Environmental Impact Assesment Report On

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT
REPORT ON CORRUGATED IRON SHEET

AND NAIL PRODUCING FACTORY
Promoters: Diruna Integrated Corrugated Iron Sheet and Nails producing PLC
Address: Sekota town administration
Tel: +251913290743
Prepared by: GREEN PEACE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANCY
Address: Gondar
Mo bile: TEL : +251918736977, and +251933373619
e-mail: mogesmek56@gmail.com, gebratkidie@yahoo.com
Oct, 2017
CONTENTS PAGE
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................5
Objective of the study..................................................................................................................................7
The promoter’s profile.................................................................................................................................7
Consultant...................................................................................................................................................7
Terms of Reference.....................................................................................................................................7
2.INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................9
3.SCOPE OF THE STUDY.......................................................................................................................10
4.GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY...........................................................................................11
4.1. Specific objective of the study........................................................................................................11
5.METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY....................................................................................................11
6.LIMITATION OF THE STUDY............................................................................................................13
7.POLICY,LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK.............................................................14
7.1.Environmental policies of Ethiopia..................................................................................................14
7.2.National Legal Instruments..............................................................................................................14
7.3.Applicable environmental proclamations.........................................................................................16
8.PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND ALTERNATIVES.............................................................................18
8.1.Raw Materials..................................................................................................................................19
8.2.Production Process..........................................................................................................................21
8.3.Specific Project site.........................................................................................................................22
8.4.Utility and Accessory Items.............................................................................................................22
8.5.Envisaged Sustainability..................................................................................................................22
8.6.Project Alternatives Considered......................................................................................................22
8.7.Factory waste Management system.................................................................................................23
9. BASELINE INFORMATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS..............................................25
9.1. Physical Environment.....................................................................................................................25
9.1.1. Location...................................................................................................................................25
9.1.2. Topography..............................................................................................................................25
9.1.3. Climate....................................................................................................................................25
9.2.Socio - Economic Environment.......................................................................................................26
9.2.1.Size and growth pattern of the population.................................................................................26
9.2.1.1.Population size of Sekota town..................................................................................................26
9.2.2. Distribution of population........................................................................................................26
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9.2.2.1. Age and sex distribution.......................................................................................................26
9.2.3. Social Amenities......................................................................................................................26
9.2.4. Economic features...................................................................................................................27
10.ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES..................................................29
10.1.Description of the existing and anticipated impacts.......................................................................29
10.2. Positive impacts............................................................................................................................29
10.2.1. Construction phase.................................................................................................................29
10.2.2. Operational phase..................................................................................................................30
10.2.3. Decommissioning phase........................................................................................................30
10.3.Negative Impacts and Mitigation...................................................................................................31
10.3.1. Construction phase.................................................................................................................31
10 .3.2. Operational Phase................................................................................................................37
11.ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN...................................................................................40
12.ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING/AUDITING PROGRAM.........................................................43
13.PUBLIC CONSULTATION................................................................................................................44
13.1. Public participation.......................................................................................................................44
13.2. Methods of Public Participation...................................................................................................45
13.3.Major findings of consultations.....................................................................................................45
14.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION....................................................................................47
14.1.Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................47
14.2.Recommendation...........................................................................................................................48
15.REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................50
APPENDIXES..........................................................................................................................................51
Appendix 1:...........................................................................................................................................51
Appendix 2:...........................................................................................................................................52
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Diruna integrated corrugated iron sheet and nails producing PLC is owned by 4 group members
that established with investment capital of Birr 8, 316,166 in Sekota town. As everyone
understands from the existing situation, our country Ethiopia is scoring a greater improvement in
its growth and construction is the one and most important segment that is playing crucial role in
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contributing for the overall development of the country. Corrugated iron sheet and nails are
important inputs required for the fast increasing situation of the industrial sector in Ethiopia.
Ethiopia has also established deliberate policies and plans that are aimed at spurring economic
growth and social development. With the ever increasing rates of industries, different projects,
urbanization and population growth rates the industry sector in Ethiopia if not well addressed is
bound to impact negatively on the environmental attributes of the project areas and its
surroundings.
The proposed Corrugated iron sheet and nails factory project will be setup in Sekota town and
will be able to produce nearly 317,988 number of Corrugated iron sheet and 1522.2 Quintal of
nails per annum when it operates at its full capacity, The major input source of the project will be
procured from Ethiopia and the rest will be imported which are found at close and known in the
raw materials production. The corrugated iron sheet and nails produced will have different
qualities and will be distributed for customers based on their demand. The initial capital is
estimated to be birr 8, 316,166 and will generate employment opportunity for 35 permanent and
86 causal laborers.
According to Sekota town master plan, the location is designated for industrial zone and at the
periphery residential areas. This is consistent with the designated land use in the town’s master
plan.
The ideal location promoted the architect and the management team to prepare the plan that
integrates the proposed project in a very logical manner respecting visual, architectural planning
and environmental parameters. By doing so the overall project would further enhance the natural
existence of the site.
This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study report has critically considered the likely
positive and negative impacts of the proposed development in the project area and its
neighborhood. Besides, alternatives to the proposed project have been identified and analyzed
with the aim of establishing the most sustainable and cost effective way of mitigating any
negative impact that may arise as a result of the implementation of the proposed project.
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With all the current limitation and future opportunities, establishing corrugated iron sheet & nail
where the construction industry is ever increasing is a foregone conclusion. The prospect of
establishing such a project will stimulate the growth in the zone in terms of socio economic
development.
The environmental impacts arising from the establishment of the project are divided in to
construction phase impacts and production phase impacts. There impacts are related to the loss
of vegetation and wild life, habitats, land erosion, sewage pollution, solid waste pollution, dust
and sound pollution. To overcome these impacts, the project will apply the mitigation measures
like planting of indigenous trees round the factory yard, construct septic tanker to accumulate the
liquid waste and dispose it with private or municipal vehicles , construct drainage, and provide
garbage-pit for the accumulation of solid wastes to dispose it appropriately. In addition, the
machines of the factory will have sound absorbers to mitigate sound pollution.
The most critical environmental issues and recommendations have been identified and conveyed
to the project management team. These were related to site drainage, construction works
management, and land scoping. The project will respect planning guide lines as stated under
different provisions of the EIA guide lines prepared in 2000 by EPA and in 2004 by EFWDPA.
Evaluation of the study area was carried out and the environmental character of the area
determined. This was related to the development plans and the potential impacts identified
recommendations are made which are aimed at ensuring compliance with relevant environmental
statues, and ensuring the preservation or restoration of the ecological balance through the
mitigation of anticipated impacts.
An environmental management plan (EMP) is provided in this report to ensure that all possible
negative impacts are dealt with as per mitigating measures. This, we can say that the proposed
project demonstrates sustainability through the integration of social and environmental factors in
to economic decision making
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Objective of the study
The objective of this study is to assess the possible negative environmental impacts and delineate
the mitigation measures in order to enable the project area free from pollution and suggest the
alternatives for the promoters and decision makers of the town administration.
The promoter’s profile

