1. Download a research article on the topic about new technology related to drug administration from ScienceDirect.

Submit
a 200-300-word essay reflection.

Non-invasive intranasal administration route directly to the brain using dendrimer nanoplatforms:
An opportunity to develop new CNS drugs

The delivery of therapeutics to the brain remains one of the most challenging assignments due to the anatomical
and physiological aspects of the BBB, which limit the transfer of the majority of drugs (mostly hydrophilic
compounds) that are transported from the vascular compartment to brain tissue. The blood-brain barrier (BBB)
prevents most drugs from passing through and reaching the central nervous system that results in untreated
neurological diseases. Nanocarriers have been developed to deliver drugs to the brain in order to avoid this
effect. Importantly, intranasal (IN) administration allows drugs to be delivered directly to the brain via the
anatomical connection between the nasal cavity and the brain, bypassing the BBB that prevents drugs from
passing through the CNS. Intraparenchymal, intraventricular, and subarachnoid injections are all options for
getting drugs into the brain however dendrimers may have a lot of potential in treating CNS diseases because
they can deliver drugs to the brain through IN administration, by bypassing the BBB and reducing systemic side
effects. The main advantage of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are tunable nanoparticles for drug
targeting, whether active or passive; sustained controlled release of the drug in targeted tissues or cells, and
greater water solubility for adequate bioavailability and biocompatibility. Intranasal administration of drug
delivery represents an attractive route that quickly and accurately accesses the brain, and it can enhance patient
compliance regarding the administration of CNS drugs. As a non-invasive technique, the nose-to-brain delivery
strategy is a cost-effective option for delivering drugs directly to the brain. The main advantages of IN
administration are as follows: non-invasive route; absence of hepatic first-pass metabolism; quick onset of
action; improvement of drug availability; and convenient route. whereas the limitations are as follows:
histological toxicity; nasal irritation, and local side effects. Nevertheless, clinical application of IN formulations
remains a long way to develop.

Mignani, S., Shi, X., Karpus, A., & Majoral, J.-P. (2020, October 11). Non-invasive intranasal administration route directly to the brain using
Dendrimer nanoplatforms: An opportunity to develop new CNS drugs. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Retrieved December 8, 2021, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0223523420308771.

2. List and comment on some Filipino cultures, values and practices related to drug administration that you might
encountered during your duty in non- pathologic and pathologic maternal nursing. (100-200 words)

One of the most common Filipino cultures that is related to drug administration that we can note is seeking help from faith
healers. This is because of the lack of medical support that most Filipinos experience. They often resort to faith healers to
be able to temporarily ease their sufferings. When talking about non-pathological/pathological maternal nursing, here are
some of the popular beliefs, cultures, values, and practices related to drug administration:

1.) “hilot or manghihilot” so what is a manghihilot a “hilot” or a traditional birth attendant, is known in the
community as a quasi-midwife assisting mothers in their birth deliveries, usually at home. They have no formal training;
they first observe, then assist, and later would progress to the actual handling of the stages of giving birth.
2.) “Suob sa buntis” The idea of soaking your body in the warmth of a sauna to relieve back aches and other pregnancy-
related discomforts may sound soothing and enjoyable. However, you should be aware of the risks to you and your unborn
child. Babies are unable to regulate their body temperature while in the womb. This means they won't be able to stand the
intense heat of a sauna. Some babies develop brain and/or spinal cord complications from exposure to high temperatures.
3.) “Aromatherapy” Most medical experts agree that aromatherapy is a safer alternative to topical applications for
pregnant women. Instead of applying essential oils to your skin, you should diffuse them.

Estrada, Aaron Charles P.

BSN 2-A-3