Name Devika Shokeen

COURSE 3C BBA
TOPIC Transportation in India and United
Kingdom
 Transportation in India and United Kingdom

Introduction
Here I will be comparing the transportation between India and United Kingdom, how
they are different from one another and what one could learn from other and what
changes need to be brought in the working of these two.

India

India transport system

The key concepts in today’s world-economy derive their very existence Because of
the physical and electronic linkages developed by the technology there would be
neither a world market nor globalization nor liberalization without the existence of
reliable and robust means of transportation. In fact, in today's competitive market
the Prices are dictated to a large extent by the elements of logistics, e.g., long-haul
Transportation, local cartage, packaging, warehousing and handling at the
transportation Terminals. The transport constitutes the basic linkage between the
supply and demand Centers Therefore, it is very difficult to, Assess the 'demand' of
transportation at a given time as the same depends upon a large number of
unpredictable variables. Some of such variables may be enumerated as follows - the
availability of the raw-materials, the seasonality of the product, the Seasonality of
the demand, the quantitative volume of the requirement, distance between the
supply and demand canters, competition between the various available.

India Transport Sector

India’s transport sector is large and diverse; it caters to the needs of 1.1 billion
people. In 2007, the sector contributed about 5.5 percent to the nation’s GDP, with
road transportation contributing the lion’s share.

However, the sector has not been able to keep pace with rising demand and is
proving to be a drag on the economy. Major improvements in the sector are
required to support the country's continued economic growth and to reduce
poverty.

Roads. Roads are the dominant mode of transportation in India today. They carry
almost 90 percent of the country’s passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight.
However, most highways in India are narrow and congested with poor surface
quality, and 40 percent of India’s villages do not have access to all-weather roads.

Rural Roads- A Lifeline for Villages in India: Connecting Hinterland to Social Services
and markets

Ports India has 12 major and 187 minor and intermediate ports along its more than
7500 km long coastline. These ports serve the country’s growing foreign trade in
petroleum products, iron ore, and coal, as well as the increasing movement of
containers. Inland water transportation remains largely undeveloped despite India's
14,000 kilometers of navigable rivers and canals.

Key Government Strategies

India’s Eleventh Five Year Plan identifies various deficits in transport sector
which include inadequate roads/highways, old technology, saturated routes
and slow speed on railways, inadequate berths and rail/road connectivity at
ports and inadequate runways, aircraft handling capacity, parking space and
terminal building at airports. Government aims to modernize, expand, and
integrate the country's transport services. It also seeks to mobilize resources
for this purpose and to gradually shift the role of government from that of a
producer to an enabler. In recent years, the Government has made
substantial efforts to tackle the sector’s shortcomings and to reform its
transport institutions. These include: Increasing public funding for
transportation in its five Year Plans. Launching the ambitious National
Highway Development Program which has seven phases and is expected to
be completed by 2012. Accelerated Road Development Program for the
North East Region to provide road connectivity to all State capitals and
district headquarters in the region Financing the development and
maintenance of roads by creating a Central Road Fund through an
earmarked tax on diesel and petrol. Operationalizing the National Highway
Authority of India to act as an infrastructure procurer and not just provider.
Improving rural access by launching the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
Reducing the congestion on rail corridors along the highly trafficked Golden
Quadrilateral and improving port connectivity by launching the National Rail
Vikas Yojana The development of two Dedicated Freight Corridors from
Mumbai to Delhi and Ludhiana to Dankuni. Upgrading infrastructure and
connectivity in the country's twelve major ports by initiating the National
Maritime Development Program. Privatization and expansion of the Mumbai
and New Delhi Airports and development of new international airports at
Hyderabad and Bangalore.

The Delhi Metro

Is a rapid transit system serving Delhi, Gurgaon and Noida in the
National Capital Region of India. The network consists of six lines with a total
length of 189.63 kilometers with 142 stations of which 35 are underground.
It has a combination of elevated, at-grade and underground lines and uses
both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock.

Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
Limited (DMRC). As of November 2010, DMRC operates around 2,700 trips
daily between 6:00 and 23:00 running with an interval of 2.5 minutes
between trains at peak frequency. The trains have four coaches, but there
are plans to shift to six coach trains to increase capacity. The power output is
supplied by 25-kilovolt, 50 Hertz alternating current through overhead
catenary. The metro has an average daily ridership of 1.5 million commuters
and, as of August 2010, had carried over 1.25 billion commuters since its
inception.

Business background
DMRC was formed in May 1995 by the national and Delhi state governments
To provide a rail-based transport system that will alleviate Delhi’s
Ever growing transport congestion and vehicular pollution. The government
Of Japan has contributed more than half the cost of this project,
Through a soft loan disbursed by DMRC’s major funding agency, the
Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC).
Delhi’s metro rail system, to be constructed in four phases covering
245 kilometers, is scheduled to be finished in 2021. Today three functioning
Lines connect central Delhi to east, north, and southwest Delhi.
DMRC is responsible not only for construction of the system but
Also for its operation and maintenance. It has 450 personnel in its
construction
Department and 3,000 staff for system operation and maintenance.
Supply chain partners provide critical support, including labor, Machinery and
components, and maintenance services.