Diruna integrated iron sheet and nails PLC is established in 2016 with an initial equity capital of
2.5 million birr by 4 members of the project owners. The group members had been engaged for
the last 25-30 years in different business endeavors and have well experience in managing the
business that they proposed for. Especially one of the group members called Ato Tafette Hailu
is known by his experience on business, financial capacity, commitment for development. He is
also known by his being trust full merchant tax payer in the administrative zone. In addition he
paves the way in engaging in manufacturing part (establishing flour factor) for the first time in
wag himra zone, sekota town. Now days the flour factory is not benefiting the surrounding
community with supply of flour with discounted price and creating job opportunities but also,the
byproducts of the flour factory are benefiting the surrounding farmers, NGO and through supply
of animal feed with less price and act as input for the concentrated animal feed processing plant
established by Ethiopian school meal initiative before 3 years ago, latter on transferred and now
administrated by Wag Development Association. And hence his relevant work experience and
the experience the other group members enable to manage the business efficiently with the
support of professionals in the function.
Consultant
This environmental impact assessment reports was conducted by Green Peace Environmental
Consultancy. The consultancy organization has been commissioned to undertake the
environmental and social impact assessment study for the proposed plastic products producing
factory. The study was carried out by multidisciplinary team members (one environmentalist,
with PhD degree, one sociologist with master’s degree, and one economist with MA degree. The
team has gained goodwill from its previous customers in conducting investment feasibility study.
The Consultancy group is Ethiopian based consulting firm registered at Amhara regional state of
Environment Forest and Climate Change.
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Terms of Reference
The following Terms of Reference (TORs) applied to the study:
i) Hold appropriate meetings with the project proponent to establish the procedures, define
requirements, responsibilities and a time frame for the project.
ii) Provide a description of the proposed activities throughout the entire implementation process
of the project with a special focus on potential impacts to the surrounding environment
iii) Carry out a systematic environmental assessment at the proposed project site and the
surrounding area
iv) Produce an EIA report that contain among other issues potential negative and positive
environmental impacts and recommendation of appropriate mitigation measures to minimize or
prevent adverse impacts.
v) Develop an Environmental Management Plan and cost estimates for the proposed project
2. INTRODUCTION
Environmental impact assessment (EIA for short) is a recent phenomenon in Ethiopia. It
becomes a legally required procedure toward the end of year 2002. Since the Environmental
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Impact Assessment Proclamation № 299 of 2002 was adopted by the House of Peoples’
Representatives, some efforts have been made to implement the law by the EPA and the relevant
regional environmental organs, which were themselves established by Proclamation № 295 of
2002.
Economic development can have major impacts on the environment by degrading soils, polluting
bodies of water, altering landscapes and threatening biodiversity, in some cases driving species
into extinction. In turn, environmental impacts can impose significant economic and social costs
on society, especially with regard to human health. EIA, however, can predict development’s
negative effects and reveal strategies to avoid and mitigate them, and EIA can also point to
possibilities to enhance the positive effects of development activities. EIA arose in response to
the pollution and the unnecessary degradation of natural resources caused by rapid and
unsustainable industrialization, agricultural development, and technological progress. EIA
recognizes that natural resources are finite and incapable of absorbing the unchecked demands of
modern society. EIA assesses the impacts of proposed initiatives before work on the initiatives
begins. EIA is a formal study process and is used to predict the environmental consequences of a
proposed major development project. In addition to assisting the formulation of proper
development policy, EIA also provides a forum for public involvement in the decision-making
process. (UNEP, 1988).
This project proponents proposed to develop corrugated iron sheet and nail production factory in
Amhara National Regional state, Waghimera Administrative Zone, Sekot town administration,
industrial zone. The proponent request 7500m2 plots of land through lease agreement for the
establishment of the project.
This environmental impact assessment report is an information document for decision makers
and the public in their review of the potential impacts of the projects, as well as in the evaluation
of alternatives and mitigation measures which may minimize, avoid or eliminate those impacts.
As such, this document includes a full discussion of the project description, the existing
environmental setting, environmental impacts, mitigation measures, any residual impacts that
may exist after mitigation.
To gain the most value from this report, certain key points recommended in the guidelines out
lined in should be kept in mind.
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The report should be used as a tool to give the reader an overview of the possible ramification of
the proposed project; it is designed to be “early warning system” regard to potential
environmental impacts and natural resources.
A specific environmental impact is not necessarily irreversible or permanent. Incorporating

changes recommended in this report during the design and construction phases of project
development can wholly or partially mitigate most impacts. The report while a summary of facts
reflects the professional’s judgment of the authors. Therefore the reader will have to individually
weight the facts it reports.
3. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study included the following areas of work:

 Collection of detailed information about the factory going to be established. Their emissions,
wastage and by-products if any, are accounted for evaluating their multiple impacts on the
prevailing environment of the area.
 Baseline information about the zone; baseline information regarding the geographical,
socioeconomically and cultural and bio-physical environmental status were undertaken in
this study
 Preparation of an environmental management plan, monitoring strategies, and proposals for
the most effective mitigation measures, including auditing plans and matrices for the
monitoring of various pollution parameters at the industrial site.
 Classification of existing land use and land cover of the study area into different zoning
classes for the protection and conservation of the region and recommendation of a guideline
for the development of industrial activities permitted or prohibited in the protected zone.
In addition the study will indicate the possible migration measures to be under taken and raise
the promoter’s knowledge about environmental protection. The scope of the study is limited in
Sekota town administration.
4. GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
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The general objective of the envisaged EIA is to assess the possible negative environmental
impacts and delineate the mitigation measures in order to enable the project area free from
pollution and suggest the alternatives for the promoters and decision makers of the town
administration.
4.1. Specific objective of the study

Specific objectives of the report are:
 Determine the contents of the environmental and social impact assessment report, its scope
and the topics that shall be investigated in it;
 Ensure that only significant environmental impacts will be extensively investigated in the
ESIA report and that the report will include all information that is required to make a
justified decision if the proposed project by virtue of its nature and environmental impacts,
may be carried out in the chosen site;
 Provide incentives for considering negative environmental and social impact prevention and
mitigation measures and alternatives in the early stage of the planning of the project activity;
 Plan the methods that will be used to predict of environmental impacts of the proposed
project activity, to determine their significance and for their assessment; and
 Facilitate further procedures of project preparation and planning that shall be performed by
the project proponent of the proposed project and to ensure that the relevant parties of the
environmental and social impact assessment can participate in the process and provide their
conclusions in proper time.
 To provide relevant information for the decision makers of Sekota town administration and
other concerned bodies.
 To reduce the damage on natural resources and environmental pollution at the area.
5. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
The methodology used in the study consisted of the following.

i/ Desktop Review-Deskwork provided a detailed description of the project with respect to
spatial coverage, preliminary design layout, magnitude, implementation schedules and costs as
well as human resources. Relevant documents were reviewed to obtain information on the
baseline information in general but specifically at the project site. This documentary review
provided further understanding the project design (site plan and architectural drawings), land use,
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local micro-environmental conditions, data on demographic trends, land use practices,
development strategies and plans (local and national) as well as the policy and legal documents
among others. Others included area maps, Development Plans of the Sekota town.
ii) Field Assessment -Physical evaluation of the project area was carried out with specific focus
on landform trends, land use patterns, biodiversity, natural resources, hydrology and climatic
variations. This was also an evaluation of the current environmental status with respect to
physical, biological and socio-cultural perspectives. It was a systematic field inspection backed
with available documentation and direct interviews.
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iii) The fieldwork was extensive and included several activities. A reconnaissance visit was made
to the project area by the EIA team on 11st Oc, 2017. Based on this, the team set out key areas of
observation. This was then followed by detailed visits of the project area and neighboring
facilities taking records of observations as well as interviewing community members
iv) Observations- Detailed field observation assessment was undertaken to enable determination
of the exact socio-economic activities within the proximity of the project site. Among the broad
focal areas for which observation was done included settlement patterns, factories established so
far, trade, and industry among others. Checklists were used along with observations to check on
possible environmental impacts of the project would have on the environment during both
construction and operational phases. In this assessment, checklists were utilized to: facilitate
identification of potential environmental impacts; provide a means of comparing the predicted
environmental impacts; indicate the magnitude of both positive and negative environmental
impacts; indicate possible adverse environmental impacts that are potentially significant but
about which sufficient information can be obtained to make a reliable prediction; and Indicate
negative potential environmental impacts in the project area, which merit mitigation measures
and monitoring during project implementation.
v) Consultation and Public Participation- the stakeholders, that include the neighbors to the
proposed site were interviewed and asked to fill in questionnaires, in order to get their views,
expectations, projected economic and social effects regarding the proposed project activities and
location.
6. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The limitation of the study includes:
 The study was conducted with a very tight time and shortage of resource.
 There was also difficulty in getting meeting appointments with industry authority officials
during the field visits.
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7. POLICY,LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
Sustainable development could only be achieved when articulated and an efficient way of eco-
friendly implementation strategy is identified. This, primarily, includes the wellbeing of the
environment. As the plan of action starts to be set on place, a crucial backup from legal
background is needed to check basic principles are not violated.
In Ethiopia, the environmental soundness of any project will be checked and evaluated by
environmental protection Authority (EPA) and/or in the case of regions, the licensed authority
like EFWPDA in Amhara regional state. EFWPDA uses different international, national and
regional binding legal guidelines for most development activities. The following section will
describe these legal instruments in relation to the upcoming project. Implementation as well as
relevance of each sub section will also be highlighted accordingly.
7.1. Environmental policies of Ethiopia
Intergenerational justice and equity have to be addressed by endorsing sustainable development

through appropriate environmental management. The environmental policy of Ethiopia clearly
indicates the relationship between environment and sustainable development. It asserts
deterioration in environmental equity should be kept at minimal level while also be minimal. The
policy will also give emphasis on minimizing environmental hazards as well as creating a
compromise between economic growths of the present generation without affecting the need for
the development of future generation.
In relation to this, the project has built up a detail management plan based on the predictable
impacts using the appropriate guidelines (EPA guideline and other international guidelines). All
referenced guidelines give emphasis for the community as well as the natural environment,
discussion with the local community, compromise between short term economic growth and long
term environmental impacts, and appropriate liquid and solid waste management along with
proper treatment plant recommendation.
7.2. National Legal Instruments
Proclamation of the constitution of the Federal democratic republic of Ethiopia proclamation No

