Code: 200112

Invigilator’s sign: ……………………….……. Checked by: …….…………..…………….

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Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Chemistry Teacher, Cell: 01675240922, 01853605525

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1. (a) Some metal ions can be detected using a flame test.

A flame test involves the following steps. These steps are not in the correct order.

1 hold the flame test wire in a Bunsen flame

2 dip the flame test wire into the substance

3 clean the flame test wire

What is the correct order of steps for a flame test? Put a cross (x) in the box next to your answer. (1)

(b) Tests for two ions are described and the observations given. Draw one straight line from each test to the ion it shows to be

present. (2)

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(c) Potassium nitrate contains potassium ions, K , and nitrate ions, NO3 . Give the formula of potassium nitrate. (1)

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(d) Copper sulfate solution is added to sodium carbonate solution. A green precipitate of copper carbonate is formed.

(i) Complete the word equation for this reaction. (1)

(ii) Describe how to obtain a pure, dry sample of solid copper carbonate from the mixture. (3)

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Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Chemistry Teacher, Cell: 01675240922, 01853605525

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(Total for Question 1 = 8 Marks)

2. (a) Explain, in terms of their structure, how metals conduct electricity. (2)

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(b) Oxygen is a simple molecular, covalent substance. The electronic configuration of an atom of oxygen is 2.6 .

Draw the dot and cross diagram of an oxygen molecule, O2. Show outer electrons only. (2)

(c) Potassium chloride is an ionic substance. The melting point of potassium chloride is 770 °C. Explain why potassium chloride

has such a high melting point. (2)

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(d) Graphite and diamond are forms of the element carbon. Diamond is used in cutting tools. Graphite is used as a lubricant

and in electrodes. Explain, using ideas about their structures, why diamond and graphite are suitable for these uses. You

may use diagrams to help you explain your answer. (5)

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Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Chemistry Teacher, Cell: 01675240922, 01853605525
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(Total for Question 2 = 11 Marks)

3. (a) Sulfur dioxide combines with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide in an exothermic reaction.

2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2SO3 (g)

The reaction can reach equilibrium. At 2 atmospheres pressure, 450°C and using a vanadium(V) oxide catalyst, the

equilibrium yield of sulfur trioxide, SO3, is 96%.

(i) When a temperature higher than 450°C is used, the equilibrium yield of sulfur trioxide decreases. All the other conditions

are unchanged. Explain why the equilibrium yield of sulfur trioxide decreases. (2)

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(ii) When a pressure higher than 2 atmospheres is used, the equilibrium yield of sulfur trioxide increases. All the other

conditions are unchanged. Explain why the equilibrium yield of sulfur trioxide increases. (2)

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(iii) Which of the following shows the effect of adding a catalyst on the rate of the forward reaction and on the rate of the

reverse reaction? Put a cross (x) in the box next to your answer. (1)

Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Chemistry Teacher, Cell: 01675240922, 01853605525

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(b) The equation for the complete combustion of ethane is

2C2H6 (g) + 7O2 (g) → 4CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l)

Which row of the table shows volumes of ethane and oxygen that react together and the volume of carbon dioxide they

produce when they react as shown in this equation? (All volumes of gases are measured under the same conditions of

temperature and pressure)

Put a cross (x) in the box next to your answer. (1)

(c) The reaction between a known mass of magnesium ribbon and excess dilute sulfuric acid can be used to determine the

volume occupied by one mole of hydrogen gas, H2, at room temperature and pressure.

Mg (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)

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In an experiment, 0.048 grams of magnesium formed 48 cm of hydrogen, at room temperature and pressure. Describe how

the apparatus below can be used to obtain these results, showing how the results can be used to find the volume occupied

by one mole of hydrogen gas, H2, at room temperature and pressure. (5)

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Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Chemistry Teacher, Cell: 01675240922, 01853605525

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(Total for Question 3 = 11 Marks)

4. The Earth’s atmosphere contains several gases.

(a) The Table shows the relative amounts of gases thought to be in the Earth’s early atmosphere.

The amount of water vapour in today’s atmosphere is much less than the amount in the Earth’s early atmosphere.

Explain why the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere has decreased. (1)

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(b) The apparatus shown in the table is used to find the percentage of oxygen in dry air.

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Syringe A contains 50 cm of dry air and syringe B contains no air. The copper in the glass tube is heated strongly.

The air in the apparatus is passed backwards and forwards over the copper until all the oxygen has been removed.

(i) The following results were obtained

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initial volume of air in apparatus = 50 cm
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final volume of gas in apparatus = 40 cm

Calculate the percentage of oxygen in this sample of dry air. (2)

Percentage oxygen in the air = ..............................................................

Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Chemistry Teacher, Cell: 01675240922, 01853605525
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(ii) At the end of the experiment, the apparatus and its contents are allowed to cool before the final volume of gas is measured.

The apparatus and its contents must be allowed to cool because (1)

(c) The Earth’s earliest rocks contained iron sulfide and no iron oxide. Later the rocks contained iron oxide as well as iron

sulfide. Explain what happened to allow this change to occur. (1)

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(Total for Question 4 = 5 Marks)

5. When copper is heated in air it reacts with oxygen to form an oxide.

A student does an experiment to find the formula of copper oxide.