Construction
Physical construction work on the Delhi Metro started on October 1, 1998.
After the previous problems experienced by the Calcutta Metro, which was
badly delayed and 12 times over budget due to "political meddling, technical
problems and bureaucratic delays", the DMRC was given full powers to hire
people, decide on tenders and control funds. The DMRC then consulted the
Hong Kong MTR on rapid transit operation and construction techniques. As a
result, construction proceeded smoothly, except from one major
disagreement in 2000, where the Ministry of Railways forced the system to
use broad gauge despite the DMRC's preference for standard gauge.

The first line of the Delhi Metro was inaugurated by Atal Behari Vajpayee, the
then Prime Minister of India on December 24, 2002 and thus it became the
second underground rapid transit system in India, after the. The first phase
of the project was completed in 2006 on budget and almost three years
ahead of schedule, an achievement described by BusinessWeek as "nothing
short of a miracle"
Smart Card
For the convenience of customers, Delhi Metro commuters have three
choices for ticket purchase. The RFID tokens are valid only for a single
journey on the day of purchase and the value depends on the distance
travelled, with fares for a single journey ranging from 8 to 30 Fares are
calculated based on the origin and destination stations using a fare chart. A
common ticketing facility for commuters travelling on Delhi Transport
Corporation (DTC) buses and the Metro will be introduced in 2011. Travel
cards are available for longer durations and are most convenient for frequent
commuters. They are valid for one year from the date of purchase or the
date of last recharge

As the network has expanded, high ridership and technical snags in new
trains have led to increasing instances of overcrowding and delays on the
Delhi Metro. To alleviate the problem, orders for new coaches have been
placed and an increase in the frequency of trains has been proposed.
Infrequent, overcrowded and erratic feeder bus services connecting stations
to nearby localities have also been reported as an area of concern.

Transport in the United Kingdom

Transport in the United Kingdom is facilitated with well-developed road,

air, rail, and water networks. A radial road network totals 29,145 miles
(46,904 km) of main roads, 2,173 miles (3,497 km) of motorways and
213,750 miles (344,000 km) of paved roads. The National Rail network of
10,072 route miles (16,116 km) in Great Britain and 189 route miles (303
route km) in Northern Ireland carries over 18,000 passenger and 1,000
freight trains daily. Urban rail networks are also well developed in London,
Manchester, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Cardiff, Leeds and Liverpool.
Heathrow Airport is the world's third busiest international airport

Transport trends

In 1952 just 27% of distance travelled was by car or taxi; with 42% being by
bus or coach and 18% by rail. A further 11% was by bicycle and 3% by
motorcycle. The distance travelled by air was negligible.
By 2003 85% of distance travelled was by car or taxi; with just 6% being by
bus and 6% by rail. Air, pedal cycle and motorcycle accounted for roughly
1% each. In terms of journeys, slightly over 1 billion are made per annum by
main line rail, 1 billion by light rail, 4.5 billion by bus, and 21 million on
domestic air flights.

Passenger transport has grown significantly in recent years inside the UK has
risen from 403 billion passenger kilometers in 1970 to 797 billion in 2004.

In 2008, the Department for Transport stated that traffic congestion is one of
the most serious transport problems facing the UK According to the
government-sponsored Edenton report of 2006, bottleneck roads are in
serious danger of becoming so congested that it may damage the economy

Railways
The rail network in the United Kingdom consists of two independent parts,
that of Northern Ireland and that of Great Britain. Since 1994, the latter has
been connected to mainland Europe via the Channel Tunnel. The network of
Northern Ireland is connected to that of the Republic of Ireland. The National
Rail network of 10,072 miles in Great Britain and 189 route miles in Northern
Ireland carries over 18,000 passenger trains and 1,000 freight trains daily.
Urban rail networks are also well developed in London and several other
cities.