1/1995
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Article 43 of the constitution of Ethiopia reflects the right to development where people right to:
 Improved living standards and to sustainable development

 Consultation and participation regarding matters that may affect their wellbeing
 Sustainable development, and
 Be supplemented by development projects to enhance their capacity to meet their basic needs
Relevance of the project
 Communities will benefit from the project by getting employed to diversify their income.
This will not only improve their living standard but also helps to shape future sustainable
developmental activities with the proponent
 Implementing this law, will increase awareness about the project while at the same time
gives sense of ownership to the surrounding community
Implementation strategies
 Priority will be given to local community for available vacancy

 Public discussion session will be prepared regularly
Article 92 Environmental Rights
 All persons have the right to live in a clean and healthy environment
 All persons who have been displaced or whose live hoods have been adversely affected,
as a result of state programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative
means of compensation, including relocation with adequate state assistance
Relevance for the project
 Security and sustainability of the project will be insured upon implementation of this
law.
 Any kind of problems regarding land lease or land ownership will be dealt ahead of
time this law give protection for the proponent
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 Clean and healthy environment is unconditional right of customers, workers, and as well
as the community. To ensure this the firm will prepare procedural guideline how to
handle and manage wastes.
 All damages caused by the project activities at any stage of the project will be
compensated properly in collaboration with the local administration
 Meeting will be prepared with municipality, EPLAUA, and the community in order to
tackle any pollution problems caused by the project
7.3. Applicable environmental proclamations
Environmental impact assessment proclamation (proclamation No 181/2003)
Projects to be commenced would normally have to inflict minimal environmental damage.
Future generation have to able to fulfill their needs without much problem. This will only be
assured if projects of present time are doing environmentally being activities. In relation to
this, most projects are expected to submit environmental impact assessment before engaging
into detail activity of the project. The report has to follow appropriate guideline outlined by
appointed authority. Then, the report has to be approved by the authority for any activities to
be taken on the ground.
 This report could be used as legal document for future activities

 The project will have strong legal standing
 Wider global market will be insured
 The proponent will have an insight for the pros and cons of the project as well as the impacts
on the environment by the upcoming project
Implementing strategies
 All compensation fees were dealt by the government

 A neutral consulting firm was appointed
 This report was written according to the national and international guidelines
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 Discussion with the community was insured from the beginning of the project
 Comments and suggestion of experts were included
 Submission of the EIA report to the EFNPDA will be done
The environmental pollution control proclamation (proclamation No 513/95)
This proclamation demands for appropriate sound actions to be taken for human safety as well as
environmental pollution.
 The project will have enough time and money to implement technologies for better waste
treatment and management
 Compensation and rehabilitation costs will be available
 Healthy of customers and workers will be insured
 Well- structured waste handling procedure will be prepared

 Supervision of hazardous waste and chemicals will be done
 Reducing environmental pollution
 Protecting wear will be given for workers involved in handling wastes
Labor proclamation (proclamation No 377/96
The proclamation insures whether or not the health and safety of employees are properly
safeguarded by the employer. All human rights of workers including job security have to be
respected by the employer. Also included in the proclamation are:
Freedom of association and collective bargaining: the right of all workers to form and join tarde
unions and bargain collectively shall be recognized. Workers representatives shall not be subject
to any discrimination and shall have access to all work places necessary to enable them to carry
out their representation. Equality of treatment: workers shall have access to jobs and trainings on
equal terms.
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Irrespective of gender, age, ethnic origin color, marital status, sexual orientation, political
opinion, religion and social origin. Physical harassment or psychological oppression,
particularly of women workers must not be tolerated.
Living wages: wages and benefits paid for a standard working week shall meet at least legalt or
industry minimum standards and always be sufficient to meet basic needs of workers and their
families and to provide some discretional income. Pay should be in cash, direct to the workers,
promptly and in full. Information to wages shall be available to the workers in an understandable
and detailed form.
 Workers equality will be assured

 Workers can have practical job security
 Recruitment of strong and disciplined labor force will be easy
 Consistent labor force availability will be assured
 Minimum wage has been made to fit local standard of living

 The management team has put up a rule of zero tolerance for sexual harassment
 The management team will give all the support for the upcoming workers association
The workers will be treated equally. In the event of any fault the management has introduce
accountability and transparency to look at case and give fair trial.
8. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND ALTERNATIVES
Diruna integrated corrugated iron sheet and nails producing PLC is going to be established in
Sekota town, around Ethiopian Electric Corporation locally known as Mebrat Hyle area. The
Main objective of the factory is going to produce and supply high quality nail and sheet metal
products. The products include different types of nails and different guage metal sheets used for
multipurpose buildings. The project has received 7500M2 plot of land factory setup and building
of different stores, rest rooms and the like. The goal of the project is to produce quality
corrugated iron sheet and nail which in a high demand at the project area and its surround. The
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market of the products is government funded infrastructure projects, town planning projects and
residential and commercial building that going on in the administrative zone and the surrounding
areas. The slope of the project location is 1.5 % and plain.
Land is required to accommodate plant building, management offices, social building for
workers, stores, internal roads, adequate space for expansion and other industry related activities.
The total land area for the envisaged plant is estimated at 7,500 m2. The built-up area for the
factories is estimated at, 4,000 m2. The remaining land will be allocated to different buildings
(store, office and the like buildings), for open space for vehicles and planting of indigenous trees
to compensate the deforested trees and protect the environment from any type of damage.
The proposed plan of the factory comprises the construction of production plant, store for inputs,
store for finished products, administrative offices, septic tank, employees’ cafeteria, common
latrine etc.
The input for the production of the iron sheet and nails will be imported for the time being and
when it is available in the country it will be substituted. The higher the factories rate of return,
the promoters strives to promote this factory in to a large scale industry. The required amount
and the production capacity of the project is depicted on the tables below.
The rapid and sustainable economic growth of the country has contributed for the increase in the
income of citizens, which in turn, enhanced them to construct their grass covered houses with
iron sheets. This has dramatically rose the demand for iron sheet and nails throughout the
country (rural, urban). Despite the large number of iron sheet & nail producing factories in
different regions, the demand for the products is ever increasing.
The establishment of the envisaged project will generate diversified social and economic
benefits. In addition to its tax payment to the government and support the overall development, it
also will generate employment opportunity for unemployed citizens and promote the poverty and
unemployment reduction strategies of the government.
8.1. Raw Materials

Most nails are made of steel. Aluminum, copper, brass, bronze, stainless steel, nickel silver,
monel, zinc, and iron are also used. Galvanized nails are coated with zinc to give them added
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corrosion resistance. Blued steel nails are subjected to a flame to give them a bluish oxide finish
that provides a certain amount of corrosion resistance. So-called cement-coated nails are actually
coated with a plastic resin to improve their grip. Some brads are given a colored enamel coating
to blend in with the color of the material they are fastening.
In addition the raw materials used for producing corrugated iron sheets are plain iron sheets.
Depending on the required thickness of the iron sheet, the product can be of gauge thickness of
32, 30 and 28. The raw materials needed for four months will be purchased in advance before the
factory starts its production. The annual requirement of the raw & auxiliary material at full
capacity production, including its cost is shown below.
Table 1. Raw Materials list and amount needed in the first year (Nail production)
Annual
Amount Require
Amount needed needed per ment in
S.N Description unit of measure per day month (tone)
1 low carbon steel wire Tone 1.9 43.7 524.4
2 cold rolled steel sheet Tone 1.8 41.4 496.8
3 Saw dust(powder) Tone 1.4 32.2 386.4
4 Zinc Tone 1.5 34.5 414
5 HC1 Tone 2 46 552
6 Ammonium chloride Tone 1.4 32.2 386.4
7 Packing material Tone 1.9 43.7 524.4
Table 2. Raw Materials list and amount needed in the first year (for metal sheet production)
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amount amount
needed in a needed in
SN Description Unit of measure amount need in a day month a year
1 28 gauge Tone 0.6 13.8 165.6
2 30 gauge Tone 0.80 18.4 220.8
3 32 gauge Tone 1.4 32.2 386.4
772.8
Sub total
8.2. Production Process

