing unexpected happens, I
must start my business at the latest year.
At present, I should have business
activities.
This survey questionnaire was made using two studies as a basis, it

came from a study entitled " Socio-Economic Factors as Predictors of
Undergraduate Students’ Attitude Towards entrepreneurship in Botswana "
a study conducted by Baliyan, S.P. & Baliyan, P.S., and Belas, J., et. Al
which was published in 2018 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325481415_Socioeconomic_Fac
tors_as_Predictors_of_Undergraduate_Students'_Attitude_towards_Entre
preneurship_in_Botswana.
Also, this questionnaire is being supported by a study entitled “Social
and Economic Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Intention of University
Students”,
publishedin2017fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/322438421
_Social_and_economic_factors_affecting_the_entrepreneurial_intention_o
f_university_stud
60
APPENDIX E
Raw Score
No. Age Gender Educational Attainment Mothers level of Education Mother’s Fathers level of Education
Profession
1 21-23 Female College/University Other
2 21-23 Female College/University Other
3 21-23 Female Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Professional Some High School, no diploma
4 21-23 Female Some College credit, no degree Nursery School to 6th grade Other Some High School, no diploma
5 21-23 Female Some College credit, no degree Bachelor's Degree Entrepreneur Bachelor's Degree
Nursery School to 6th grade, High
6 21-23 Female School Graduate, diploma, Some Bachelor's Degree Other Bachelor's Degree
College credit, no degree
7 21-23 Female Bachelor's Degree Nursery School to 6th grade Entrepreneur Some High School, no diploma
8 21-23 Female Some High School, no diploma No Schooling Completed Other High School Graduate, diploma
9 21-23 Female Bachelor's Degree High School Graduate, diploma Entrepreneur High School Graduate, diploma
10 21-23 Female High School Graduate, diploma No Schooling Completed Other Nursery School to 6th grade
11 21-23 Female Bachelor's Degree Some College credit, no degree Other Some College credit, no degree
12 21-23 Male Bachelor's Degree Some College credit, no degree Other High School Graduate, diploma
13 33-35 Female Nursery School to 6th grade No Schooling Completed Other Some High School, no diploma
14 24-26 Female Bachelor's Degree Some College credit, no degree Other High School Graduate, diploma
15 24-26 Male High School Graduate, diploma Nursery School to 6th grade Other Nursery School to 6th grade
16 36-38 Male High School Graduate, diploma Some High School, no diploma Other No Schooling Completed
17 36-38 Male Nursery School to 6th grade Nursery School to 6th grade Other Nursery School to 6th grade
18 30-32 Male Some High School, no diploma Some College credit, no degree Other Some High School, no diploma
19 21-23 Female Some High School, no diploma High School Graduate, diploma Entrepreneur High School Graduate, diploma
20 21-23 Male Bachelor's Degree No Schooling Completed Other High School Graduate, diploma
21 21-23 Male Some High School, no diploma Some High School, no diploma Other Some High School, no diploma
22 27-29 Female Some College credit, no degree Nursery School to 6th grade Other Some College credit, no degree
23 39-41 Male Nursery School to 6th grade No Schooling Completed Other Some High School, no diploma
24 33-35 Male Some High School, no diploma Nursery School to 6th grade Other Some High School, no diploma
25 39-41 Female High School Graduate, diploma Some High School, no diploma Other High School Graduate, diploma
26 36-38 Female Some College credit, no degree Some College credit, no degree Entrepreneur High School Graduate, diploma
27 39-41 Female No Schooling Completed Nursery School to 6th grade Other No Schooling Completed
28 21-23 Female High School Graduate, diploma Nursery School to 6th grade Other Nursery School to 6th grade
29 24-26 Male High School Graduate, diploma Bachelor's Degree Other High School Graduate, diploma
31 21-23 Female Some College credit, no degree Bachelor's Degree Professional Some High School, no diploma
32 36-38 Male Bachelor's Degree High School Graduate, diploma Entrepreneur High School Graduate, diploma
33 27-29 Male Bachelor's Degree Some College credit, no degree Entrepreneur Some College credit, no degree
34 33-35 Male High School Graduate, diploma Bachelor's Degree Entrepreneur Some College credit, no degree
35 30-32 Male High School Graduate, diploma Some High School, no diploma Entrepreneur Bachelor's Degree
61
36 36-38 Female Bachelor's Degree No Schooling Completed Other Nursery School to 6th grade
37 30-32 Male High School Graduate, diploma Bachelor's Degree Entrepreneur Nursery School to 6th grade
38 21-23 Female Bachelor's Degree High School Graduate, diploma Other Some High School, no diploma
62
No. Father’s Monthly Income Social environment-S1 Social environment - Social environment-S3 Social environment-S4
Profession S2
1 Other 4000-8,000 4 3 4 3
2 Other 4000-8,000 4 3 4 4
3 Other Less than 4000 4 4 4 4
4 Other More than 12,000 4 4 3 4
5 Entrepreneur More than 12,000 3 3 4 4
6 Other More than 12,000 3 4 4 4
