UNIT 12

DESCRIBING PROCESS
By Hepy Adityarini, Siti Fatimah, and Muamaroh
LPIDB UMS_dilarang menggandakan materi tanpa ijin LPIDB UMS

A. How to make Pizza

1. Many people like to eat Pizza, but do you know how to make
it? Today on “You can cook!” you can learn how to make
delicious Pizza. It’s easy. It’s fun. You can do it.
2. To get started, check the list of ingredients. You need water,
sugar, yeast, olive oil, flour, and salt.
3. First, you need to make the dough. To make it, you just mix
everything together. Then you have to cover the dough and
wait one and a half hours.
4. Now, the second step is the fun part. You make the dough into
a big round circle. You push it, and pull it, and strecth it into a
circle.
5. Now you are ready to add the toppings: you can use slices of
sausage, diced onion, pieces of green pepper, chopped
mushrooms, shrimp, strips of chicken … whatever you like.
6. Then, you add cheese. Mozzarella cheese is good. Two cups of
cheese are about right. Sprinkle it on top.
7. The next step is the sauce. You spread some Pizza sauce, some
tomato sauce, onto the dough. Not a lot of sauce. Too much
sauce and the dough gets too wet.
8. Next, you bake it for about 20 minutes.
9. Finally, the pizza is ready! If it doesn’t work, don’t worry. You
can go out and get a slice of Pizza with your friends!

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B. Features of Describing process

The imperative
One common feature when describing a process, such as the
instructions for how to make a particular dish, is the use of the
imperative.

The imperative form is made by using the bare infinitive of the verb
(the infinitive without 'to'). Here are some examples from the
programme. The imperatives are in bold. Note that in these examples
there are no grammatical subjects

• "Use a minium of four eggs per omelette ...."

• "Heat the oil, not too much heat, just heat it ... "
• "Put just one tablespoon of water, not milk, in with the egg ..."
• "Mix the eggs up, just lightly beat them with a fork ... "
• "Pour that into the hot pan ... "

It is possible to use subjects when describing a process like this. The

subject most commonly used is 'you'. For example:

• You use a minimum of four eggs ...

• You heat the oil ...
• You put one tablespoon of water ....

Linking words
When giving a series of instructions it's more natural in speech and
writing to join the different instructions together with linking words.

There are many different linking words that can be used to describe a
sequence of instructions that are part of a process. Two very simple, but
commonly used ones are and and then. Here are some examples from
the omelette instructions.

• ... lightly beat the eggs then pour them into the pan ...

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 • ... Turn the heat down and then use your fork ...
• ... And then just put a knife underneath and flip the omelette
over ...

C. How to change a diaper

Write a suitable linking word or words in the gaps below

As we all know, every family buys diapers for their children. They buy
them to prevent dirty things from happening. Now I’m going to write
the steps for how to change one.
___________, buy diapers. Check the size carefully; it is important so
that nothing will leak out. ___________, you have to check if the
diaper needs to be changed. You can find that out by touch or by smell.
___________, if it needs to be changed, you should put the baby on a
flat area, like a table, so that nothing wrong will happen because
___________ you would have to clean everything up. ___________,
you have to wear a gas mask and gloves so you won’t have to smell or
feel anything and your stomach must be empty before opening the
diaper. ___________, take off the diaper. You should do that step
slowly so you won’t be shocked by the wonderful view. Remove the
awful remains and use lotion to clean the area. ___________, you have
done a miracle and now you are ready to put the new diaper on. Put it
on as quickly as possible, using tape or anything sticky to keep it
closed.
In summary, after completing this procedure, you must pray that you
won’t have to change another diaper for a day or so. If you follow these
steps, you will find it easy to change one.

D. Topics for in pair tasks:

1. How to get a good GPA (Grade Point Average)

2. How to install Facebook in your smart phone
3. How to get friend from abroad
4. How to be a good UMS student activist
5. How to enroll courses on line
6. How to cope with stress

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7. How to enroll in UMS
8. How to attract your admired girl/boy
9. How to get good score in speaking
10. How to improve your English vocabulary
11. How to find a good boarding house
12. How to shop online
13. How to make nasi goring
14. How to make guava juice
15. How to make driving license
16. How to make delicious ‘mendoan’
17. How to make ‘wedhang jahe’
18. How to search academic journal online
19. How to wear hijab/sarung properly
20. How to manage your pocket money
21. How to maintain good relationship with your lecturer
22. How to borrow books from UMS library
23. How to maintain friendship with your old frien