Nail making does not require highly advanced knowledge or technique, and it’s making capacity
can freely be fixed according to the demand in the locality. The plant can be built at any place
without environmental restraint. The nail making plant can easily be expanded, rationalized,
automated or can adopt a labor saving device. Wire is drawn from a coil and fed into the nail-
making machine where it is gripped by a pair of gripper dies. The shape of the head of the nail
has been machined into the end of the dies. While the dies clamp the wire in place, the free end
of the wire is struck by a mechanical hammer. This deforms the end of the wire into the die
cavity to form the head of the nail. With the wire still clamped in the dies, a set of shaped cutters
strike the opposite end of the nail, forming the point and cutting the nail free from the rest of the
wire coming off the coil. The dies open and an expelling mechanism knock the nail into a
collection pan below the machine. The free end of the wire is drawn from the coil and fed into
the machine. The cycle then begins again. The production process of making corrugated iron
sheet consisted of cleaning the rust and other ingredients from the plain iron sheet, then drying
by dry, hot air. Then the iron sheet is passed into the molten lead to attain the required thickness.
It is then dried by forced air from where it is fed to feeding table by a suitable hoist or crane.
Then they are conveyed to the corrugating machine. After corrugation, the product is passed to
correcting machine where deformation is corrected. The product is then cut to standard size and
trade mark of the company is printed.
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8.3. Specific Project site
The factory is located in Amhara Regional State, Wag harm administrative zone, Sekota town. .
The location is near Elipa in Sekota town where some other factories are also located. Sekota is
selected as to be the location site of the plant considering the location advantage with the nearby
towns like Mekelle where the construction building of both governmental and nongovernmental
is at an increasing rate.
8.4. Utility and Accessory Items

Electricity and water are inputs required for the envisaged factory. Annual requirements of
electricity and water at full production capacity are estimated to be 211,251 kWh and 1900m3,
respectively.
8.5. Envisaged Sustainability
All the raw materials needed for the manufacture of corrugated iron sheet and nails are not
imported from abroad. Some types of inputs used for the production of nails shall be sourced
from the domestic industries which produce different types of metal.
8.6. Project Alternatives Considered
Alternative 1: No project option: This suggests that the proposed project should not be executed. This
negates the need to increase domestic production and conserve foreign exchange therefore, this
alternative was rejected.
22
Alternative 2: Import Bulk metal types used for the production of different types of nails: This option
is presently being practiced by several companies in Ethiopia. However, this option is not acceptable
because most of the employment opportunities available to the people from the process of nails
production will be lost to the country where finished bulk metal will be imported from. In addition to
this, the loss of foreign exchange to the exporting country is a disadvantage. For these reasons, this
option is rejected.
Option 3: Import already finished metal sheet and nails: To import finished metal sheet and nails will
deny the immediate locality a wider range of employment opportunities. Also this would not be a
durable venture considering increasing government restrictions on importations. The option of
importing finished metal sheet and nails will have the least impact of releasing dust into the
environment but it is no longer economically viable and it is therefore not acceptable.
Option 4: Manufacturing from raw materials (considered option): The manufacturing of nails
and corrugated metal sheet entails crushing, firing / blending of basic raw materials at different
stages of production. The proposed corrugated iron metal sheet and nails production plant is
expected to provide 131 jobs in all categories. In addition, there is the transfer of technology
associated with installation, operation of the equipment and maintenance and savings on foreign
exchange, hence this alternative was chosen
8.7. Factory waste Management system
The factories did not generate large amounts of waste. It did however generate a considerable amount
of granular/waste material. In addition it is difficult to estimate the amount of waste generated per
day for production type, however it is mandatory to assess and put some mitigation strategies for
the wastes that are going to be follow from the factories
The following waste management techniques shall be used in the different stages of the Project.
i) During construction: - Wastes at this stage shall be managed as follows:
 Express condition shall be put in the contract that before the contractor is issued with a
completion certificate; he will clear the site of all debris and restore it to a state acceptable by the
supervising architect and environmental consultant.
23
 Materials from excavation of the ground and foundation works shall be reused for earthworks
and landscaping.
 Remnants from the construction materials will also be re-used in the construction and also
for landscaping.
ii) During operation: The following methods shall be used to manage wastes:
 Different pieces of metal and nails:- Pieces of metal and nails will be collected and re sold
to some other factories
 Used Paper: -Used paper shall be thrown in designated dustbins labeled within the property
area. The paper waste shall then be collected and kept in a central place pending disposal.
 Empty Cans and Plastic Containers: -These should be collected and stored in a designated
area pending disposal to designated areas or awaiting interested parties for recycling.
iii) Decommissioning: -During this stage, the following shall be observed:
i) Wastes generated as a result of facility decommissioning activities shall be characterized in

compliance with standard waste management procedures.
ii) Disposal locations shall be selected by the PLC and the local council based on the properties
of the particular waste generated
24
9. BASELINE INFORMATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS
9.1. Physical Environment
9.1.1. Location
Sekota town is located in the Northern part of Ethiopia, in Amhara national Regional
State,Waghimira administration Zone, at a distance of 720 kms away from the capital city of the
country, Addis Ababa& 540 kms from Bahirdar the capital of the region .
Sekota town administration is found at latitude of 120 degree 36’ N and longitude of 37 degree
28’ E with an elevation of 2133 meters above sea levels (finance and economic development of
Waghimira zone 2011). The woreda shares border with Abergele woreda to the North,
Gazgebela woreda to the south, Tigray region to the East and Dahina woreda to the west .The
specific area of the project is located to the North West of the town.
9.1.2. Topography
The topographic characteristics of the town are made up of sloppy terrain bisected by a number
of rivers that starts from the mountains and flow to the west of the town that drains towards the
west north. Most portion of the town comprises scattered small hills, and eroded drainage lands.
Elevation in the town varies from 933-1250 M.a.s.i (SCFEDP, of WHAZ, 2009).However; the
project area belongs to flat plain.
9.1.3. Climate
Sekota town though located at the 12 degree 36’N parallel, has mean monthly temperature that
range from 10 degree centigrade to 24 DC due to mainly to its elevation. The annual average
temperature of the city is 14.5 DC (Ethiopia metrological service, 1979:3; Planning and
economic development for NGAZ, 1994), and therefore, it is most of the time hot. In terms of
traditional climate classification based on altitude and temperature, the wereda could categorize
in the “Weyna-Dega” climatic zone. There is seasonality rainfall in Sekota, where the maximum
respiration occurring starting from the end of June to September. The rain occurs during summer
season. Summer is the main rain season which lasts from June to September. The small rains of
spring usually occur between February and April.
25
The remaining months of the year are almost free from rain fall of sekota town is erratic and
characterized by fluctuations. Under normal condition it deviates from mean value. The mean
annual rain fall in Sekota city is 1923 mm in the past 26 Years. In these years, the rain fall shows
increasing trend. However, there were great variations in between years for example the annual
rainfall in between 1988-1992 was 2010.5 mm while in between 1993-2005 mm recorded while
the lowest rain fall value was observed in 1992 accounted for 780.21mm.
9.2. Socio - Economic Environment
9.2.1. Size and growth pattern of the population
9.2.1.1. Population size of Sekota town

The most recent reliable source of population data for the city is that of the 2007 Population and
housing census. According to the result this census, the population of the city was 42509 of
which 26120 were males and 16389 were females (CSA, 2007:937).
9.2.2. Distribution of population
9.2.2.1. Age and sex distribution

The age structure, one of the attribute of population characteristics, indicate that the proportion
of the population under the age of 30 years in Sekota town constitute the 72.4% of the
population. This means that the population of Sekota is predominantly young and the potential of
the city for rapid growth appears to be very high, as wag himra administrative zone is endowed
with variety of natural resources.
9.2.3. Social Amenities