10 Other 4000-8,000 3 4 4 3
11 Other More than 12,000 4 3 3 3
12 Other 4000-8,000 4 4 4 4
13 Other 4000-8,000 4 4 4 2
14 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
15 Other 8,000-12,000 2 4 4 1
16 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 3
17 Other 8,000-12,000 4 4 4 4
19 Entrepreneur 8,000-12,000 4 4 4 4
20 Other 4000-8,000 2 3 3 4
21 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
23 Other 8,000-12,000 4 4 4 1
24 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
27 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
28 Other 4000-8,000 4 4 4 4
29 Other 4000-8,000 4 3 3 4
30 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
31 Entrepreneur Less than 4000 4 4 4 4
33 Entrepreneur Less than 4000 4 4 4 4
34 Professional More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
36 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
37 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
38 Other 4000-8,000 3 4 4 4
63
Median Social Business support from Business support from Business support from Business support from Median Business
No. environment Government-S1 Government-S2 Government-S3 Government-S4 support from
Government
1 4 4 3 4 4 4
2 4 4 4 3 4 4
3 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 3 3 3 3
5 4 3 3 3 3 3
6 4 4 4 4 4 4
7 4 4 4 4 3 4
8 3 4 3 2 4 4
9 3 3 4 3 3 3
10 4 4 3 4 3 4
11 3 3 3 3 3 3
12 4 4 4 4 4 4
13 4 2 4 1 4 3
14 4 4 4 4 4 4
15 3 4 4 4 4 4
16 4 4 4 4 4 4
17 4 3 4 3 4 4
18 2 2 2 2 2 2
19 4 4 4 3 3 4
20 3 3 3 2 3 3
21 4 3 4 2 4 4
22 4 4 4 4 4 4
23 4 4 4 3 4 4
24 4 4 4 4 4 4
25 4 4 4 4 4 4
26 4 4 4 4 4 4
27 4 4 4 4 4 4
28 4 4 4 4 4 4
29 4 3 4 3 3 3
30 4 4 4 4 4 4
31 4 4 4 4 4 4
32 4 4 4 4 4 4
33 4 4 4 4 4 4
34 4 4 4 4 4 4
35 4 4 4 4 3 4
36 4 4 4 3 4 4
37 4 4 4 4 4 4
38 4 4 4 4 4 4
64
No. Quality of business Quality of business Quality of business Quality o fbusiness Median Quality of Access to the financial
environment-S1 environment-S2 environment-S3 environment-S4 business environment resources-S1
1 4 4 4 4 4 3.0
2 4 4 3 4 4 4.0
3 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
4 3 3 3 4 3 4.0
5 4 4 4 3 4 2.0
6 4 3 2 3 3 2.0
7 3 4 4 3 4 3.0
8 3 3 4 2 3 4.0
9 4 4 3 4 4 2.0
10 3 3 3 3 3 4.0
11 4 3 3 4 4 2.0
12 3 3 4 3 3 2.0
13 4 4 2 2 3 2.0
14 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
15 4 4 2 3 4 4.0
16 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
17 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
18 2 2 2 2 2 2.0
19 3 4 4 2 4 2.0
20 3 3 3 2 3 2.0
21 4 4 1 2 3 4.0
22 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
23 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
24 4 4 3 1 4 2.0
25 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
26 4 4 4 1 4 3.0
27 4 4 4 1 4 2.0
28 4 4 3 1 4 1.0
29 3 3 2 3 3 3.0
30 4 4 3 2 4 3.0
31 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
32 4 4 3 1 4 4.0
33 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
34 4 4 4 1 4 4.0
35 4 4 3 4 4 4.0
36 4 4 4 3 4 4.0
37 4 4 3 2 4 4.0
38 3 3 4 3 3 3.0
65
No. Access to the financial Access to the financial Access to the financial Median Access to Personality traits-S1 Personality traits-S2
resources-S2 resources-S3 resources-S4 financial resources
1 3 4 4 4 3 4
2 4 4 4 4 3 4
3 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 2 3 4 4 3 2
5 3 3 3 3 4 4
6 4 4 4 4 2 3
7 3 3 3 3 3 3
8 3 4 4 4 3 4
9 3 3 3 3 3 3
10 4 4 4 4 3 4
11 2 3 3 2 2 3
12 3 4 3 3 3 4
13 4 4 4 4 2 4
14 4 4 4 4 1 4
15 4 4 4 4 3 4
16 4 4 4 4 1 4
17 4 4 4 4 2 4
18 2 2 2 2 2 2
19 4 4 4 4 3 4
20 2 3 3 2 3 3
21 4 4 4 4 4 4
22 4 4 4 4 4 4
23 4 4 4 4 4 4
24 4 4 4 4 2 4
25 4 4 4 4 4 4
26 4 4 4 4 3 4
27 4 4 4 4 3 4
28 2 4 4 3 3 3
29 3 3 3 3 2 4
30 4 4 4 4 3 4
31 4 4 4 4 4 4
32 4 4 4 4 3 4
33 4 4 4 4 4 4
34 4 4 4 4 4 4
35 4 4 4 4 4 4
36 4 4 4 4 2 4
37 4 4 4 4 4 4
38 4 4 4 4 4 4
66
No. Personality traits-S3 Personality traits-S4 Median Personality traits Business advantages and Business advantages and Business advantages and
disadvantages-S1 disadvantages-S2 disadvantages-S3
1 3.0 3 3 4 4 3.0
2 4.0 4 4 4 3 2.0
3 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
4 3.0 3 3 4 4 4.0
5 2.0 2 3 4 2 1.0
6 1.0 3 2 4 3 3.0
7 3.0 3 3 3 3 3.0
8 4.0 4 4 4 3 2.0
9 3.0 3 3 3 3 3.0
10 3.0 4 4 4 2 2.0
11 3.0 3 3 3 2 2.0
12 3.0 2 3 4 4 2.0
13 1.0 1 2 4 3 1.0
14 2.0 3 2 4 4 3.0
15 1.0 1 2 4 4 4.0
16 1.0 2 2 4 4 4.0
17 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
18 2.0 2 2 2 2 2.0
19 3.0 2 3 4 3 1.0
20 3.0 4 3 3 2 3.0
21 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
22 1.0 2 3 4 4 4.0
23 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
24 1.0 4 3 4 4 1.0
25 4.0 4 4 4 4 1.0
26 4.0 4 4 4 4 1.0
27 4.0 4 4 4 4 1.0
28 2.0 2 2 4 2 2.0
29 2.0 2 2 3 2 2.0
30 1.0 1 2 4 4 1.0
31 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
32 2.0 2 2 4 4 1.0
33 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
34 4.0 4 4 4 1 1.0
35 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
36 1.0 4 3 4 4 4.0
37 2.0 4 4 4 4 2.0
38 4.0 4 4 4 3 3.0
67
Business advantages and Median Business Entrepreneurial Entrepreneurial Entrepreneurial Entrepreneurial
No. disadvantages-S4 advantages and propensity-S1 propensity-S2 propensity-S3 propensity-S4
