GE 135 – FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING

Laboratory Exercise No. 3

DETERMINING AREA OF A RECTILINEAR FIELD BY TAPE

SECTION: TUVW1
GROUP NO.: 4
GROUP LEADER: Zapanta, Jonica Grace P.
GROUP MEMBERS:
1. Aray, Mechaella S.
2. Cavaneyro, Arjay T.
3. Juyno, Cyril B.
4. Mellijor, John Bhebs M.
5. Saplad, Jocel M.

OBJECTIVE/S:
o To learn how to measure horizontal angles with tape.
o To determine the area of a rectilinear field with tape.

FIELDNOTES:

Observed Chord Distance to determine the included angles

Included Chord Length of Computed
Correction Adjusted Angle
Angle Distance Side Angle

θ1 7.32m 42 ° 56' 17.79' ' 79 ° 39' 45.02' '

θ2 5.69m 33 ° 3 ' 28.54 ' ' 69 ° 46' 55.77 ' '
θ3 5.3m 10m 30 ° 44' 2.06 ' ' 36 ° 43' 27.24 ' ' 67 ° 27' 29.3 ' '
θ4 6.75m 39 ° 26 ' 57.36 ' ' 76 ° 10 ' 24.6 ' '
θ5 5.21m 30 ° 11 ' 58.07 ' ' 66 ° 55' 25.31 ' '

Observed Distance of the Sides of each Triangle

Sides Adjusted
Triangle Area
1st 2nd Angle
 ABF 16m 17m 79 ° 39' 45.02' ' 133.79 m 2
BCF 17m 19m 69 ° 46' 55.77 ' ' 151.55 m 2
CDF 19m 16m 67 ° 27' 29.3 ' ' 140.39m2
DEF 16m 17m 76 ° 10 ' 24.6 ' ' 132.06 m 2
AEF 17m 16m 66 ° 55' 25.31 ' ' 125.12 m2
∑ ¿682.91 m2

COMPUTATIONS:

COMPUTED ANGLE

sin ( θ2 )=( d2 )÷ L
DERIVED FORMULA

d
θ
[ ( )]
¿ 2 sin −1
2
L

COMPUTED ANGLES:

−1 7.32 m
[ (
θ1¿ 2 sin 2 )
÷ 10 m
]
¿ 2 [ sin−1 ( 3.66 m) ÷ 10 m ]

θ1¿ 42 ° 5 6 ' 17.79

−1 5.69 m
[ (
θ2¿ 2 sin 2 )
÷ 10 m
] Laboratory Exercise No. 3
¿ 2 [ sin−1 ( 2.845 m) ÷ 10 m]
 θ2¿ 33 ° 3 ' 28.54

−1 5.3 m
[ ( ) ]
θ3¿ 2 sin 2
÷ 10 m

¿ 2 [ sin−1 ( 2.65 m) ÷ 10 m]

θ3¿ 30 ° 4 4 ' 2.06 ' '

−1 6.75 m
[ (
θ4¿ 2 sin 2
÷10 m ) ]
¿ 2 [ sin−1 ( 3.375 m) ÷10 m ]

θ4¿ 39 ° 2 6' 57.36' '

−1 5.12 m
[ (
θ5¿ 2 sin 2
÷ 10 m) ]
¿ 2 [ sin−1 ( 2.605 ) ÷ 10 m ]

θ5¿ 30 ° 1 1' 58.07 ' '

DISCREPANCY:

∑ θ=¿ ¿ θ1 + θ2 + θ3 + θ4 + θ5
¿ 42 ° 5 6 ' 17,79' ' +33 ° 3' 28.54 '' +30 ° 4 4' 2.06 '' +39 °26 ' 57.36' ' + 30° 11' 07 ' '
∑ θ=¿ 176 ° 22' 43.82 ' '

Discrepancy = expected correct sum - sum of the observed value ( ∑

Laboratory θ)
Exercise No. 3
 ¿ 360 °−176 ° 22' 43.82 ' '

discrepancy=183 ° 37 ' 16.18 ' '

Correction:
discrepancy
correction= where n = 5
n

183° 37' 16.18 ' '

¿
5
correction=36 ° 43' 27.24 ' '

ADJUSTED VALUE

θ1’¿ θ1 +correction
¿ 42 ° 56 ' 17.79 + 36 ° {43} ^ {'} 27.24'
'
θ1 ’=79° 39 45.02' '

θ2’¿ θ1 +correction
¿ 33 ° 3 ' 28.54 + 36 ° {43} ^ {'} 27.24'
θ2 ’=69 ° 46' 55.77 ' '

