Unit -1

Physical Education
 Unit Contents

1.1 Meaning & Objectives Of Planning

1.2 Various Committees & its Responsibilities (pre;
during & post)
1.3 Tournament – Knock-Out, League Or Round Robin
& Combination
1.4 *Procedure To Draw Fixtures – Knock-Out (Bye &
Seeding) & League (Staircase & Cyclic)
Complete Chapter’s Summary
Bye:-

The advantage given to a team usually by drawing a lot, and

exempting it from playing a match in the first round is known as
Bye. These are given to a specific number of teams in the first
round.
The number of byes are decided by subtracting the number of
teams from the next higher number which is in power of two’s.

Bye = Next Higher Power of 2 - no of Team

3 Steps to Find No. of Byes :

1. No. of Teams, i.e. N = ?

2. Next Higher Power of 2

3. 2^x - N
The procedure of giving byes is as follows:

The first bye is given to last team of lower

half.

The second bye is given to first team of upper

half.

The third bye is given to first team of lower

half.

The fourth bye if given to last team of upper

half.
The next bye or byes will be given in the same
order as described above.
Methods of Preparing Fixtures for Knock-out
Tournaments:-

1. Total number of teams participating in the

tournament = n
2. Total number of matches to be played in the
tournament = n-1, where n is the total
number of teams participating in the
tournament.
3. Total number of rounds played in the
tournament depends upon two things :-

a. The number of teams playing in the

tournament.
b. The higher nearest number from the total
number of teams of power of two’s
4. Method of determining the number of teams in
upper half and lower half:-

a. If he number of teams is even, then equal number

of teams will be divided in both halves i.e- n/2,
where n is the total number of teams.

b. If the number of teams is odd, the following

method is applied: Number of teams in upper
half=(n+1)/2,where n=number of teams. Number of
teams in lower half=(n-1)/2,where n=number of
teams
5. The number of byes is a knock-out tournament
are decided by subtracting total number of teams
from the next higher nearest number in power of
two’s.
Draw a knock out fixture of 17 teams?

No. of teams = 17,

Total No. of matches = N-1 = 17-1 = 16

No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)/2

= (17+1)/2 = 9

No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)/2 = (17-1)/2

=8
Total no. of byes = 32 - 17 = 15 byes,

No. of byes in upper half = (NB-1)/2 = (15-1)/2

=7
No. of byes in lower half = (NB+1)/2 = (15+1)/2
=8
Total rounds = 5 => 25
Practice Question
Draw a knock out fixture of 5 teams?

1. No. of teams = 5,
2. Total No. of matches = N-1 = 5-1 = 4

3. No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)/2

= (5+1)/2 = 3

No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)/2 = (5-1)/2

=2
4. Total no. of byes = 8 - 5 = 3 byes,

No. of byes in upper half = (NB-1)/2 = (3-1)/2

=1
No. of byes in lower half = (NB+1)/2 = (3+1)/2
=2

5. Total rounds => 23 = 3

League tournament :

In this type each team plays with every other team once
if it is a single league tournament and each team plays
with every other team twice if it is a double league
tournament.
(a) Cyclic method:

In cyclic method, If the number of teams is in even number, the

team number 1 is fixed on the top of left hand side and then
other team numbers in ascending order consecutively
downward and then upward on the left hand side and then from
the next round teams will rotate in clockwise direction.

If the number of teams is odd then the bye is fixed on the top
of right hand side and rest of the procedure will remain same. If
the number of team is even number than number of rounds will
be (N-1). If the number of teams is odd number then number of
rounds will be equal to number of teams.
Draw a League fixture of 4 teams?

1. No. of teams = 4,

2. Total No. of matches = [N(N-1)]/2 = [4(4-1)]/2

=6

3. No. of Rounds = N-1 = 4-1 = 3

Draw a League fixture of 5 teams?

1. No. of teams = 5,

2. Total No. of matches = [N(N-1)]/2 = [5(5-1)]/2

= 10

3. No. of Rounds = N = 5
(b) Stair-case Method:

In stair-case method, the fixtures are made just like a

ladder or a stair- case. In this method, no bye is given
to any team and there is no problem of even or odd
number of teams.
British method is used to declare the winner in a League
tournament.

In British method there is a point system

The team who won the match gets 2 points. And losing team gets 0
points.
In case of tie 1 point is awarded to each team.

British Formula is
(Total points obtained / Total possible points) *100
American method :

Formula is
(Matches won / Total matches played) *100
Previous Year Questions
1. No. of matches in knockout tournament of 34 teams are?
[2020]

A. 31
B. 32
C. 33
D. 34
Q.2. How many bye will be given for 21 teams on the knock out basis.

(a) 11.
(b) 12
(c) 14
(d) 17
Case Studies
CBSE Sample Paper Questions
Q2. . What is the formula to divide
an odd number of teams in the
upper half for a knockout fixture?

a) N+1/2
b) N-1/2
c) N(N-1)/2
d) N(N+1)/2
Q9. Formula for determining
the number of bye in the
lower half of a knockout
fixture when number of byes
are odd?

a) (nb+1) / 2
b) (nb-1) / 2
c) nb /2
d) nb+1
Q22. The formula for determining
the number of rounds in a single
league fixture when the number
of teams is even?

a) N
b) N-1/2
c) N-1
d) N(N-1)/2
Q28. How many matches
will be played if there are
22 teams for the knockout
fixture?

a) 10
b) 21
c) 12
d) 32
Q29. How many byes will
be given if there are 8
teams in the league
tournament?

a) 7
b) 5
c) 4
d) 0
Q36. How many rounds will
be played if the number of
teams are 29 in the
knockout fixture?

a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 3
Assertion and Reason Based
Questions
.