THE PAPER

POETRY

“ELEMENTS AND FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN POETIC LANGUAGE”

Created By:

(Group 4)

1. Tasya Astri Nofebrian (20040061)

2. Elsa Putri Rivado (20040057)

3. Shafa Zata Zahirah (20040053)

4.Duta Elan Satria (20040066)

5. Fadilla Julya Putri (20040067)

6. Putri Amanda Wulandari (20040056)

Accompanied By a Lecturer : Melati Theresia,S.S.,M.Hum

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

UNIVERSITAS PGRI SUMATERA BARAT

(UPGRISBA)
 PREFACE.

Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullaahi Wabarakaatuh.

We thank god almighty Allah S.W.T for his mercy the writer can finish th
is paper “ELEMENTS AND FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN POETIC
LANGUAGE” in time. As for the purpose of The writing of this paper is
to fulfill lecturer’s duty on a subject Literature. In addition, the paper is al
so intended for Adding insight into the literary world to readers as well as
to writers. We thank Mrs. Melati Theresia,S.S.,M.Hum as Literature prof
essors who had given this assignment so we can add knowledge and insig
ht to a greater knowledge of literature and the Figurative Of Speech elem
ents there in.

We It hopes that it will actually give knowledge of the literary world to re

aders who are unfamiliar with the word or who want to engage in the liter
ary world in order to know what the elements are so that we can explain t
hem in detail love to all who have helped complete this paper. This paper
far from perfect. To that end, input and advice from advisers, readers and
students we hope for the perfection of this paper.

Wasalam’mualaikum Warahmatullaahi wabarakaatuh.

Padang, 26 September 2021.

TEAM 4
 Table of Contents.

PREFACE

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the paper

B. Problem formulation
C. Purpose of the paper

CHAPTER II

THEORY AND DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Figure of Speech

B. Parts Of Figurative Languages.
1.1 Euphemism
1.2 Antithesis
1.3 Paradox

CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion

REFERENCES
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background Of The Paper

Language is medium of cooperation on the relationship with others in

line with the language function. Trudgil (1997: 14) states that
language is simply a means of communicating about the weathers
or other subjects, and it is very important means of establishing and
maintaining relationship with others.

Language has many functions, namely, for transferring ideas, sending

and receiving information. Language as a means of communication
is very important in people's daily life. Language people can
interact and express their ideas. emotion as well as a desire to each
other. Language is the main element in making a writing in the
language, which shows their experience, and with that language
people can feel experience just like what the writer of the news
feed too. So, by language in the newspaper the communication can
be created. Basically, the function of language is to know and
understand other people ideas. Chaika (1982) states the language
and society are so intertwined and it is impossible to understand
one without another. There are two kinds of language, spoken
language and written languages. Spoken language is an utterance
which is formed from sound, such as conversation, speech,
storytelling, discussion, radio.television broadcast, and etc. While
written language is an utterance which is formed in the written
form, such as novels, comics newspaper, magazines, letters, books,
journals, and etc.

Figurative Language is using words to imply another meaning. In

other words, figurative language is language style used by people
to communicate. It can be written or oral language. Figurative
language is a persuasive language.

Persuasive language is used for many reasons, for example, to help, to

sell products or services to convince people or to accept a view or
idea. Perrine (1992:61) stated that it is another way of adding an
extra dimension to language, which can attract the reader's
 attention. Thus, the use of figurative language can be used to attract
the attention of the reader. Some literary devices such as similes.
metaphors, and personification can help create word pictures for
the reader.

B. Problem Formulation

Based on the background of the issues outlined above, the issues raised ar
e:
1. What is Figure Of Speech ?
2. What Is Different of Euphemism, Antithesis and Paradox ?
3. Why is Figure of Speech so important in Poetic Language ?

C.Purpose of The Paper.

1. Knowing what a Figure Of Speech
2. Knowing the importance Of Figure Of Speech In Poetic Language
3. Adding insight into the Figure Of Speech to apply to everyday stud
y
 CHAPTER II
THEORY AND DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Figure of Speech.

Figure of speech is a figurative expression commonly used in both
written and oral literacy. Figure of speech is commonly used to beautify
words in poetry, rhyme and prose.
However, not only those three, figure of speech is also often used on
greeting cards, slogans, mottos and others.
In other words, figure of speesh has its own function of figure of speech
is to replace some sentences to make it more beautiful and interesting.
In figure of speech and figure of speech, the sentences written sometimes
do not contain literal meaning but only as expressions

B. Parts Of Figurative Languages.

1.4 Euphemism
Euphemisms are polite expressions used over words or phrases that mi
ght be considered rude or unpleasant to hear. Euphemisms are used
regularly, and there are many examples of using euphemisms in ev
eryday language.
Reasons for using euphemisms vary by context and intent. Commonly,
euphemisms are used to avoid directly addressing subjects that
might be deemed negative or embarrassing,

Euphemism is a useful literary device for writers. This figure of

speech allows a writer to address potentially sensitive, offensive, or
unpleasant subjects in a more delicate or less damaging manner
than literal words or phrasings would be. In addition, euphemisms
can add to the poetic nature of writing as a means of describing
something in a more figurative manner. They can also elevate a
writer’s prose.

