consider a

plane wave incident normally on a

long narrow slit of width 0 2 mm The Fraunhoffer

diffraction pattern is observed on the fecalplane
a lens whosefocallength is 20cm Assuming
of A GOO nm

determine thepositions the

a
of firstand second
minima
b determine the
positionsoffirst and second
maxima on the observerplane

2 For a pinhole camera the distance between

pinhole and therecording film observerplane is
10 cm Whatshould be thepinhole diameter so as to
resolvetwo objectslocated at
optimally infinity
3 Consider a double slit diffractionpattern with
a 80 he O 7mm A 633 nm wavelength
fun
the source How minima will be there
of many
between the two orderdiffraction minima
first
on eitherside
ofprinciple maximum At the
observerplanelocated at 2 m
fromthe lute slits
determine the distance between two interference
47 consider a diffractiongrating with 8000 lines

per inch and assume that

lightof wavelength
546 nm and 546 0072 nm illuminates the
over a 50 mm
grating regionof

Calculate the number orders in the

of
diffractionspectrum
b In which diffractionorder will the two
be resolved
wavelengths
5 A diffractiongrating with 15000 lines per
inch is illuminated
by white light wavelength
400 nm to FOO nm How much
ranges from
will be the separation betweenthe
angular
400 nm and 700 nm in the 2nd
wavelength
order thespectrum Also show that the
of
3rd order the diffractionspectrumoverlaps
of
with the 2ndorder over a
rangeofangular
distribution

67 consider a diffractiongrating width 5cm

of
with slits
of width 1punseparatedby
a distance 5pun Determine thegratingelement
lines unit
 of 1 eng
X 500 how
If nm
many
orders diffraction
of
patterncould be observed
Will therebe missing order in this case
any
Determine the dispersivepower in the
1st In 1 and hidCn 2 order diffraction
of
spectrum

77 What is the resolvingpowerof a diffraction

per inch in the
15000 lines
grating with
2nd in
ofits diffractionspectrum Ifwhite
2
X 400 700 is incident on the
light nm

grating determine the width ofprinciple

maxima located at 0 00

87 Assuming is determined
resolvingpowerofeye
diffraction calculate the
by effectsonly
maximum distance at which two objects
separated a distance 2 m can be
by of
resolved by I Assumepupildiameter to
eye
be 2mm and N 600 n m

97 Estimate Evaluate the Fraunhofferdiffraction

patternproduced by a double slit arrangement
with shotsof widths to and 3b with their
 respective centers separatedby distance Gb
Draw a
qualitativeplot as a
functionof
0 to representthe pattern

107Consider a telescope
having an objectiveofdiameter
5 am and focallength30 am
a What is the minimum resolution
angular
the telescope
of
b Assuming the pupildiameter to be 4mm
eye
calculate the focallengthof piecerequired
eye
to utilizetheobjectiveresoution
fully
7 Assumingidealconditionsand absenceofatmospheric
turbulence estimate the linear separationbetween
twoobjects on the surface moon that can
of of
be resolved observer on earth
just by
an

naked pupil diameter

using eye assuming of
5 Assume a 550 nm
wavelengthof
mm

27 Plane waves from 2

lightsources ofequal
intensity is incident on long narrow slit ofwidth
a'and the Fraunhoferdiffractionpattern is
observed on the back
focalplaneof a lens Ifthe
resolved calculatethe drop in
sources are
just
intensity withrespectto the maximum midway
betweenthe maxima
 Fresnel's diffraction

1 consider a Gaussianbeam propagation as discussed

in class Show that
a The
intensity foropagating Gaussianbeam is
of
given by
Ig exp f 217 77 I
Iea
y
Determine 8 in the expression alone
b The diffraction is given 20 where
angle by
tano I
IT No

Ica da
fFf
c Evaluatethe
integral y dy
and show that it is independentof 2

Z A plane wave ca 600nm is incident on

normally
a circular aperture
ofradius a
a Assume a I mm calculatethe values 2 on
of
the axis which maximum intensity will
for occur

b Perform the same calculationwhen A 500nm

and a I mm
c Assume E 50con Calculatethevalues a
of
 for which minimum
intensity will occur on

the axial point

3 Aplane wave
of aP
b 43
intensity Io is incident za
o u a
normally on a circular
aperture as shown
in the
figureTheradius
theapertureis 2A what will be the
of
on axial pointOn
intensity

