Automatic Transfer Switch with Auxiliary Power System

for Cadet Hostel

Hein Htet Aung
Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Defence Services Technological Academy, Myanmar
Abstract - This paper focus on the development of
auxiliary power system that allow user to use electric power
without breaking. The main objective is to design a simple,
reliable and cost effective system using control theory, basic
electrical calculation and electrical appliances. . The
system adapts serial connection of the cables with electrical
appliances from grid power system and auxiliary power
system. Generally, module case circuit breaker (MCCB)
and miniature circuit breaker (MCB) are used for short
circuit protection in this system. To receive power demand The total lighting power demand for this hostel is about
enough for five-storey cadet hostel, suitable batteries, 9275 W. When there is no power on the national grid,
battery chargers and inverters are used in auxiliary power
system.

Keywords –Battery, inverter/charger, automatic transfer

switch, connection cable, circuit breaker.

I .INTRODUCTION

Auxiliary power supply system plays as an vital

role in the developing countries. When the grid power is
shut down due to environmental effects and human
errors, auxiliary power is needed. According to the
power system of Myanmar, backup power systems are this power is used for a limit time. This period is 12
the most essential requirement to the vital areas such as hours that is 6 hours per day for two days.
hospitals, control stations, power transmission
substations, airports etc.

Fig. 1 Backup power system

Fig. 2 Backup power system for lighting load

The elementary unit for backup power system are as

follows:
There are many technologies for backup power 1. Loads(total power demand)
system. They are generator used backup power system,
solar power used backup power system, bioenergy used 2. Electrical appliances(cable and circuit breaker)
backup power system, wind power used backup power
3. Auxiliary power supply
system and grid power charging backup power
system.For lighting power system in residuals zones, 4. Automatic transfer switch
grid power charging backup power system is most useful
than other systems because this system is economic and
without manual operation. As the result of this project,
cadets can use lightning power at a limit time that is 24
hours without grid power. (a) (b)

Fig. 3 (a) 25 W bulb

(b) 40 W lamp
II.AUXILIARY POWER SYSTEM (OR) BACKUP POWER
SYSTEM

In this paper, auxiliary power system is used for

lighting in cadet hostel. The cadet hostel (Myin Saing) is
located in Bayint Naung Batallium and have five-storey.
 III. TOTAL POWER DEMAND
Fig. 4 Power distribution in cadet hostel
The power of bulb used in cadet hostel
The power of lump used in cadet hostel
Fig. 5 Power distribution for each feeder
Total power demand for first-floor
Total power demand for second-floor
Total power demand for third-floor
Total power demand for fourth-floor
Total power demand for fifth-floor
Total power demand for the hole hostel
This magnitude is large for single phase in
hostel installation. So, these power is equally divided
into three phase according to each feeder.
Power demand for R-phase = 3090 W
Power demand for Y-phase = 3130 W
Power demand for B-phase = 3055 W
Fig. 6Equivalent power for each phase
IV. CABLE SIZING AND SELECTION
= 25 W
To meet various electrical and environmental
= 40 W operating conditions, multitude types of cable which are
available for incorporation in the low voltage system are
required. Environmental conditions may require cables
which are capable of operation in the presence of water
or moisture, or when subjected to fire risk, or in
extremes of temperature. If the environment is such that
the cable is subjected to such hazards, cables should be
selected with appropriate insulation and sheathing
materials. The commonly used low-voltage cables are as
follows :
(1)Non-armoured pvc-insulated cables installed in
conduits and trunking systems for internal wiring.
(2)Non-armoured pvc-insulated and pvc-sheathed cables
for generalindoor use, particularly in domestic and
commercial installations.
= 1875 W (3)Armoured pvc-insulated cables for mains and sub-
mains applications(i.e. utility’s low-voltage circuits
= 1845 W buried underground).
= 1845 W (4) Fire resistant cables or mineral insulated metal
sheathed cables used in areas of extreme temperatures
or for circuits supplied to firefighting equipment.
= 1845 W
(5)Heat, oil and flame retardant cables are intended for
= 1845 W use in severe conditions : examples of these are csp
= 9275 W (chlorosulphinatedpolyethylene) and
pcp(polycholoroprene) sheathed cables.
In this paper, type (1) cable is used that it is
non-armoured pvc-insulated cables installed in conduits
and trunking systems for internal wiring. For choosing
suitable cable size, the following equations are used.
P=VIcosθ (1)
Where,
P = power (W)
V = voltage (V)
I = current (A)
cos ɵ = power factor I n= 2 A (MCB selection)
In I t=5.319 A
I t= (2)
C a × C g × Ci ×C d
1 mm2 cable is used.
Where,
For ladder lighting feeder in first floor (175 W),
It = totalcurrent
I b=0.895 A
In = nominalcurrent(from circuit breaker selection)
I n= 1 A (MCB selection)
Ca = correction factor ambient temperature

Cg = correction factor for group I t=2.659 A

Ci = correction factor for thermal insulation 1 mm2 cable is used.

Cd = correction factor depend on protective Cable size for R-phase,

For corridor lighting feeder (150 W), P = 3090 W

P=VIcosθ I b=15.81 A

V = 230 V, I n= 20 A (MCCB selection)

power factor = 0.85 I t=53.19 A
P
I b= 16 mm2 cable is used.
V cosθ
Cable size for Y-phase,
I b=0.767 A
P = 3130 W
I n= 1 A (MCB selection)
I b=16.01 A
In
I t= I n= 20 A (MCCB selection)
C a × C g × Ci ×C d
I t=53.19 A
C a=0.94
16 mm2 cable is used.
C g= 0.8
Cable size for B-phase,
C i=0.5
P = 3055 W
C d=1 I b=15.62 A
I t=2.659 A I n= 20 A (MCCB selection)
1 mm2 cable is used.
I t=53.19 A
For ladder lighting feeder (125 W),
16 mm2 cable is used.
I b=0.639 A TABLE .1

I n= 1 A (MCB selection) CABLE SIZING AND SELECTION TABLE

I t=2.659 A
1 mm2 cable is used.