θ3’¿ θ1 +correction
¿ 30 ° 4 4 ' 2.0 6 ' ' +36 ° 43' 27.24 ' '
θ3 ’=67 ° 27 ' 29.3 ' '

θ4’¿ θ1 +correction
¿ 39 ° 2 6' 57.36' ' +36 ° 43' 27.24 ' '
θ 4 ’=76 ° 10' 24.6 ' '

θ5’¿ θ1 +correction
¿ 30 ° 1 1' 58.07 ' ' +36 ° 43 ' 27.24 ' '
θ5 ’=66 ° 55 ' 25.31' '
Laboratory Exercise No. 3
AREA:

1
area= ( a ) ( b ) sinC
2

1
ABF= ¿
2

1
¿ ( 272 m2 ) ( 0.983767818)
2

ABF=133.79 m2

1
BCF= ¿
2

1
¿ (323 m 2)( 0.938385452)
2

BCF=151.55 m2

1
CDF= ¿
2

1
¿ (304 m2 )(0.923599692)
2

CDF=¿140.39m2
1
¿= ¿
2

1
¿ (272 m 2)(0.971023851)
2

¿=132.06 m2

Laboratory Exercise No. 3

 1
AEF= ¿
2

1
¿ (272 m 2)(0.919979886)
2

AEF=125.12 m 2

SUM OF THE AREA

A T = A1 + A 2 + A 3 + A 4 + A 5

= 133.79 m 2+151.55 m 2 +140.39 m2 +132.06 m 2+ 125,12m 2

= 682.91m2

LABORATORY REPORT:
● Introduction

One of the fundamentals of surveying is the need to measure distance. A

rectilinear figure, by definition, is a shape or figure whose sides meet at right angles.
When measuring a rectilinear field by taping, measuring tape, chain and compass are
used to measure the sides and the angles, respectively. It does a lot of complicated
and time-consuming tasks due to some unavoidable errors in the midst of measuring
distances by taping. Also, no measurement is exact; thus, every measurement
contains errors, and the true value is never known. Some corrections are applied to
the original measurements to determine the correct and more accurate length. In this
laboratory exercise, we will determine the computed angle and the corrections to be
applied to it, the adjusted angle, and the area of each angle using the provided field
notes. After determining the said measurements, we will solve for the area or the
quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape in the plane.

● Results
Laboratory Exercise No. 3
 In the first table, the value of chord distance and length of the side of the
triangles are given; having these values, we first compute the included angles of each
triangle using the trigonometric function, sin theta/2=(d/2)/L, and then we derived
the formula into theta= 2[sin¯¹(d/2/10)]. The answers are then converted into degrees
- minute - seconds (DMS) using the calculator or manually solving it. After that, we
added all the computed angles, and the sum was 176°37'43.82". To get the final
answer of a discrepancy, we subtract it to 360°00'00'', the result is 183°37'16.18''. Then,
we get the correction by dividing the discrepancy and the number of angles. The
formula is discrepancy/n, the answer of this formula will be used later for correcting
the computed angles, and we'll get the adjusted angles. We subtracted the expected
correct sum from the sum of the computed angle and then divided it by 5 (total
number of included angles), and the correction was 36°43'27.24". Then we add the
correction PA Laboratory Exercise No. 3 to each computed angle and determine their
adjusted angle. In the second table, the two measured sides of each triangle are
already given, and we previously computed the adjusted angle in the first table. And
now we have all the necessary values, we then compute the area of each triangle
using the formula A= (1/2) (a) (b) Sin C. For the triangle ABF, the area was 133. 79m²,
for the BCF, the area was 151.55 m², then the area of the CDF was 140.39 m², the area
of the DEF was 132.06 m², and lastly, for the triangle AEF, the area was 125.12 m². We
compute all of the areas and get the rectilinear field's total area using the formula,
AT= A1+A2+A3+A4+A5. The overall sum of the areas is 682.91m².

● Conclusion

To determine the horizontal angles with tape, the obtained chord distance
must be divided by two over the measured length of the side followed by an inverse
sin and the result will be multiplied to two, as to what the formula suggests. In
calculating the correction, the difference must be obtained in a way of determining
the differences of the sum of the computed angles minus the total angle divided by
the number of angles. To determine the adjusted angle, the sum of the computed
angle and correction is applied. It was observed that the total of the adjusted angle is
360° which implies that the computation is precise. Additionally, to determine the
area of a rectilinear field with tape, half of the two measured sides of the triangle
were multiplied to the sin of adjusted angle.

Laboratory Exercise No. 3

DOCUMENTATION:

Laboratory Exercise No. 3