4 consider
straightedgebeingilluminatedby
a

a parallel beam with A O 6am

oflight
calculatethepositions the 1sttwo maxima
of
and minima on a screen at a distance 50cm
of
from theedge
5 A Gaussian beam at a
wavelengthof 1pm
travellingalong 2 direction is found to have
a radius
convergingsphericalwavefrontof of
curvature 10me at a certain position
of
and a divergingsphericalwavefront
of
radiusof curvature 10me at a distance 2 me
it Obtain the minimum spotsize1w
from
and its position
 Aglassfolateofrefractiveindex l G is incontact with another
glassfolateofrefractiveindex along a wedgesuchthat a
18
0 50 is
wedgeof formed Lightofwavelength500 n na
is incident the
vertically thewedge and fringepattern
on

isviewed
fromthe top Calculate thefringewidth Ifthe
wholeapparatus is immersed in a oil refractive
of
index 17 what will be the new fringe width

2 Twoplaneglassplates are placed on topof one

another On one side a cardboard is introduced to
form a thin wedgeof air Assumingthat a beamof
wavelength600 nm is incidentnormally and that
there are 100interferencefringesfercentimeter
calculate the wedgeangle

3 consider a beam a centralfrequency

having
1014
of
V Vo G X HZ
It exhibits a spectralwidth 1frequencyspread of
7000MHZ centered about Vo Thebeam is incident

normally on a
Fabry Perotinterferometer Letthedistance
betweenthetwo mirrors be h tocon Determine
how will bepresent in the
manyfrequencies
transmitted beam fromthe interferometer
4 In scanning Fabry Perotinterferometer
a we

the betweenthetwo mirrors

vary separation
and measure theintensity on the focalplane
of
thelens
ho 7
f i 7
I
I l p
I t 7
Il l
s
L
n

The actual separationbetweenthetwo mirrors

therefore is givenby h hotn
Consider a monochromatic beam u Vo G x 10 it

incident
normally on theinterferometer with
ho 10 am and assume that theregionbetween
thetwo mirror is
filled with air calculateand
plotthe variationofpoint P as a functionof n
Assume F I 00

5 consider a Fabry Perotinterferometer with

my I h I and F 400 where n'is the
refractive index ofthe medium betweenthe
mirrors and hi is theseparationbetweenthe
two mirrors Calculatethereflectivity
ofeach
mirror
G A Gaussian beam is out
coming of a laser
Assume A 600mm and that at E 0 thebeam
width is Imm and thephasefrontis plane
Aftertraversing 10 m through vacuum
what will be a the beam width and
b the radius curvature thephasefront
of of
F In a
straightedgecliffactionpattern
assume No 500 nm and I 100 am what
will beapproximatevalues
P 0.5 mm
of Ito at the
I o mm
Q
points
R
y
I 0mm where
ly
is at the
ly edgeof
geometricalshadow
ay
Q
p
Z
O
L d
R
n
straight
edge
8 In the
a
straight edge diffractionpattern if
600mm and the
wavelengthoflightused is if
distancebetweenthe screen and
straightedge
is 100 con calculate thedistancebetweenthe
most intense maximum and the next minimum
 dafforo alely the l ceeneenlum
inside the geometricalshadowwhereEo 0I

9 The variation on the front focalplane

field
ofalensoffocallength20anisgivenby
At
gca.y7 BCoscGTaltcCoschity

Here n'and
y'areinmm
a What are thespatialfrequenciespresentin
thefield
b What kind would observe at
of pattern
you
thebackfocallengthofthelens Assume a

600mm
wavelengthof an
P L H
P L Pz
10

f
X f s
f k f

Inastpatialfrequencyfilteringset up.onthe
plane Piliesinanobjectoftheform
Affospitan tCos 2 whichis
gen

illuminated
by a plane wave Anthelplanepais
folacedafitterhavinga transmittance
 T 1
a
foe se e o
O
for a 70

obtain the intensity distribution on plane B

object distribution of theform

H consider an

f g
Ge I t 0 2Cos 2 out
Ig
03 sin
50ftGI

where n'and are in millimeters a what

y
the spatial frequenciespresent in the object
are
b the above in thefrontfocal
If objectisplaced
plane a lens focallength 20cm and
of of
illuminatednormally by a plane wave
of
wavelength Item showschematically
whatwould beobserved on the backfocal
folane of the lens
12 Thebeam
comingoutof a laseroscillating in
thefundamentalmode at a wavelengthof
600 nm is foundtohavethefollowing
amplitudedistribution
be A f t 0 I sin 20in MY7
f y
e

where u are measured in millimeters

y
a Plot the n variation the
of intensitypattern
 line
of bearnalong y
b How would use a spatial
filtering
you
arrangement tonemouethefastoscillatory
noisytermintheintensity pattern