disadvantages
1 3.0 4 4 4 3 3
2 2.0 2 4 4 4 4
3 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
4 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
5 1.0 2 4 4 3 3
6 2.0 3 4 3 2 2
7 3.0 3 3 3 3 3
8 4.0 4 4 4 2 4
9 3.0 3 4 4 4 4
10 1.0 2 4 3 3 4
11 2.0 2 3 3 3 3
12 2.0 3 4 3 3 3
13 1.0 2 4 2 4 4
14 4.0 4 2 2 2 2
15 1.0 4 4 2 1 4
16 1.0 4 4 4 4 4
17 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
18 2.0 2 2 2 2 2
19 1.0 2 3 3 3 4
20 2.0 3 3 4 2 4
21 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
22 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
23 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
24 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
25 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
26 1.0 2 4 4 2 4
27 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
28 2.0 2 4 4 4 4
29 1.0 2 4 3 3 4
30 1.0 2 3 4 4 4
31 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
32 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
33 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
34 1.0 1 4 4 4 4
35 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
36 3.0 4 4 4 4 4
37 1.0 3 4 4 4 4
38 2.0 3 4 4 4 4
68
Median
No. Entrepreneurial
propensity
1 4
2 4
3 4
4 4
5 4
6 2
7 3
8 4
9 4
10 4
11 3
12 3
13 4
14 2
15 3
16 4
17 4
18 2
19 3
20 4
21 4
22 4
23 4
24 4
25 4
26 4
27 4
28 4
29 4
30 4
31 4
32 4
33 4
34 4
35 4
36 4
37 4
38 4
69
Profession
39 36-38 Female Trade/Technical/Vocational Training Trade/Technical/Vocational Training Entrepreneur High School Graduate, diploma
40 33-35 Female High School Graduate, diploma Trade/Technical/Vocational Trainin Other Nursery School to 6th grade
41 36-38 Female Bachelor's Degree High School Graduate, diploma Other High School Graduate, diploma
42 33-35 Male High School Graduate, diploma Nursery School to 6th grade Other Bachelor's Degree
43 21-23 Male Some College credit, no degree Bachelor's Degree Professional Bachelor's Degree
44 36-38 Male High School Graduate, diploma High School Graduate, diploma Other Nursery School to 6th grade
45 39-41 Male Nursery School to 6th grade Nursery School to 6th grade Other Nursery School to 6th grade
46 30-32 Male Some College credit, no degree Some College credit, no degree Entrepreneur Trade/Technical/Vocational Training
47 24-26 Male Some College credit, no degree Bachelor's Degree Professional Bachelor's Degree
48 24-26 Male Some College credit, no degree Bachelor's Degree Entrepreneur Bachelor's Degree
49 30-32 Female Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Entrepreneur Bachelor's Degree
50 39-41 Female High School Graduate, diploma High School Graduate, diploma Entrepreneur High School Graduate, diploma
51 30-32 Male High School Graduate, diploma Some High School, no diploma Other High School Graduate, diploma
52 33-35 Male High School Graduate, diploma High School Graduate, diploma Other Nursery School to 6th grade
53 39-41 Male Some College credit, no degree High School Graduate, diploma Entrepreneur High School Graduate, diploma
54 33-35 Female Some College credit, no degree High School Graduate, diploma Other Trade/Technical/Vocational Training
55 33-35 Female Trade/Technical/Vocational Trade/Technical/Vocational Trainin Other High School Graduate, diploma
Training
56 33-35 Male Trade/Technical/Vocational Trade/Technical/Vocational Trainin Other Bachelor's Degree
Training
57 33-35 Male Bachelor's Degree Nursery School to 6th grade Other No Schooling Completed
58 30-32 Male Some High School, no diploma Trade/Technical/Vocational Trainin Other High School Graduate, diploma
59 27-29 Male Some College credit, no degree High School Graduate, diploma Other Nursery School to 6th grade
60 30-32 Male Bachelor's Degree High School Graduate, diploma Entrepreneur Nursery School to 6th grade
61 33-35 Female High School Graduate, diploma Bachelor's Degree Professional Nursery School to 6th grade
62 39-41 Male High School Graduate, diploma High School Graduate, diploma Entrepreneur High School Graduate, diploma
63 33-35 Female High School Graduate, diploma Some High School, no diploma Other Some College credit, no degree
65 24-26 Female Some College credit, no degree High School Graduate, diploma Other High School Graduate, diploma
66 36-38 Male Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Professional Bachelor's Degree
67 27-29 Male Bachelor's Degree Master's Degree Professional Bachelor's Degree
69 36-38 Female Some College credit, no degree Some College credit, no degree Entrepreneur High School Graduate, diploma
70 36-38 Male Some College credit, no degree High School Graduate, diploma Other High School Graduate, diploma
72 30-32 Male Trade/Technical/Vocational High School Graduate, diploma Other High School Graduate, diploma
Training
73 30-32 Female High School Graduate, diploma High School Graduate, diploma Entrepreneur High School Graduate, diploma
74 27-29 Male High School Graduate, diploma High School Graduate, diploma Other Some College credit, no degree
70
No. Father’s Monthly Income Social environment-S1 Social environment - Social environment-S3 Social environment-S4
Profession S2
39 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4