It’s important for writers to understand that overuse of euphemism can

be confusing and lose their meanings for readers. In addition,
depending on the tone of a written work, euphemisms can actually
 be more crass, unpleasant, or offensive than direct and literal
wording. Therefore, euphemism should be carefully and
appropriately selected by writers in order to be effective.

Type Of Euphemism :
 To Soften Expression
Some euphemisms are used to make an otherwise less-than-pleasant
truth appear softer.
Examples of euphemisms that fall into this category include:
a) Using Passed away instead of died to declare death
b) Using Correctional facility instead of jail to declare prison
c) Using Departed instead of died to declare death
d) Using Differently-abled instead of handicapped or disabled to declare
disability.
e) Using Fell off the back of a truck instead of stolen to declare stolen
f) Using Ethnic cleansing instead of genocide to declare Tribe
g) Using Turn a trick instead of engage in prostitution to declare
prostitution.
h) Using Negative patient outcome instead of dead to declare death.
i) Using Relocation center instead of prison camp to declare prison
j) Using collateral damage instead of accidental deaths to declare
murder
k) Using Letting someone go instead of firing someone to say fired
l) Using Put to sleep instead of euthanize to express rape
m) Using Pregnancy termination instead of abortion to declare abortion
n) Using On the streets instead of homeless to express bum

 Euphemisms That Used To Be Polite

Other euphemisms are used to replace words or phrases that you might
not want to say in the polite form.
Examples of euphemisms that fall into this category include:
a) Using Adult entertainment instead of pornography to declare
pornography
b) Using Adult beverages instead of beer or liquor to express liquor
c) Using Au natural instead of naked to express naked
d) Using Big-boned instead of heavy or overweight to express obesity
e) Using Portly instead of heavy or overweight to express obesity
f) Using Chronologically-challenged instead of late to express late
g) Using Comfort woman instead of prostitute to declare prostitute
h) Using Use the rest room instead of go to the bathroom to denote a
bathroom
i) Using Break wind instead of gas pass to fart
j) Using Economical with the truth rather than wild to declare a liar
k) Using Powder your nose instead of using the rest room to denote the
bathroom
l) Using Between jobs instead of unemployment to express
unemployment
m) Using Go all the way instead of having sex to express sex
n) Using Domestic engineer instead of maid to denote maid
o) Using Sanitation engineer instead of garbage man to declare garbage
man
p) Using Vertically-challenged instead of short to express short

 Euphemisms That Used to Be Disrespectful

In some cases, euphemisms are intentionally made more disgusting or
less pleasant to say something. It is usually used when people are
sarcastic or trying to explain a subject.
a) Using Bit the big one instead of died to declare death
b) Using Bit the farm instead of dying to declare death
c) Using Cement shoes instead of dead to declare death
d) Using Bit the dust instead of died to declare death
e) Using Croaked instead of dead to declare death
f) Using Kick the bucket instead of die to declare death
g) Using Blow chunks instead of vomited to express vomit

1.5 Antithesis

Antithesis is a figure of speech that contains contradictory ideas by usi

ng contradictory words or groups of words in one sentence. Antithe
sis can compare two things that have different meanings.
Simply put, the sun can be said to be the antithesis of the moon, and vi
ce versa. The word "old" can be the antithesis of the word "young"
and so on. But keep in mind that what is contrasted is "idea", so thi
s means that the Antithesis does not always have to be in the form
of a word, but can be something bigger, such as a phrase or clause.

Examples of Antithesis in Everyday Speech

Antithesis is often used in everyday speech as a means of conveying

opposing ideas in a concise and expressive way. Since antithesis is
intended to be figure of speech, such statements are not meant to be
understood in a literal manner. Here are some examples of antithesis used
in everyday speech:
  Go big or go home.
 Spicy food is heaven on the tongue but hell in the tummy.
 Those who can, do; those who can’t do, teach.
 Get busy living or get busy dying.
 Speech is silver but silence is gold.
 No pain, no gain.
 It’s not show friends; it’s show business.
 No guts, no glory.
 A moment on the lips; a lifetime on the hips.
 If you fail to plan, then you plan to fail.