For room lighting feeder (280 W),

I b=1.432 A
 Fig. 8 Molded case circuit breaker ( MCCB)

From this table,

(1/.044) cable size is used for each feeder.

(7/.064) cable size is used for each phase.

V. CIRCUIT BREAKER SELECTION

Miniature circuit breaker(MCB) or Molded case

circuit breaker(MCCB) are widely used in electrical
distribution and installation system for ON/OFF
Fig. 9 Installation of MCB and MCCB for loads
electrical supply and it also give over current and short
circuit protection. Some parameters are important for the VI. AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
selection of circuit breaker. The function of auxiliary power supply system
is to store energy when it is not necessary the backup
Following specification are required to select power by the load. If there is necessary to use backup
appropriate MCB /MCCB. power, it produce the power again from it. Usually, the
auxiliary power system has two main components:
1. Current Related
A. Battery
2. Voltage Related B. Inverter/charger
3. Application Types
4. Accessories
5. Protection Types
6. Other

For lighting load , MCB (2 A)and MCB (1A) is used for

each feeder.

Fig. 10 Components of auxiliary power system

A . Battery

One of the most popular methods of energy storage is

Fig. 7 Miniature circuit breaker(MCB)
For R,Y,B phases, MCCB (32 A) is used for each phase.
the implementation of batteries, which make use of the
electrochemical process, whereby an electrochemical
cell, containing a cathode and an anode, storeselectrical
energy and then releases it as and when required by the
consumer.

There are many key specifications of batteries

that determine the quality of storage. Some of the most
important of which are:

1. capacity
2. round-trip efficiency
3. self- discharge
4. lifetime and number of cycles
5. depth of discharge
 6. charge rate typical inverter system will be used, based on products
7. discharge rate and available on the market.
8. cost.

Total Ampere hour (Ah) calculation,

Total lighting power used in cadet hostel=9275 W

For using 2 days (6 hours/1 day) =9275×2×6

= 111300 W

Battery(assuming20% maximum discharge)= 111300×

1
0.2
= 556500 W

1
For inverter efficiency (85%) =556500×
0.85
= 654705.88 W

The 24 V battery bank is used. Fig. 12 Batteries in series /parallel connection

654705.88 For Y-phase, total power = 3130W

The required Ah is =
24
Apparent power = 3130/0.85
= 27279.4 Ah / 24 Vbattery bank
= 3682.35VA
It is nearly 28000 Ah.
For B-phase, total power = 3055 W
In this paper, (12 V,200 Ah) lead acid battery is used.
Apparent power = 3055/0.85

= 3594.12VA

Therefore, (24 V, 4000 VA) inverter is used.

Fig. 13 (24 V, 4000 VA) inverter

Fig(11)-12 V, 200 Ah Lead acid battery

For 28000 Ah , (12 V,200 Ah) lead acid batteries are

connected in series/parallel.

28000 Ah
Number of batteries =
100 Ah
= 280

Fig. 14 Inverter connection for each phase

B .Inverter/Charger

When using a battery in a residential renewable

energy system, it is necessary to have an AC/DC
inverter, as household appliances and other loads run on VII. AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH (ATS)
alternating current and battery systems require direct
current. For the simulations carried out for this thesis, a Used for switching power between the primary
(utility) and secondary (backup or supplemental) power
sources, Cummins automatic transfer switches feature
Power Command control technology for easy operation,
and a robust, high-contact-force design to withstand
thousands of switching cycles. A full line of standard
switches is available from 40 to 4,000 amps for the
entire range of power systems with common bus
communication language.
1. Open-transition transfer
2. Programmed-transition transfer
3. Closed-transition transfer
In this paper, open –transition transfer switch is used.
A. Open-transition transfer,
Break-before-makes witching action: The most
basic type of transfer; the connection to one source is
opened before the connection to the second source is
closed. The sync-check feature included in the open-
transition transfer control monitors both sources and
initiates the transfer—avoiding out-of-phase closing.
Fig. 15 Automatic transfer switch
Fig. 16Wiring diagram of ATS
VIII. CONCLUSION
The auxiliary power system is very useful
during rainy and stormy weather for cadet hostel,
especially in Cadet’s exam period. This system can be
upgraded to recharge with renewable energy such as
solar and wind energy. For the feature work, laptops and
phones will be charged by improving the components in
this system for all cadets.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to express thankful to
Lieuternant Colonel Min Zaw Thein, Head of
Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Defence
Services Technological Academy for giving the
permission to submit this paper. The author would like
to express grateful thank to his supervisor Captain Htike
Linn Aung, Assistant Lecturer, Department of Electrical
Power Engineering, Defence Services Technological
Academy for his accomplished guidance and helpful
suggestion. The author wishes to express his gratitude to
all persons who helped directly and indirectly towards
the successful completion of this paper.
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[3] Tervor Linsney, “Advanced Electrical Installation Work”, 5th
Education , 411 P
[4] Tervor Linsney, “Basic Electrical InstallationWork”, 4th
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(120 V/60 Hz) Lithium-Ion battery