41 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
44 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
45 Other More than 12,000 3 4 4 4
46 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 3
51 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
52 Other More than 12,000 1 3 4 4
54 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
55 Other More than 12,000 1 4 4 4
57 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
58 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
59 Other More than 12,000 3 4 3 4
60 Other More than 12,000 4 3 3 4
61 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
63 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
70 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
72 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
71
Median Social Business support from Business support from Business support from Business support from Median Business support from
No. environment Government-S1 Government-S2 Government-S3 Government-S4 Government
39 4 4 4 4 4 4
40 4 4 4 4 4 4
41 4 3 4 4 4 4
42 4 4 4 4 4 4
43 3 4 3 2 4 4
44 4 4 4 4 4 4
45 4 4 4 1 4 4
46 4 4 4 4 4 4
47 4 4 4 3 4 4
48 4 4 4 3 4 4
49 4 4 4 1 4 4
50 4 4 4 4 4 4
51 4 4 4 1 4 4
52 4 4 4 3 4 4
53 4 4 4 4 4 4
54 4 4 4 1 4 4
55 4 4 4 1 4 4
56 4 4 4 2 4 4
57 4 4 4 4 4 4
58 4 4 4 3 3 4
59 4 4 4 4 3 4
60 4 4 3 2 4 4
61 4 4 4 4 4 4
62 4 4 4 4 4 4
63 4 4 4 4 4 4
64 4 4 4 4 3 4
65 4 4 4 2 4 4
66 4 4 4 4 4 4
67 4 4 4 2 4 4
68 4 4 4 4 4 4
69 4 4 4 4 4 4
70 4 4 4 4 4 4
71 4 4 4 4 4 4
72 4 4 4 4 4 4
73 4 4 4 4 4 4
74 4 4 4 4 4 4
72
39 4 4 4 1 4 4.0
40 4 4 4 1 4 4.0
41 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
42 4 4 4 1 4 4.0
43 3 3 3 2 3 2.0
44 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
45 4 3 2 1 2 4.0
46 3 3 3 3 3 4.0
47 4 4 4 3 4 3.0
48 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
49 3 1 3 3 3 2.0
50 4 4 3 2 4 4.0
51 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
52 4 4 4 1 4 4.0
53 4 4 4 4 4 3.0
54 4 4 4 1 4 4.0
55 4 4 4 1 4 4.0
56 4 4 4 1 4 4.0
57 4 4 4 2 4 4.0
58 4 3 3 1 3 4.0
59 4 4 3 4 4 4.0
60 4 3 4 3 4 4.0
61 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
62 4 4 4 3 4 4.0
63 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
64 3 3 3 3 3 2.0
65 2 2 4 4 3 2.0
66 3 3 3 3 3 2.0
67 4 4 4 4 4 1.0
68 4 3 3 3 3 2.0
69 4 3 4 4 4 3.0
70 4 2 2 3 2 3.0
71 4 4 4 4 4 44289.0
72 4 2 4 4 4 2.0
73 4 4 4 4 4 3.0
74 4 3 3 3 3 2.0
73
39 4 4 4 4 4 4
40 4 4 4 4 4 4
41 4 4 4 4 1 4
42 4 4 4 4 4 4
43 2 3 3 2 2 3
44 4 4 4 4 4 4
45 4 4 4 4 4 4
46 4 4 4 4 4 3
47 4 4 4 4 4 4
48 4 4 4 4 4 4
49 4 4 4 4 4 4
50 4 4 4 4 4 4
51 4 4 4 4 2 4
52 4 4 4 4 2 4
53 4 4 4 4 3 4
54 4 4 4 4 4 4
55 4 4 4 4 4 4
56 4 4 4 4 4 4
57 4 4 4 4 4 4
58 4 4 4 4 2 3
59 3 4 4 4 4 3
60 4 2 3 4 4 4
61 4 4 4 4 4 4
62 4 4 4 4 4 4
63 4 4 4 4 4 4
64 3 3 3 3 3 4
65 4 4 4 4 4 4
66 3 3 2 2 3 4
67 4 4 4 4 4 4
68 3 3 3 3 3 4
69 4 4 4 4 4 4
70 3 3 3 3 4 4
71 4 4 4 4 4 4
72 2 3 3 2 3 3
73 3 4 4 4 3 4
74 4 4 4 4 4 4
74
No. Personality traits-S3 Personality traits-S4 Median Personality Business advantages Business advantages Business advantages and
traits and disadvantages-S1 and disadvantages-S2 disadvantages-S3
39 4.0 4 4 4 4 2.0
40 4.0 4 4 4 4 1.0
41 4.0 4 4 4 4 1.0
42 4.0 4 4 4 4 1.0
43 3.0 3 3 3 2 3.0
44 4.0 4 4 4 4 1.0
45 1.0 4 4 4 4 1.0
46 2.0 1 2 4 3 3.0
47 3.0 4 4 4 3 2.0
48 2.0 3 4 4 4 1.0
49 3.0 2 4 4 2 2.0
50 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
51 2.0 4 3 4 4 2.0
52 4.0 4 4 4 4 1.0
53 4.0 3 4 4 3 4.0
54 4.0 4 4 4 4 2.0
55 4.0 1 4 4 4 1.0
56 4.0 1 4 4 4 1.0
57 4.0 4 4 4 4 1.0
58 2.0 1 2 4 4 1.0
59 4.0 4 4 4 3 4.0
60 2.0 2 3 4 4 2.0
61 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
62 4.0 3 4 4 4 4.0
63 1.0 1 2 2 2 2.0
64 3.0 3 3 3 2 2.0
65 1.0 2 3 4 2 2.0
66 3.0 3 3 3 3 2.0
67 1.0 1 2 4 4 1.0
68 3.0 3 3 4 3 3.0
69 44289.0 4 4 4 3 1.0
70 4.0 4 4 3 2 1.0
71 4.0 4 4 4 2 1.0
72 3.0 3 3 3 4 2.0
73 3.0 3 3 3 2 2.0
74 2.0 3 4 4 2 1.0
75
disadvantages