(a) Describe the appearance of copper. (1)

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(b) Some copper is placed in a previously weighed crucible and reweighed.

mass of crucible + copper = 5.92 g

mass of crucible = 4.65 g

Calculate the mass of copper used in the experiment. (1)

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(c) The crucible containing the copper is heated and copper oxide is produced. The crucible with copper oxide is weighed.

mass of crucible + copper oxide = 6.24 g

Calculate the mass of copper oxide produced. (1)

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(d) Using your answers to (b) and (c) calculate the mass of oxygen that combines with the copper. (1)

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(e) Using your answers to (b) and (d) calculate the formula of copper oxide. Show your working. (2)

Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Chemistry Teacher, Cell: 01675240922, 01853605525

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(Total for Question 5 = 6 marks)

6. Crude oil is a complex mixture of substances.

(a) Crude oil can be separated into useful fractions by fractional distillation. The table shows a fractional distillation column and

the fractions produced when a sample of crude oil is distilled.

The properties of these fractions vary from the top of the column to the bottom of the column. Which of the following is a

trend in a property of the fractions obtained from the top of the column to those obtained from the bottom? (1)

(b) Most of the substances in crude oil are alkanes.

(i) Which of the following is the general formula of an alkane? (1)

(ii) Explain why alkanes are described as hydrocarbons. (1)

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Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Chemistry Teacher, Cell: 01675240922, 01853605525

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(c) The table shows a graph of the boiling points of some alkanes against the number of carbon atoms in one molecule of each

alkane.

Explain the pattern shown by this graph. (1)

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(d) When crude oil is separated into fractions, the amount of each fraction obtained rarely matches the demand for that

fraction. The table shows the relative amounts of six of the fractions present in a crude oil and the relative demand for each

of these fractions.

Cracking is used to match the relative amount of a fraction of crude oil to the demand for that fraction.

Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Chemistry Teacher, Cell: 01675240922, 01853605525

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(i) Use the information in the table to give the name of the fraction that is most likely to need to be cracked. (1)

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(ii) In a cracking reaction, reactants are heated to form products. This reaction is endothermic. On the axes provided, draw the

reaction profile of this reaction. Label the energy of the reactants, the energy of the products and the activation energy of

the reaction. (2)

(iii) Dodecane, C12H26, can be cracked to form useful products. Complete the equation for the cracking of dodecane by filling in

the formula of the single molecule needed to balance the equation. (1)

C12H26 → ....................................... + 3C2H4

(Total for Question 6 = 8 Marks)

7. (a) Sulfur dioxide is a pollutant in the air.

(i) State one source of sulfur dioxide in the air. (1)

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(ii) Sulfur dioxide is oxidised to sulfur trioxide in the air. Oxides of nitrogen act as catalysts for this reaction.

What is meant by the term catalyst ? (1)

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(iii) Sulfur trioxide dissolves in rainwater to form acid rain.

Which one of the following pH values could be the pH of acid rain?

Draw a circle around the correct answer. (1)

pH 4 pH 7 pH 9 pH 13

Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Chemistry Teacher, Cell: 01675240922, 01853605525

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(iv) State one adverse effect of acid rain on buildings. (1)

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(b) Sulfur dioxide melts at –73 °C and boils at –10 °C.

What is the physical state of sulfur dioxide at –20 °C? Explain your answer. (2)

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(c) Excess sulfuric acid reacts with ammonia to make a salt which can be used as a fertiliser.

State the name of the salt formed when excess sulfuric acid reacts with ammonia. (1)

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(d) The table shows some observations about the reactivity of four metals with dilute sulfuric acid.

Use the information in the table to put the four metals in order of their reactivity.

Put the least reactive metal first. (2)

(Total for Question 7 = 9 marks)

8. (a) A titration of sodium hydroxide solution with hydrochloric acid can be carried out as follows
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1 a pipette is used to measure 25.00 cm of sodium hydroxide solution into a conical flask

2 a few drops of indicator are added to the sodium hydroxide solution

3 the burette is filled with hydrochloric acid

4 the hydrochloric acid is added to the sodium hydroxide solution until the indicator changes colour.
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(i) Describe how the pipette should be used to measure exactly 25.00 cm of sodium hydroxide solution into the conical flask.

(2)

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Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Chemistry Teacher, Cell: 01675240922, 01853605525

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(ii) The burette is first washed with water. It is then rinsed with some of the acid before it is filled with the acid to begin the

titration. Explain why the burette is rinsed with the acid. (2)

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(b) Universal indicator solution is not a suitable indicator for an acid-alkali titration.

(i) Give the name of an indicator that is suitable for use in the titration of sodium hydroxide solution with hydrochloric acid. (1)

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(ii) Universal indicator goes through a series of gradual colour changes as the pH changes in a solution.

Give a reason why universal indicator is not a suitable indicator to use in an acid-alkali titration. (1)

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(c) The table shows some titration results obtained from an experiment in which an alkali is titrated with an acid.

Calculate the accurate volume of acid reacting with the alkali. (1)

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accurate volume of acid reacting ...................................................... cm

(Total for Question 8 = 7 marks)

9. The concentration of NaClO (aq) in a solution of bleach is found by reacting it with hydrochloric acid.

The equation for the reaction is

NaClO (aq) + 2HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) + Cl2 (g)
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An excess of dilute hydrochloric acid is added to 4.00 cm of bleach solution. 60.0 cm of chlorine gas is produced.

Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Chemistry Teacher, Cell: 01675240922, 01853605525

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(a) Explain a safety precaution that should be taken when doing this experiment. (2)

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(b) (i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of chlorine gas produced.

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Assume one mole of chlorine gas occupies 24 000 cm . (1)

amount of chlorine = .............................................................. mol

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(ii) Determine the amount, in moles, of NaClO in 4.00 cm of bleach. (1)

amount of NaClO = .............................................................. mol

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(iii) Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm , of the bleach solution. (1)

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concentration = .............................................................. mol/dm

(Total for Question 9 = 5 Marks)

Total for this Paper = 70 Marks

Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Chemistry Teacher, Cell: 01675240922, 01853605525