9.2.3.1. Health
In Sekota town administration there exist one government hospital and one health center, three
private clinics and five private pharmacies.
9.2.3.2. Education
The town has one teachers’ training collage,3 general elementary schools, one high school ,one
preparatory school and one TEVT collage .In addition, there are 2 private kindergartens.
26
9.2.4. Economic features
9.2.4.1. Infrastructure
The Federal government has planned to construct and upgrade the road from Korem-Sekota to
Abyadi in to asphalt in 2010 E.C and the road from Laliebela to Sekotawhich is128 k.ms has
been already started construction. The town has obtained 24 hours hydroelectricity and clean tap
water.
9.2.4.2. Financial Institutes
In Sekota town administration, there are 4 banks (Ethiopian commercial bank, Ethiopian
development bank, Abay bank and Bunna international bank. Dashen and Anibesa banks are
going to engage in the near future. In addition, ACSI ( amhara credit and saving institute )has 1
zonal office with 3 branches in the town.
10.2.4.3. Water supply

The area has adequate underground water resources. The industrial zone in the town has a better
underground water supply than the other parts of the town. Location of the project area looks like
as follows.
Table 3. Location of the project site with X, Y coordinates

Point X coordinate Y coordinate Elevation
1 0379626 1463544 2118
2 0379582 1463517 2111
3 0379590 1463428 2114
4 0379610 1463416 2114
5 0379617 1463401 2113
6 0379653 1463417 2115
7 0379659 1463458 2119
8 0379695 1463511 2119
9 0379737 1463550 2120
10 0379690 1463546 2121
Average elevation = 1123
27
Fig 1. The specific project site is located north west of the town
10. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
28
10.1. Description of the existing and anticipated impacts
i) Existing impacts: - At the time of the study, the following impacts existed within the
project area; Noise from stone crushing machines and vehicle that transport stone for
house construction, and noise from block and pole producing cooperatives
ii) Anticipated impacts: - The impacts of the proposed project on the environmental
elements are both positive and negative. The magnitude of each impact is described in
terms of being significant, minor or permanent, short-term or long term, specific
(localized) or widespread, reversible or irreversible. Most of the impacts have been
addressed in the proactive design of the project and other mitigations can only be
guaranteed through active and responsible management committed to the propositions of
the environmental management plan.
10.2. Positive impacts

10.2.1. Construction phase
 Employment Creation
With the implementation of the project, there will be employment opportunities for not only
those who will be providing manual work, but also those providing professional works and
consultancy.
 Increased value of land
The proposed development is bound to increase the value of the land as a result of the industrial
development and the demand for the proposed facilities. The area where the factory is going to
established will be more demanded by dwellers and the community group of the town.
 Aesthetic value
The proposed development will enhance the site aesthetic value. The designs of the proposed
facilities will ensure visual attractiveness which will thus add beauty to the site. The proponent
has put in place, elaborate mechanism to improve the vegetative landscape of the area after
construction.
 Creation of business opportunities
As a result of the proposed project a large number of people (skilled and unskilled) will be
required during the construction stage and operation of the factory. The construction will provide
a ready market for various goods and services, leading to several business opportunities for
small-scale traders such as food vendors around the construction site. Even when the factory start
29
its material production many customers will gather and create market opportunity for food and
beverage sellers.
 Improved land utilization
The development of proposed site is expected to lead to better (maximized) utilization of land,
per square metre of built up area.
 Market for Building Materials
The project will supply of large quantities of materials (Metal sheet and Nails) most of which
will be sold to private and government organization customers with appropriate/affordable price.
This will enhance the construction sector, and more specifically will have great impact in
benefiting the surrounding community/farmers/.
10.2.2. Operational phase

 Revenue to local and national Government
The development will provide revenue both to the local and the National Governments through
payment of relevant taxes, rates and other levies after revaluation.
Employment will be generated with a number of people being employed at the project site
including security personnel, ordinary labourers’ cleaners and gardeners. Some of the amenities
with prospects for employment during the operational phase is; social hall, business centre and
pools.
10.2.3. Decommissioning phase

 Rehabilitation
After the decommissioning of the project, rehabilitation of the project site will be carried out to
restore the site to its original status. This will include replacement of the soil and re-vegetation
that will lead to improved visual quality of the area.
Employment opportunities will be created for the demolition staff as well as those involved in
loading, transportation and unloading of the demolished materials.
10.3. Negative Impacts and Mitigation
30
10.3.1. Construction phase
i. Soil erosion: -
In this project, soil erosion will be a major environmental issue or concern since there will be
major excavation, and the site is sloppy towards the adjacent Mybulit River. Consequently, there
are likely to be cases of soil disturbances, exposure, and loosening to the agents of erosion.
Potential mitigation measures
 There should be no unnecessary movement of soil materials from the site
 The site shall be horded to prevent excavated soil form filing the river
 Soil conservation structures should be provided on the areas prone to soil erosion mostly to
reduce impact by the run-off.
 There should be controlled construction activities especially during rainy conditions.
 Resurface (pave) open areas on completion of the project.
 A suitable storm water drainage channels should be to effectively discharge water safely.
Such channels need to be regularly maintained. Point discharges which have pronounced
effect to soil erosion shall be avoided
 Standard landscaping shall be conducted after project completion to maximally control any
possible chance of soil movement.
31
 Avoid clearing of the vegetation along the stream to cat as soil erosion control agents.
ii. Water Use and Management: -

The construction activities will require large quantities of water that will be supplied by the
Sekota Water Company. Water will be used mainly for concrete mixing, curing, sanitary, and
washing purposes
 Provide notices and information signs within the project to notify on the needs to conserve
water resource.
 Encourage of water re-use/recycling during construction
 Avoid using the water from the stream for the construction purposes unless there is adequate
permit from concerned bodies(if possible)
iii. Solid and liquid waste Generation
Solid waste will be generated during excavation of the site for foundation works and
landscaping. Additionally, the used materials used as package of construction material will form
solid waste. Liquid wastes will be generated from the cleaned surfaces, paints, and lavatory
 The contractor and proponent shall work hand in hand with private refuse handlers and local
authorities to facilitate sound waste management.
 The wastes shall be properly segregated and separated to encourage recycling of some useful
waste materials.
 Employ integrated solid waste management system through a hierarchy options: source
reduction, recycling, composting and refuse. This will facilitate handling during occupation.
 Any waste water arising from construction should be channeled to the sewer system, except
oil and paints, which should be disposed of as provided under the user instruction manual.
32
iv. Pollution
 Dust pollution
During construction, the project will generate substantial amount of dust at the construction site
and its surrounding area. The sources of dust will include excavation and leveling works, and
transport vehicles delivering building materials.
 Provide full protective gear for workers. Workers shall also be sensitized on hazards
encountered in such work environment and shall undergo regular health check-ups.
 Control areas generating dust particles through regular cleaning or sprinkling of water to
suppress dust.
 The number of construction equipment operating simultaneously shall be minimized through
efficient management practices.
 Vehicle idling time shall be minimized.
 The contractor shall carry out routine maintenance of vehicles and other machinery as per the
manufacture’s specifications to ensure minimum emission of NO2 and SO2.
 Maximize the use of manual labor and hand tools.
 Avoid spillage of loose soil to the road where it will be disturbed and blown away by traffic.
 Sensitize drivers to avoid off road driving.
 Stockpiles of sand and soil should be covered or surrounded with wind breaks
 Trucks hauling dirt and debris should be covered to reduce spillage on to paved roads
surface.
 Expedite construction so that it can take the shortest time possible.
 Install dust protective nets around the site to cushion the nearby residents from dust
pollution.
 Preserve the trees around the site to act as dust obstructers.
 Provide adequate signage on the site for users and workers to take precautionary measures
against dust infection.
33
 Noise Pollution
The construction works, delivery of building materials by heavy trucks and the use of
machines/equipment such as bulldozers (if necessary), generators, metal grinders and concrete
mixers will contribute to high levels of noise within the construction site and the surrounding
area. Elevated noise levels will affect project workers, the nearby residents, passers-by and other
persons within the vicinity of the project site.
 truck drivers should switch off vehicle engines while offloading materials
 avoid gunning of vehicle engines or hooting especially when passing through sensitive areas
such as churches, schools and hospitals
 construction machinery shall be kept in good condition to reduce noise generation
 all generators and heavy-duty equipment should be insulated or placed in enclosures to
minimize ambient noise levels
 Provide the workers with sound protective gears to cushion them from noise pollution
 Provide sign on the site for purposes of informing the site users, and workers in case of
previous health problem with relation to hearing.
v. Fuel Consumption, Oil leaks and spills:

The project activities will lead to an increase in consumption of fossil fuels manly diesel to run
transport vehicles, construction machinery and cars for construction management staff and
consultants. These are non-renewable resources and should be used economically and efficiently.
 Strict avoidance of oil grease spills and leakages and
 Construction of oil interceptors if need be.
 Oil product and materials shall be stored appropriately
vi. Visual Intrusion: -

Visual impacts will occur during earthworks for the foundation of the project.
34
 All solid wastes and debris shall be cleared on the completion of the work On completion
of all works, the worked area shall be restored through backfilling, leveling and planting of
vegetation.
 Fence the site using construction nets and iron sheets to prevent visual intrusion.
35
vii. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS): -
During the proposed works, there may be increased hazards to health and safety such as dust, air,
and noise pollution. The workforce and general public involved would be more subjected to
these environmental hazards and disturbances. Foods for the construction workforce are usually
provided by itinerant individuals most of who operate without license. This can compromise
health of the workers especially if such foodstuffs are prepared unhygienic ally.
 Sanitary facilities shall be provided and cleanliness shall be ensured as per set standards.
 A fully equipped first aid kit shall be provided and shall be managed by qualified persons.
 Adherence to environmental health and safety regulations.
 Individual food vendors preparing food for the workers at the site shall be controlled and
monitored to ensure that food is hygienically prepared.
 Ensure consistently good water quality through regular water analysis to ascertain
compliance to public health standards.
viii. Construction and Safety: -

As provided for in the factories and other places of work Act; the safety of those in the
workplace should be given the weight it deserves. The following shall be given priority.
 Proper personal protective equipment i.e. safety boots, helmet, goggles, respiratory
equipment and gloves shall be used at all times on the site during construction or as condition
warrant and workers trained on the proper use of tools
 Prior to the start of the construction, all areas shall be inspected for the presence of
potentially hazardous substances.
 Contractors and managers shall use barriers and guards as necessary to protect employees
and visitors from physical hazards. Danger warning or CAUTION will be put at strategic
places.
 The contractor and management shall adhere to the provisions of environmental health and
safety plan (EHS).
36
10 .3.2. Operational Phase
i. Sewage and Effluent: -
Effluent/sewage resulting from sanitary facilities and wastewater from washrooms, from
byproducts of the factory, and chemicals are significant concerns with respect to the environment
if it is untreated. It shall be handled by draining effectively into the existing sewer system. Sound
sanitation will be ensured to influence prevention of outbreak of diseases detrimental for the
general health of the workers, visitors and the general public.
The proponent shall ensure that there are adequate means for handling the large quantities of
sewage generated by the units being directed to the Nairobi county sewer line
ii. Surface drainage
The drainage of the general site is necessary to enhance effective flow of the much-anticipated
surface run-off from impermeable areas within the site.
 Drainage channels shall be installed in all areas that generate or receive surface water and be
connected to the existing storm water drainage channel. The channels shall be covered with
gratings or other suitably approved materials to prevent occurrence of accidents and dirt
entry that may compromise flow of run-off.
 Paving of the sidewalks, parking and other open areas shall be done using pervious materials
i.e. concrete blocks to encourage water percolation thus reducing run-off volume.
 Storm water generated from roof catchments shall be harvested, stored and made use of in
various activities e.g. general cleaning and vegetation watering thus reducing run-off and
pressure on water supply.
iii. Solid Waste
The proposed activities will generate related solid wastes. If solid waste is not removed promptly
away from the generation points it accumulates in to large heaps harboring rats, flies etc. which
transmits disease not to mention bad odors on decomposition.
.
37
 Provision of bins, one for organic matters and the other mineral matter. These will be of
approved type, size and color to effect waste separation and disposal. The bins shall be kept
in a good condition and sanitarily cleaned by frequent washing and disinfecting.
iv. Security: -
Security of the site and those working and living within is of utmost significance. The house-for
gourds within the facility must be assured of their security at all times.
 Strategic installation of lighting as well as security alarms and backup systems
 Hiring security guards within the property to provide security in a 24-hour basis.
 The site shall be fenced. if possible
v. Water Use
During the operational phase, the various activities will require large quantities of water, i.e. for
cleaning, sanitary purposes etc.
 On occupation of the apartments, metering per unit of water shall be done and conservation
be promoted.
 Installation of water conserving taps that turn-off automatically when water is not in use.
 any water leaks through damaged pipes and faulty taps shall be fixed promptly by qualified
staff
vi. Fire hazards: -

The operations that lead to fire outbreaks include poor handling of electricity systems, faulty
electrical equipment, carelessness etc. It is important to consider the issue of fire by bringing in
the element of preparedness. In this regard, the design of the project has provided and
recommended implementation of firefighting measures and control facilities. These include the
following:
 All fire control and fighting facilities shall be installed following county government fire
masters requirements and approval.
 The dwellers shall be encouraged to be aware of requisite actions basic first aid to take in
case of fire outbreaks.
38
 The proponent shall ensure that all firefighting equipment are strategically positioned,
regularly maintained and serviced
 There shall be provided fire hazard signs such as no smoking signs, directions to exit in case of
any fire incidence; and emergency contact numbers shall be provided.
vii. Energy demand and conservation: -
 Energy conservation involves optimum use of fossil fuels, electrical appliances (equipment)
lighting systems and other electric machinery and equipment as used for different purposes.
It also includes the use of renewable energy sources.
a) Electrical appliances: - All the appliances shall be switched off when not in use. Operations
of electrical equipments shall be optimized so that energy is not wasted.
b) Lighting
Energy conserving electrical lamps use shall be encouraged.
 All lights will be put off when not in use

 An alternatives energy source, a generator can be installed.
viii. Accident prevention: -

The following rules will be observed to avoid accidents both during construction and occupation
of the factory work
 Ensure that the operational manuals are available and accessible for every equipment
/machinery
 Properly maintain all machinery and equipment to prevent premature failure or possible
accidents
 All electrical equipment and machinery shall be properly grounded
 Only properly trained employees to operate equipment or machinery and proper instructions
in their safe operation shall be provided.
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11. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP involves the protection, conservation and sustainable use of the various elements or
components of the environment. The EMP for the proposed project provides all the details of
project activities, impacts, mitigation measures, time schedules, costs, responsibilities and
commitments proposed to minimize environmental impacts of activities, including, monitoring
and evaluation and environmental audits during implementation and decommissioning phases of
the project.
Once operation of the business start, the project is expected to generate some volumes of solid
and hazardous (unwanted materials that is believed to be deleterious to human safety or
environment) wastes. By proactively managing these wastes, it can reduce operating costs,
preserve local natural beauty/attraction such as the mangrove, amenities, and reduce odors and
pest infestations. In this regard Diruna corrugated iron sheet and nail factory is expected to
produces solid and liquid wastes equivalent to 69-110 local households combined.
Effective waste management helps ensure the long-term sustainability of the fragile ecosystems
and preserve the natural beauty of the city, and mangrove vegetation. In addition to these long-
term benefits, the factory that practice effective waste management will achieve benefits such as:
 Improved community relations,

 Compliance with government regulations and codes,
 Reduced bad odors and improved aesthetics value and sanitation,
 Reduced man power requirements for waste handling and disposal,
 Revenue from the sale of recyclables waste
 Able to reduce its garbage hauling cost birr 180-190 per month
Setting priority Action
After identifying opportunities for improving waste management, the property should identify
the most attractive measures, prioritize them, and develop a simple implementation schedule or
action plan that assigns responsibilities and set target dates. The main guidelines to remember
when managing waste in order of priority are:
40
 Reduce the generation of waste at the source: reducing the generation of waste is the first
option that should be considered. This approach promotes the efficient use of resources and
reduces the volume of waste materials that must be handled by employees and hauled away
from the property. Responsibility for reducing waste generation generally lies with
managements of the factory, who decides what is brought in to the property and thereby,
determines what eventually leaves the property as waste.
 Reuse all possible items: whenever possible items in their original form for the same or
different purpose rather than discarding them.
 Recycle all possible items: recycling consists of processing and transforming wastes in to
new marketable products. This is the least favorable of the three waste management options
and should be considered only if the reduction and reuse options are not applicable to
specific waste streams.
Table 4. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of the factory