39 2.0 3 4 4 2 4
40 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
41 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
42 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
43 2.0 2 2 3 2 3
44 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
45 3.0 4 4 4 4 4
46 2.0 3 4 3 3 2
47 2.0 2 4 3 4 3
48 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
49 2.0 2 4 4 4 2
50 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
51 2.0 3 4 4 4 4
52 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
53 2.0 4 3 4 3 4
54 2.0 3 4 4 4 4
55 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
56 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
57 3.0 4 4 4 4 4
58 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
59 4.0 4 4 3 4 4
60 2.0 3 4 4 4 4
61 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
62 2.0 4 3 4 3 3
63 2.0 2 4 4 2 4
64 2.0 2 3 3 3 2
65 2.0 2 4 3 3 2
66 2.0 2 3 3 3 3
67 2.0 3 4 4 4 4
68 2.0 3 3 3 3 3
69 1.0 2 3 3 3 3
70 1.0 2 3 3 3 3
71 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
72 2.0 2 3 3 3 3
73 2.0 2 4 4 4 4
74 4.0 3 4 4 3 3
76
Median
No. Entrepreneurial
propensity
39 4
40 4
41 4
42 4
43 2
44 4
45 4
46 3
47 4
48 4
49 4
50 4
51 4
52 4
53 4
54 4
55 4
56 4
57 4
58 4
59 4
60 4
61 4
62 3
63 4
64 3
65 3
66 3
67 4
68 3
69 3
70 3
71 4
72 3
73 4
74 4
77
Profession
75 30-32 Male Some College credit, no degree High School Graduate, diploma Entrepreneur Bachelor's Degree
76 24-26 Female Some College credit, no degree Bachelor's Degree Entrepreneur Bachelor's Degree
77 33-35 Female Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Professional Bachelor's Degree
78 27-29 Male Trade/Technical/Vocational High School Graduate, diploma Entrepreneur High School Graduate, diploma
Training
79 24-26 Female Bachelor's Degree High School Graduate, diploma Other High School Graduate, diploma
81 24-26 Female Some College credit, no degree Trade/Technical/Vocational Trainin Entrepreneur Bachelor's Degree
82 27-29 Female Bachelor's Degree Some College credit, no degree Professional Some College credit, no degree
83 27-29 Female Bachelor's Degree Master's Degree Professional Doctorate Degree
84 27-29 Male Trade/Technical/Vocational Bachelor's Degree Professional Trade/Technical/Vocational Training
Training
85 24-26 Male Some College credit, no degree Some College credit, no degree Entrepreneur Bachelor's Degree
86 27-29 Male Trade/Technical/Vocational Some College credit, no degree Other Some College credit, no degree
Training
87 24-26 Male Bachelor's Degree High School Graduate, diploma Other Some College credit, no degree
89 24-26 Male Trade/Technical/Vocational Bachelor's Degree Entrepreneur Some College credit, no degree
Training
90 24-26 Male Some College credit, no degree Some College credit, no degree Entrepreneur Some College credit, no degree
91 27-29 Male High School Graduate, diploma Master's Degree Professional Bachelor's Degree
92 30-32 Male Trade/Technical/Vocational Bachelor's Degree Professional Bachelor's Degree
Training
93 27-29 Male Trade/Technical/Vocational Trade/Technical/Vocational Trainin Entrepreneur Some College credit, no degree
Training
95 27-29 Female Master's Degree High School Graduate, diploma Other High School Graduate, diploma
96 21-23 Female Some College credit, no degree Nursery School to 6th grade Other High School Graduate, diploma
97 24-26 Male Some College credit, no degree Some High School, no diploma Other Some High School, no diploma
98 21-23 Male Some College credit, no degree Trade/Technical/Vocational Trainin Entrepreneur Trade/Technical/Vocational Training
99 24-26 Male Trade/Technical/Vocational Some College credit, no degree Entrepreneur High School Graduate, diploma
Training
100 24-26 Male Some College credit, no degree Bachelor's Degree Entrepreneur Master's Degree
78
No. Father’s Profession Monthly Income Social environment-S1 Social environment - Social environment-S3 Social environment-S4
S2