Another Example :

 Young and old, big and small joined to enliven the party.
 Rich poor, beautiful ugly, smart stupid all the same in the eyes of G
od.
 All of his father's kindness is repaid with his bad nature
 A moment on the lips; a lifetime on the hips

1.6 Paradox
A paradox is a figure of speech in which a statement appears to contradict
itself. This type of statement can be described as paradoxical. A
compressed paradox comprised of just a few words is called an
oxymoron. This term comes from the Greek paradoxa, meaning
"incredible, contrary to opinion or expectation."
According to the Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, paradoxes are "mostly used
for expressing astonishment or disbelief at something unusual or
unexpected" in everyday communication (Sloane 2001).

Some additional key details about paradox:

 People often use the word paradox simply to express their astonish
ment at something unexpected or enigmatic, but this is a misuse of the
word.
 In the study of logic, paradoxes have a slightly different meaning t
han the one we cover in this entry. Logical paradoxes are statements th
at actually do contradict themselves, and are therefore unresolvable.
Common Examples of Paradox
There are many common examples of paradox in everyday conversation
and writing. Here are some well-known and familiar uses of this literary
device:

 less is more
 do the thing you think you cannot do
 you’re damned if you do and damned if you don’t
 the enemy of my enemy is my friend
 the beginning of the end
 if you don’t risk anything, you risk everything
 earn money by spending it
 nobody can make you feel inferior without your consent
 The Pen is Mightier Than the Sword
 the more you give, the more you get
 living in the present for the future

a) Characteristics of Paradox
The following are some of the characteristics of paradoxical figure of
speech, consisting of:
1. Two Different Contexts in One Sentence
As in the explanation, this majo has two components that are
contradictory (different), if you only read the written description, but
it is rather difficult to group the sentences into a paradoxical form.

2. Two Different Contexts Lead to One Truth

To form sentences using paradoxical expressions, it does not mean that
the writer only needs to pair two words that have opposite meanings.
The next condition is the harmony of word combinations to refer to
the same truth meaning.
Two contradicting words are loneliness and crowd. Although at first
glance these two words do not support each other, there is one
meaning that can be taken, namely: being in a crowd does not make
everyone feel like they have friends.

b) The Purpose of Paradox

The purpose of this figure of speech is to express an opinion
about something you don't like, this is a subtle way to
rebuke others without giving the impression of being
 arrogant. So, this style of language is often found in print
media such as tabloids, magazines or newspapers. In
addition, the paradoxical form is also used as an argument.

C) Literary Paradox vs. Logical Paradox

Literary paradox is distinct from logical paradox, in which the
meaning of a statement is contradictory in a way that cannot be
resolved into sense-making. Here are the differences between
literary and logical paradox in more detail:
Initially: Literary paradoxes often seem unresolvable, while logical
paradoxes often don't immediately seem contradictory.
Upon further examination: While further thought leads to literary
paradoxes resolving in a way that reveals a deeper truth, further
examination reveals a logical paradox to be so thoroughly self-
contradictory that it defeats its own meaning (instead of revealing
an unexpected meaning based on how the language is interpreted).
The classic example of logical paradox is the statement "This
statement is false." The statement is logically impossible to
resolve: if the statement is true, then it is false; and if the statement
is false, then it is true.
Put more broadly: rather than using language figuratively to construct
a new and unexpected meaning (as in literary paradox), logical
paradox actually uses language nonsensically to create the
appearance of meaning which upon further review is revealed as
hopelessly contradictory and therefore lacking.
 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

A. CONLUSION
figure of speech/figurative language is a style of language used by the
writer/speaker to convey a message imaginatively and figuratively which
aims to make the reader/listener get a certain effect from the style of
language used.Figurative language is the use of the richness of language,
the use of a certain variety to obtain certain effects, the overall
characteristics of the language of a group of literary writers and the
distinctive way of expressing thoughts and feelings both orally and in
writing. In addition, figurative language is a language expression
technique, a style of discussion whose meaning does not refer to the
literal meaning of supporting words, but to the added meaning, the
implied meaning. Figurative language is often used in literary languages
such as poetry, drama, theater, and song lyrics. Because figurative
language is a language expression technique, actually figurative language
is often used to represent the feelings and thoughts of the author, writer or
speaker who uses the figurative language. Usually, figurative language is
not actually figurative or connotative. Figurative language is also a way
to involve readers/listeners to be more creative in interpreting the words
and writings that we convey as well as possible. Although the type of
figurative language is often debated, but as a writer or speaker at least we
must know the type of figurative language in general. The types of
figurative language in general are as follows: Euphemism, Antithesis and
Paradox.
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