Environmental Potential changes Environmen Mitigations Executive Impleme Implementa
or social tal impacts measures bodies ntation tion
impact costs schedule
Deforestation Removal of Loss of Afforest EPLAUA 9000 December

of trees and vegetation and vegetation endogenous trees office
shrubs for land habitats and habitat
clearing Agriculture office
The proponent
Exacerbating Change in land Land Land development EPLAUA 13,000 February

the land for scape erosion and and a forestation office
construction degradation trees and construct
purpose of land bunds and drainage Agricultural
office
The
proponent
Production of Accumulation of Solid waste Strict solid Municipality 1500 Throughout

corrugated iron residual materials pollution management the year
sheet Health office
The
proponent
The Damage of the Air To construct Police 26,000 At the
41
transporting of roads, change in pollution as asphalted road and Health office construction
construction the quality if air the result of the slow movement phase
and production dust created of vehicles Municipal
inputs and by vehicles
produces and sound The
pollution of proponent
the vehicles
Execration of The Health Careful removal of Health office 18000 Any time
employee accumulation of hazard of liquid wastes
liquid wastes employees Municipal
and out EPLUA
siders offices
The
proponent
Production and Potential hazard Employees Provision of Health office 506,000 Through the
distribution of on employees injury protective materials year
corrugated iron and equipment for Labor and
sheet employment social affairs
insurance coverage office
Municipal
The promotes
Total 573,500
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12. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING/AUDITING PROGRAM
The environmental protection, land administration and use authority shall monitor the action of
the promoter based on its final decision to go ahead. The monitoring shall be continuous and be
based on standards. A close follow up ir required during the construction phase and EPLAUA
shall regularly conduct monitoring of the implementation of waste management practices during
operation phase. The proponent also has a responsibility to conduct environmental auditing and
submits the report to EPLAUA every 6 month.
Table 5. Environmental Monitoring/Auditing
Activities and Issues to be Areas of audit Executive bodies Methodology

mitigation measures audited
Afforest indigenous trees The number of Planting place EFWPDA office Observation
existing trees Agricultural office
Municipality
Land development, The size of bund The size of land EFWPDA office Observation
construction bunds and and number of protected from erosion Agricultural office
afforest trees trees Municipality
Careful solid waste The neatness of the The way of solid and Health office Observation
management whole factory liquid waste management Labor and social office
municipality
Protecting air and The air condition The noise generated by Police Observation and
shound pollution and the sound in the machine and the EFWPDA hearing
the factory surrounding traffic Health office
Municipality
Providing protective The wellbeing of The health and safety of Social and labor affairs Observation
equipment for the employees employees office
employees Health office
Municipality
13. PUBLIC CONSULTATION
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13.1. Public participation
Public participation basically involved encouragement of the public to express their views.
Essentially, it seeks to ensure that due consideration is given to public values, concerns and
preferences when decisions are made.
Consultation and public participation for this proposed project was carried out as detailed here
below:
 The first consultation took place between the consultant and the proponent. The issues
discussed in this first consultative meeting include the following:
 The proposed site location
 The site layout plans and designs
 The title deed
 Proposed project budget
 The second consultation took place between the consultant and the neighbors. After
inspecting the site, the consultant approached immediate neighbors who include land owners
and tenants of the area. The objectives of consultation with neighbors include;
 To disseminate and inform the area residents about the proposed project with special
reference to its key components, location and expected impacts.
 To create awareness among area residents on the need for EIA for the proposed project and
its due process.
 To gather comments, concerns and suggestions of the immediate neighbors.
 To ensure their concerns were known to the developer and associates at an early phase of
project development planning.
 To establish a communication channel between the residents, consultants and the proponent.
The consultant moved from door to door explaining the proposed project details. A
questionnaire was used to elicit views of stakeholders concerning the proposed project. A
44
sample of the neighbor’s comments, occupation, contacts and signatures has been appended
in this report.
There was no objection to the proposed project by any member of the neighboring community.
They however reiterated that more emphasis should be put towards ensuring that the proposed
project and its infrastructure would not negatively interfere with the environmental integrity of
the surrounding areas. Most of those interviewed welcomed the development of this project in
the area.
13.2. Methods of Public Participation
 Questionnaires
Detailed questionnaires on the project were administered among the neighbors and other
stakeholders within the vicinity of the project. Form the analysis; few are opposed to the project.
They are proposing various mitigation measures to be implemented and their recommendations
have been captured in the EMP. Sample questionnaires have been attached to the study report as
an
13.3. Major findings of consultations
The consultation undertaken with the community was critical and helpful for the smooth
operation of the factory and in this regard there were around 28 individuals in the discussion
cession. Key findings of the consultations are given below.
Table 6. Major findings during consultation with stakeholders

S.N Raised issue Response Responsib
le body
1 The benefit of the The factory is going to produce different types of nails and different The
factory to the types of corrugated iron sheet metal. And those products will be proponent
community supplied to the community with less price and contribute for the
enhancement of the construction sector in the administrative zone
and the surrounding community
3 Dust and noise As much as possible to due attention will be given to decrease the Proponent
noise and dust during construction and installation of the plant
4 Waste There will be an outlet to remove the wastes generated from the Proponent
management factory
45
5 Impact on the As this plant is going to be installed in a far distance from the Proponent
surrounding existing factories in the surrounding area, there will not be negative s
factories impact on the existing flour , quanta and concentrated animal feed
processing plants
From the discussion undertaken with the concerned individuals it has been understood that no
residential or commercial structures are affected. Besides to this it has been assured that as the
establishment of the factory has no any negative impact in other factories and the like.
14. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