84 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
87 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
95 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
96 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
97 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
98 Other More than 12,000 4 3 3 3
99 Other More than 12,000 4 4 4 3
100 Entrepreneur, Profe More than 12,000 4 4 4 4
79
Median Social Business support from Business support from Business support from Business support from Median Business
No. environment Government-S1 Government-S2 Government-S3 Government-S4 support from
Government
4 4 4 4 4 4
75
76 4 4 4 2 4 4
77 4 4 4 4 4 4
78 4 4 4 4 4 4
79 4 3 3 3 3 3
80 4 4 4 4 4 4
81 4 4 4 4 4 4
82 4 4 4 4 4 4
83 4 4 4 1 4 4
84 4 4 4 4 4 4
85 4 4 4 4 4 4
86 4 4 4 4 4 4
87 4 4 4 4 4 4
88 4 4 4 4 4 4
89 4 4 4 4 4 4
90 3 3 3 3 3 3
91 4 3 4 3 4 4
92 4 4 4 4 4 4
93 4 3 4 3 4 4
94 4 4 4 3 4 4
95 4 4 4 4 4 4
96 4 4 3 3 4 4
97 4 4 4 4 4 4
98 3 4 4 4 4 4
99 4 4 4 2 4 4
100 4 4 4 1 4 4
80
75 4 2 3 3 3 4.0
76 4 3 2 4 4 1.0
77 4 3 3 3 3 2.0
78 4 3 4 4 4 1.0
79 3 2 2 3 2 2.0
80 4 4 4 3 4 3.0
81 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
82 4 4 4 4 4 3.0
83 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
84 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
85 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
86 4 4 4 4 4 3.0
87 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
88 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
89 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
90 3 3 3 3 3 3.0
91 4 2 4 4 4 2.0
92 4 3 3 3 3 3.0
93 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
94 4 2 4 4 4 2.0
95 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
96 3 2 3 3 3 2.0
97 4 4 4 4 4 4.0
98 3 3 3 3 3 4.0
99 3 2 3 3 3 2.0
100 4 1 3 3 3 1.0
81
75 4 4 4 4 4 4
76 4 4 4 4 4 4
77 3 3 3 3 3 4
78 3 3 3 3 3 4
79 4 4 4 4 4 4
80 4 4 4 4 4 4
81 4 4 4 4 4 4
82 4 4 4 4 4 4
83 4 4 4 4 4 4
84 4 4 4 4 4 4
85 4 4 4 4 4 3
86 4 4 4 4 4 4
87 4 4 4 4 4 4
88 4 4 4 4 4 4
89 4 4 4 4 4 4
90 3 3 3 3 3 3
91 3 3 3 3 3 4
92 3 3 3 3 3 3
93 4 3 3 4 3 3
94 4 4 4 4 4 4
95 4 4 4 4 4 4
96 3 3 3 3 4 3
97 4 4 4 4 4 4
98 4 4 4 4 3 3
99 2 4 3 2 4 4
100 3 3 3 3 4 2
82
No. Personality traits-S3 Personality traits-S4 Median Personality Business advantages Business advantages Business advantages and
traits and disadvantages-S1 and disadvantages-S2 disadvantages-S3
75 4.0 4 4 4 3 2.0
76 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
77 4.0 4 4 4 4 1.0
78 3.0 3 3 3 3 1.0
79 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
80 4.0 4 4 4 4 2.0
81 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
82 4.0 4 4 4 3 2.0
83 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
84 4.0 4 4 4 2 1.0
85 3.0 2 3 4 4 4.0
86 4.0 4 4 4 3 1.0
87 4.0 4 4 4 3 1.0
88 4.0 4 4 4 4 2.0
89 4.0 4 4 4 3 2.0
90 3.0 3 3 3 3 2.0
91 4.0 3 4 4 4 3.0
92 3.0 3 3 3 3 2.0
93 2.0 2 2 2 2 2.0
94 2.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
95 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
96 2.0 3 3 4 3 2.0
97 4.0 4 4 4 4 4.0
98 2.0 3 3 3 2 3.0
99 2.0 3 4 4 2 3.0
100 2.0 4 3 4 4 1.0
83
disadvantages
2.0 2 4 4 4 4
75
76 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
77 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
78 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
79 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
80 2.0 3 4 3 3 3
81 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
82 2.0 2 4 4 4 4
83 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
84 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
85 4.0 4 4 4 3 2
86 1.0 2 4 4 4 4
87 1.0 2 3 3 3 3
88 2.0 3 4 4 4 4
89 2.0 2 4 4 4 4
90 2.0 2 3 3 3 3
91 3.0 4 4 4 4 4
92 2.0 2 3 3 3 3
93 3.0 2 4 4 4 4
94 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
95 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
96 2.0 2 4 4 4 3
97 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
98 3.0 3 4 4 3 3
99 4.0 4 4 4 3 3
100 4.0 4 4 4 4 4
84
Median
No. Entrepreneurial
propensity
4
75
76 4
77 4
78 4
79 4
80 3
81 4
82 4
83 4
84 4
85 4
86 4
87 3
88 4
89 4
90 3
91 4
92 3
93 4
94 4
95 4
96 4
97 4
98 4
99 4
100 4
85
APPENDIX F
Researchers Profile
Pamela C. Cabello
Brgy. Tamayo, Calaca, Batangas
(63) 9499136332
cabellopamela25@gmail.com
CAREER OBJECTIVE
To acquire the skills needed in my chosen field of study and to allow me to
enhance and develop my professional skills as well as to contribute for the
development of the company where I will be working with.
SKILLS
 Computer Literate (MS Word, MS Office, MS PowerPoint, Excel).
 Ability to work under pressure.
 Able to communicate effectively through written and oral form
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary Rogationist College
Km. 52 Aguinaldo Highway, Brgy. Lalaan II, Silang, Cavite
2018- Present
Scholarship Tulong Dunong Program (TDP)