Roads
Road is the most popular method of transportation in the UK, carrying over
90% of motorized passenger travel and 65% of domestic freight. The major
motorways and trunk roads, many of which are dual carriageway, form the
trunk network which links all cities and major towns, these carry about one
third of the nation's traffic, and occupy about 0.16% of its land area
London Underground
The London Underground (also called the Tube) is a rapid transit system
serving a large part of Greater London and some parts of Buckinghamshire, Essex
and Hertfordshire in England. The London Underground is the oldest underground
railway in the world, with the first section being opened in 1863 on which are now
the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan line. In 1890 it became the first to
operate electric trains

The Underground serves 270 stations and has 402 kilometers of track, making it the
second longest metro system in the world after the Shanghai Metro. It also has one
of the highest numbers of stations. In 2007, more than one billion passenger
journeys were recorded making it the third busiest metro system in Europe after
Paris and Moscow

The nickname "the Tube" comes from the circular tube-like tunnels

through which the trains travel

The first underground railways

In 1855 an Act of Parliament was passed approving the construction of
an underground railway between Paddington Station and Farringdon Street via
King's Cross which was to be called the Metropolitan Railway. The Great Western
Railway (GWR) gave financial backing to the project when it was agreed that a
junction would be built linking the underground railway with their mainline terminus
at Paddington. GWR also agreed to design special trains for the new subterranean
railway.
Travelling

The Underground uses TfL's Travel card zones to calculate fares. Greater London is
divided into 6 zones; Zone 1 is the most central, with a boundary just beyond the
Circle line and Zone 6 is the outermost and includes London Heathrow Airport.
Stations on the Metropolitan line outside Greater London are in Zones There are
staffed ticket offices, some open for limited periods only, and ticket machines
usable at any time. Some ticket machines accept coins, notes and credit cards;
some accept coins only and some accept cards only.

In 2003, TfL introduced the Oyster card, a smartcard with an embedded contactless
RFID chip that travellers can charge with credit and use to pay for travel. They can
also be loaded with travel cards. Like paper travel cards, they can be used on the
Underground, the Over ground, buses, trams, the Docklands Light Railway and
National Rail services within London. The Underground is encouraging passengers
to use Oyster cards instead of Travel cards and cash by implementing significant
price differences, and hence the former are significantly cheaper.

Hours of operation

The Underground does not run 24 hours a day (except at New Year and major public
events – such as the Queen's Golden Jubilee in 2002 and the Opening and Closing
Ceremonies of the London Olympics in 2012) because most lines have only two
tracks (one in each direction) and therefore need to close at night for cleaning and
planned maintenance work. First trains start operating from approximately 04:45

London set to improve transport for 2012 Olympics

A high speed ‘Javelin’ train that will speed up journey times for visitors to the 2012
Olympics has been tested in London. The train took 30 minutes to get from St
Pancras station to Ashford in Kent, a journey that usually takes 80 minutes. The
Javelin train will act as a shuttle taking spectators from St Pancras station to the
Olympics site at Stratford in just seven minutes. It is part of a series of major
investments in London’s transport system in order to prepare for the influx of
visitors in 2012.

London aims to improve its public transport system and provide green alternatives
for 2012. Walking and cycling routes are being created in order to encourage
spectators to ‘stride or ride’ to the events in order to reduce s

Although the Olympic committee is focusing on green and low cost travel
alternatives the influx of people into London will also benefit other areas of the
transport industry. Taxi cabs and car hire companies are sure to benefit. Those who
offer car hire at Heathrow airport or a taxi ride out to the east end will no doubt see
a rise in customers.

TRANSFORMING TRANSPORT TO IMPROVE LONDONERS'

DAILY LIVES
The Mayor is committed to using his transport powers to improve the quality of life
of all Londoners.

'I WANT ALL LONDONERS TO KNOW THAT WE IN TRANSPORT FOR LONDON AND IN
CITY HALL ARE WORKING FLAT OUT TO KEEP OUR CITY MOVING.' Boris Johnson,
Mayor of London

Five challenges have been set in this area to make journeys smoother and more
pleasant.

IMPROVING THE JOURNEY EXPERIENCE

The Mayor will improve the quality of public transport services by raising standards
of cleanliness, reducing crowding, cooling the Tube where possible, and providing
more journey planning information.

Conclusion
In the end I will like to conclude that the major difference between united
kingdom and Indian transport system could be the tubes which is recently
build in India and which is built with the latest technique whereas that in the
united kingdom is old and ancient which was built in 1 centaury needs to be
replaced with the current circumstances as the world is changing globally
where as in considered to other transport such as road aviation railways
united kingdom is much more advanced in comparison to India. They have
better road facilities as compared to India and which helps in high speed
transportation of goods and services from one place to another with the least
amount of time involved they are developed in all aspects of transportation
in respect to India although they still lack somewhere which they need to
learn and upgrade their technology

Delhi metro is recently built with latest technology its far more efficient and better
than the London underground although it does not cover the same amount of
network which the London underground does , the coaches used in tubes are also
being replaced in the underground for the betterment of people where as in Delhi
they will have to add more coaches in order to deal with the overcrowding of the
customers and introduce better ticketing system to deal with customers properly
and try to solve the snag problem which occurs frequently. The London
underground needs to learn from Delhi metro and change a lot of things coaches
stations and things in order it has to maintain a 21 century system for its people, in
the end I can say Delhi metro is much better than London underground as it has
been recently built that London underground which was built 100 years ago and
changes are being brought in the underground slowly and slowly for the betterment
of people