14.1. Conclusion
46
The proposed project has integrated mitigation measures with a view to ensuring compliance
with all the applicable laws and procedures. During project implementation and occupation,
Sustainable Environmental Management (SEM) will be ensured through avoiding
inadequate/inappropriate use of natural resources, conserving nature sensitively and guaranteeing
a respectful and fair treatment of all people working on the project, general public at the vicinity
and inhabitants of the project. In relation to the proposed mitigation measures that will be
incorporated during construction phase, the development’s input to the society; and cognition
that the project proponent is economically and environmentally sound, establishments are
considered beneficial and important. It is our considerable opinion that the proposed
development is a timely venture that will help alleviate housing shortage
The consultants strongly feel that the proponents shall respond to the design and location and
recommendations provided to mitigate the environmental impacts. Similarly the proponents shall
commit themselves to implement the waste management mechanisms during the operation phase.
Through the future build up waste treatment design recommended requires the proponent’s
additional commitment; the benefits are believed to significantly outweigh the escalation of
commitment. EFWPDA needs to take a stand to facilitate and monitor the implementation of the
mitigation measures. As there is a gap on both sides (the licensed authority and the proponents),
the consultants advise the parties to implement the recommendations without impeding the
construction activities as this will disrupt the proponents investment activity and delay the
schedule.
The project development requires municipal solid and liquid wastes disposal services that are
currently scare in Sekota. Dump containers and trucks are short of supply, yet the factory needs
to access the services in competition with the local population. This may adversely affect the
health of the local population, so the proponent should bring at least liquid waste disposal
vacuumed track. Introducing of a solid waste storage and sorting facility for the safe disposal of
organic and inorganic wastes. The assortment would enable the company to separate the
materials to be recycled, reused and the solid organic wastes to be transported to the municipality
garbage disposal site.
14.2. Recommendation
47
 Ensure that worker’s occupational health and safety standards are maintained through
capacity building, proper training, providing protective clothing and managing their
residential camps up to the required health standards.
 Annual environmental audits should be carried out on the project in order to ensure
compliance of the project with the mitigation measures outlined in the Environmental
Management Plan (EMP),
 All activities concerning construction and maintenance such as, work execution, site
inspection, and material testing, shall be strictly monitored by an engineer or a designated
official. This is important to ensure quality of maintenance works. Engineers and/or
designated official shall be trained and experienced enough to judge the appropriateness of
the work executed in order to carry out the monitoring properly both during construction and
production of output (metal sheet and nails)
 The proponent should therefore follow the guidelines as set by the relevant departments to
safeguard and envisage environmental management principles during construction and
operation/occupation phases of the proposed project.
 It is important that warning/ informative sign (bill boards) be erected at the site. These should
indicate the operation hours and when works are likely to be started and completed. The
signs should be positioned in a way to be easily viewed by the public and mostly motorists.
 Solid waste should be disposed appropriately to avoid creation of illegal dumpsites which
will finally become a health hazards in the area.
 All solid waste materials and debris resulting from construction activities should be
transported and leveled at sites approved by the local authority engineer.
 Other appropriate soil erosion control measures should be adapted. Any stockpiles of earth
should be enclosed, covered or sprinkled with water during dry or windy conditions to
minimize generation of dust particles into the air.
 Once earthworks have been done, restoration of the worked areas should be carried out
immediately by backfilling, landscaping/ leveling and planting of suitable tree species.
 Proper and regular maintenance of construction machinery and equipment will reduce
emission of hazardous fumes and noise resulting from friction of metal bodies. Maintenance
should be conducted in a designated area and in a manner not to interfere with the
environment.
48
 A fully equipped first aid kit should be provided within the site.
 Workers should get food that is hygienically prepared. The source of such food should be
legalized or closely controlled.
 The contractor should have workmen’s compensation cover and is required to comply with
workmen’s compensation Act as well as other relevant ordinances, regulations and Union
Agreements.
 The contractor should provide adequate security during the construction period.
 During operation phase the proponent should employ a cleaner to maintain the sanitary
facilities in a clean state all the time.
 The proponent should install rain water harvesting and storage facilities to supplement pipe
water
 The management of the environment needs to be broad and public awareness is necessary to
take into account ecological considerations in the decision-making process
 Different experts such as civil and chemical engineers, economists and ecologists should be
operational within one organization and they should work together on the development of
proper environmental management policies.
 Cooperation between environment department should be strengthened..
 Close involvement of local people in the development activities of Sekota at all levels of
project formulation, implementation, operation and maintenance is necessary.
 The implementation area should be according to the zoning plan. This will mobilize entire
local communities for sustainable development activities complying with all the rules and
regulations resulting into an integrated and desired mode of development of the entire areas.
15. REFERENCES
49
 ARARI and FAO, 2003 Improving the natural resource base and rural well beings in the
Ethiopian highlands: A technical workshop in the formulation of project activities for
supporting the GEF and bilateral Agencies. (25-27, Nov. 2003), Bahir Dar.
 AyalewWonde, 2006(PHD thesis)
 AlemnewAlelign, 2011. Diversity and socio-economic importance of woody plants on the
peninusula of Zegie, North-West Ethiopia: implication for their sustainable utilization. M.Sc
Thesis, Wondo Genet. 83L
 DawitAbebe and AhaduAyehu, 1993. Medicinal plants and enigmatic health practices in
northern Ethiopia, Addis Ababa.
 EPA, 2000. Environmental impact assessment guideline document. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
EPA, 2003 environmental protection procedural guideline. Addis Ababa Ethiopia,
 EPA, 2003 guideline for reviewing environmental impact study reports. Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia
 EPLAUA, 2004. General environmental impact assessment guidelines. Bahir Dar
 Amos Kiriro and Calestous Juma (eds) 1991: Gaining ground: institutional innovations in land
use management in Kenya. Acts press. Nairobi, Kenya.
 GOK 1978: Local Government Act (cap 265) laws of Kenya.
 GOK 1986: Session Paper no. 1 of 1986 on development prospects and policies, government
printers
 GOK 1992: Environmental Action Plans for Arid and semi-Arid lands in Kenya
 GOK 1999: Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) 1999.
 GOK 1999: session Paper No 6 of 1999 on Environmental and Development.
 GOK 2002: water Act Law of Kenya. Kenya Gazette supplements no. 107 (Acts No 9) Nairobi
October 2002
 GoK.(2010) . The Constitution of Kenya, 2010.Kenya Law Reforms. Nairobi, Government
Printers.
 James Win penny 1994: Managing water as an economic resource- Rout ledge, London
 Munishinge Mohan1993: Environmental Economics and Sustainable development. The World
Bank washing DC
50
APPENDIXES
Appendix 1:
Schedule to conduct Diruna integrated corrugated iron sheet metal and nails producing
factory EIA study
 Organize the team of experts involving in the EIA study Sep 22 - 27/2017
 Send the team of expert to project area to conduct the preliminary screening and personal
observation Oct 10- 15/2017
 Consult the proponent and other concerned stakeholders collect and obtain the relevant
information to conduct the scoping report Oct 16- 18/2017
 Preparing the scoping report and submit to the competent Authority Oct 20- Nov 2/2017
 Receive comments on the scoping report ,amend it and submit it to the concerned body
,Nov 3-5/ 2017
 Organize and conduct the EIA after obtaining the permission from the complent Authority
and submit ,from Nov 6 to Nov 10/2017
 Receive the comments on the draft EIA ,Amend and submit the final document, Nov 12
16/2017
51
Appendix 2:
Data collection check list for the EIA study of Diruna corrugated metal sheet and nail producing
factory ( This checklist has been translated in to Amharic while proved to the community and
other selected groups)
1. Background of the project:
 Why there was need for installation of the factory or the project in this specific area
 Funding and any conditionality
 Possible alternatives
 Challenges encountered e.g. land acquisition and compensation, terrain, vegetation
2. Anticipated environmental impacts before construction
 What were the anticipated environmental problems before construction of the factory began?
3. Mitigation measures for anticipated impacts and new ones if any Sources of building
materials
 Ballast
 Sand,
 Soil
4. Main sources of water
 Rivers
 Streams
 Treatment plant
 Others, specify
5. Approximate amount of water abstracted at each source per day?
6. Conflicts over water use with
 domestic users
 industrial users
7. Drainage
 Action taken to address storm water
8. Biodiversity in the area covered by project
 Unique biodiversity
 Any adverse effect on identified biodiversity
52
 Removal of vegetation along the route
 Mitigation measures
9. Waste management
Types of waste from the factory construction
 Oil based wastes/pollutants
 Other
10. Management of this
waste------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Soil degradation
 Type of soil and reason
 Source (s)
 Mitigation measures
 Evidence of soil erosion along the route
 Mitigation measures
12. Aesthetics
 Landscape changes/change of scenery
 Glare at night
13. Incorporation of the community in EIA study
 Involvement of the community in the construction of the factory
 Any other consideration?
14. Other environmental impacts e.g. noise, dust and gaseous missions
15. If you have anything to say about the establishment of the
factory-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
Thank you very much for your time and cooperation
53

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT

REPORT ON CORRUGATED IRON SHEET

Address: Sekota town administration

Prepared by: GREEN PEACE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANCY

e-mail: mogesmek56@gmail.com, gebratkidie@yahoo.com

The promoter’s profile

A specific environmental impact is not necessarily irreversible or permanent. Incorporating

3. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study included the following areas of work:

4. GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

4.1. Specific objective of the study

The methodology used in the study consisted of the following.

The limitation of the study includes:

7.1. Environmental policies of Ethiopia

Intergenerational justice and equity have to be addressed by endorsing sustainable development

7.2. National Legal Instruments

Proclamation of the constitution of the Federal democratic republic of Ethiopia proclamation No

 Improved living standards and to sustainable development

Relevance of the project

 Priority will be given to local community for available vacancy

Article 92 Environmental Rights

Relevance for the project

Environmental impact assessment proclamation (proclamation No 181/2003)

Projects to be commenced would normally have to inflict minimal environmental damage.

Relevance for the project

 This report could be used as legal document for future activities

 All compensation fees were dealt by the government

The environmental pollution control proclamation (proclamation No 513/95)

Relevance for the project

 Well- structured waste handling procedure will be prepared

Relevance for the project

 Workers equality will be assured

 Minimum wage has been made to fit local standard of living

8. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND ALTERNATIVES

8.1. Raw Materials

1 low carbon steel wire Tone 1.9 43.7 524.4

2 cold rolled steel sheet Tone 1.8 41.4 496.8

3 Saw dust(powder) Tone 1.4 32.2 386.4

4 Zinc Tone 1.5 34.5 414

5 HC1 Tone 2 46 552

6 Ammonium chloride Tone 1.4 32.2 386.4

7 Packing material Tone 1.9 43.7 524.4

1 28 gauge Tone 0.6 13.8 165.6

2 30 gauge Tone 0.80 18.4 220.8

3 32 gauge Tone 1.4 32.2 386.4

8.2. Production Process

8.4. Utility and Accessory Items

8.6. Project Alternatives Considered

8.7. Factory waste Management system

i) Wastes generated as a result of facility decommissioning activities shall be characterized in

9.1. Physical Environment

9.2. Socio - Economic Environment

9.2.1. Size and growth pattern of the population

9.2.1.1. Population size of Sekota town

9.2.2. Distribution of population

9.2.2.1. Age and sex distribution

9.2.3. Social Amenities

9.2.4.2. Financial Institutes