2018-Present
Secondary Mater Dei Academy (SHS)

Accountancy, Business and Management
Rizal St. Brgy. Kaybagal South, Tagaytay City, Cavite
2016-2018
Payapa National High School (JHS)

Payapa Ilaya, Lemery, Batangas
2012-2016
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age : 21
Sex : Female
Date of Birth : February 29, 2000
Place of Birth : Tamayo, Calaca, Batangas
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Christian
Citizenship : Filipino
86
ORGANIZATIONS/ AFFILIATIONS
RCJPIA CAJPIA NFJPIA
Member Member Member
2018-Present 2018- Present 2018- Present
WORK EXPERIENCE
Accounts Payable Associate
Alas Oplas &Co. CPAs
Unit D F. Jack Building, 156 Emilio Aguinaldo Highway,
San Agustin II, Dasmarinas City,
Cavite 4114
2021- Present
ON THE JOB TRAINING

Accounting Staff
Jay Caday Accounting Firm
Tarlac City
2021
Accounting Staff
Creotec Philippines, Inc.
Creotec Immersion Center, EMSG Engineering Facility
117-A Technology Avenue, Laguna Technopark, Biñan, Laguna
2018
CHARACTER REFERENCES
Mr. Mark Joseph Lorenzo Mrs. Glenda Callanta
SHS Adviser Publication Adviser

Mater Dei Academy Rogationist College
(+63) 946-553-4129 (+63) 932-512-7478
Mr. Faustino Olores

Convergence Int’l. Christian Fellowship Batangas Lead Pastor
(+63)951-633-6044
I hereby certify that the information above is accurate and reliable to test
my knowledge.
PAMELA C. CABELLO
Researcher
Kyla T. Lamagan
Bagong Silang, Brgy. Sungay West, Tagaytay City
(63) 9957893959
kylalamagann@gmail.com
CAREER OBJECTIVE
To land a job that is suitable to my ability and to my knowledge and to be
part of an organization or company that will enhance my skills and my working
ability.
SKILLS AND QUALIFICATIONS
 Proficient in Microsoft Office Applications
 Computer literate
 Excellent team player who thrives in teamwork situations
 Developed strong analytical skills, including financial analysis
2018- Present
Secondary Rogationist College (SHS)

Brgy. Lalaan II, Silang, Cavite
Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM)
2016-2018
Tagaytay City Science National High School (JHS)

Sungay East, Tagaytay City, Cavite
2012-2016
Age : 22 years old
Date of Birth : October 4, 1999
Religion : Roman Catholic
NFJPIA Member 2018- Present
CAJPIA Member 2018- Present
RCJPIA Member 2018- Present
Bukas- Palad Tagaytay Scholar 2005- Present
ON THE JOB TRAINING

Accounting Staff
MABS Management Consultancy Services
Km. 50 Aguinaldo Highway
Lalaan II, Silang, Cavite
2021
AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

Secondary Academic Awardee
Rogationist College (SHS)
S.Y. 2016- 2017 to S.Y. 2017-2018
NCIII-Bookkeeping Holder
2017
Academic Awardee
Tagaytay City Science National High School (JHS)
2016
Third Honor
Sungay Elementary School
2012
Angelo P. Nueva Johnrick R. Gatdula, CPA
Business Science Cluster Program Chair Rogationist College- College
Dept.
Rogationist College- College Dept. Faculty Member
09569857302 09499975466
Dr. Armando L. Bañares, CPA

Rogationist College- College Dept
BSC Program Coordinator
09177209937
my knowledge.
KYLA T. LAMAGAN
Applicant
Wiljoyce R. Lupeña
Brgy. Mayasang, Lemery, Batangas
(63) 9311761197 / (63) 9756133732
wiljoycelupena@gmail.com
CAREER OBJECTIVE
Looking for the position in your organization that would allow me to use my
potentials and develop my professional skills and knowledge specially in the field
of accounting.
SKILLS
 Dedicated and hard-working individual.
 Able to communicate effectively through written and oral forms.
 Computer Literate (MS Word, MS Office, MS PowerPoint, Excel).
 Ability to work under pressure.
 Has a dependable experience in the Audit of Disbursements.
2018- Present
Scholarship Tertiary Education Subsidy

2018-Present
Secondary Mater Dei Academy (SHS)

Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)
Rizal St. Brgy. Kaybagal South, Tagaytay City, Cavite
2016-2018
Payapa National High School (JHS)

Payapa Ilaya, Lemery, Batangas
2012-2016
Age : 21 years old
Date of Birth : December 17, 1999
NFJPIA Member 2018- Present
RCJPIA Member 2018- Present
CAJPIA Member 2018- Present
WORK EXPERIENCE
San Agustin II, Dasmariñas City, Cavite 4114
2021- Present
ON THE JOB TRAINING

Auditing Staff Accounting Staff
M.I. AME Accounting Office Creotec Philippines, Inc.
No. 6 Madlansacay St. Silang, Cavite Technopark, Biñan, Laguna
2021 2018
AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

Tertiary Dean’s Lister
Rogationist College
2nd Semester of A.Y. 2019-2020
Secondary Bronze Medalist

Deportment Awardee
Perfect in Attendance Awardee
Mater Dei Academy (SHS)
S.Y. 2017-2018
Perfect in Attendance Awardee

Mater Dei Academy (SHS)
S.Y. 2016-2017
Primary 8th Honorable Mention

Mayasang Elementary School
S.Y. 2011-2012
Mr. Mark Joseph Lorenzo Mr. Mark Adrian Ramos
MDA Class Adviser MDA Faculty Member
(+63) 946-553-4129 (+63) 915-449-8130
Mrs. Glenda Callanta Johnrick R. Gatdula, CPA

Rogationist College- College Dept. M.I. AME Accounting Office
Publication Adviser Audit Sr./OJT
(+63) 932-512-7478 Supervisor/College Professor
(+63) 949-997-5466
my knowledge.
WILJOYCE R. LUPEÑA
Researcher
Arlene P. Orua
Purok 12 Brgy. Calabuso Tagaytay City, Cavite
(63) 9055456392/ (63) 9366912927

arlenemercado0202@gmail.com
CAREER OBJECTIVE
To find work with a reputable organization where I can bring my skills and
business studies experience to the best use possible.
SKILLS AND QUALIFICATIONS

 Able to manage time effectively.
 Competent at managing responsibilities in a high-volume atmosphere.
 Hard worker, fast learner, and ability to assume responsibility.
 Enthusiastic, dependable, and self-motivated.
2018- Present
Scholarship SM Foundation Inc.

2018- Present
Secondary Tagaytay City Science National High School (SHS)

Sungay West, Tagaytay City
2016-2018
Punta Integrated School (JHS)

Punta, Calamba City, Laguna
2012-2016
Age : 22 years old
Date of Birth : February 13, 1999
RCJPIA CAJPIA NFJPIA
Member Member Member
2018-Present 2018- Present 2018- Present
WORK EXPERIENCE
San Agustin II, Dasmarinas City,
Cavite 4114
2021- Present
ON THE JOB TRAINING
Accounting Staff
MABS Management
Consultancy Services
Km. 50 Aguinaldo Highway
Lalaan II, Silang, Cavite
2021
Planning and Development Office Staff

Municipality of Tagaytay City
Tagaytay City Hall Bldg.
Kaybagal South, Tagaytay City
2018
AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENTS:
Secondary With Honor

Tagaytay City Science National High School (SHS)
S.Y. 2017- 2018 to S.Y. 2016-018
With Honor
Punta Integrated School (JHS)
S.Y. 2012-2013 to S.Y. 2015-2016
Mr. Monico Natividad Brgy. Captain at Calabuso (+63) 930-918-2992

Mr. Zosimo Aala Tagaytay Police Officer (+63) 927-071-0161
Mrs. Glenda Callanta Rogationist Publication Adviser (+63) 932-512-7478
my knowledge.
ARLENE P. ORUA
Researcher

ORUAs GROUP Final Thesis Paper

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ORUAs GROUP Final Thesis Paper

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THE EFFECT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL

INCLINATION AMONG MILLENIALS: A BASIS FOR BUSINESS VENTURE

Several studies reported that entrepreneurship is one of the best weapons

researchers focused on determining the socioeconomic factors affecting the

of these factors could be applied as a basis for business venture competency

socioeconomic factors namely business advantages and disadvantages, and

business support from government do not affect the entrepreneurial inclination of

quality of business environment has significant positive impact on the

entrepreneurial inclination of the respondents.

Furthermore, the aforementioned factors that place positive effect on the

entrepreneurial inclination of the respondents was used as a foundation for the

creation of pamphlet which serves as a basis for business venture competency

as laborers for the Lord’s harvest.

The researchers would like to express their never-ending gratitude to their

researchers’ thesis journey.

To their respondents, the millennials currently residing in Tagaytay City and

related research materials in connection to their study.

will not have been possible. To God be Greatest Glory!

Approval Sheet iii

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 3

Significance of the Study 4

Scope and Limitations 5

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Respondents of the Study 18

Statistical Treatment of Data 21

Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 26

Chapter 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A Letter of Permission to Conduct the Study 53

B English Editing Certification Form 54

Table Particulars Page

1 Age of the Respondents 26

4 Mother’s Educational Attainment 28

6 Father’s Educational Attainment 30

9 Median-Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median-

10 Median-Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median-

11 Median-Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median-

12 Median-Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median-

13 Median-Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median-

14 Median-Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median-

15 Median-Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median-

16 Median-Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median-

17 Median-Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median-

19 Median-Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median-

20 Median-Entrepreneurial Propensity and Median-

Figure Particulars Page

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitations, conceptual framework

of the study and definition of terms.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Philippines is a developing country with a history of being a Third World

Human Development Index ratings, have weaknesses in nutrition, education, and

experienced a massive economic contraction of -9.57 percent due to contingent

events which has a great effect on its economic standing.

Moreover, Tagaytay City is an area that consequently experienced and

services which amounts to hundreds of millions of pesos as estimated (Cinco,

Likewise, to solve these problems, Kumar, K., (2018) mentioned on his

Entrepreneurship opens opportunities for new ventures, new business, new

alliances, and provides employment for more people. As some of entrepreneurs

capabilities, not just of qualifications alone.

Consequently, being an entrepreneur can be satisfying, exciting, and