Roll NO: 45

Project location: Ureni VDC-1, Nuwakot

No of house hold: 202
Minimum flow in river: 150Ltr/sec
Gross head: 29
Power demand : 13
Design MHp with above data assume suitable data

1. Appropriate size of diameter of penstock pipe

Velocity in the pipe = 2m/s
Using the formula
Diameter of penstock (Dm) =((4 ×Q m3/s) / (π ×Vm/s)) 0.5
=((4 ×0.15) / (π ×2)) 0.5
= 0.31m
2. Size of wall thickness of penstock pipe
Thickness of pipe, is Tp= ((pkg/cm2×Dcm)/(2 ×ρkg/cm2))/0.8 + C
Where as Tp =thickness of pipe in cm
p=working pressure on pipe including surge in kg/cm2
D =pipe internal diameter in cm, 15 cm in this case
ρ=permissible stress of material 1200 kg /cm2for MS sheet
C=corrosion factor 0.1 cm for 10 year life for mild steel
total working pressure head is 29m + 50% of 29m. = 43.5m. say, 4.35 kg/cm )
2

Then, Tp= ((P kg/cm2* Dcm) / (2 * ρ kg/cm2))/0.8 + C

= ((4.35 * 310) / (2 * 1200))/0.8 + 0.1
=0.802 cm (Appprox 1 Cm)
3. head loss in Penstock Pipe

Head loss of the pipe can be calculated using the formula

a) Pipe head loss
b) Bend head loss
a)Determine Pipe Head Loss:
Head loss of the pipe can be calculated using the formula
a) Pipe head loss
b) Bend head loss
a)Determine Pipe Head Loss:
Friction factor MoodiChart is = 0.0262
Therefore, ΔHp=(f ×Lm×v2) / (2g ×Dm)
=(0.0262×70×2×2)/(2×9.81×0.31)
= 1.206 m
b) Determine Bend Head Loss
Let, Friction coefficient of 14 degree bend, kb= 0.07,
Therefore, Head loss in bend, ΔHb= k (v2/ 2 g)
=0.07 (22/2 ×9.81)
=0.01427 m per bend
But, there are many items where head loss will be occurred as 4 bends and
there will be 2 expansion joints, 1 valve, 1 adaptor, 1 entrance loss etc.
Total there will be 10 times similar head loss of bend. Hence, net head losses
in all bends is =0.01427*10 = 0.1427 m.
Hence,

Total head loss is ( ΔHtotal)= 1.206 + 0.1427 = 1.3488 m. It is acceptable

since it is less then 5% of gross head (1.45m)
Check the net head of the scheme:
Net head Hn = Hg - ΔHtot
=29-1.3488
=27.6511 m

4. mechanical power output of the plant

Hnet= 27.6511 m and Discharge, Q = 150 l/s

From nomogram head and flow. It shows type of turbine will be Pelton multijet.

η(turb)= 0.85 (Efficiency of turbine can be expected about 85% )

On the basis of these data the shaft output can be calculated using the following
formula:

Pshaft(kW) = (gH(m)Q (m3/s)η (turb))

= (1000×9.81×27.6511 (m)×0.15(m3/s × 0.65 (turb))

= 26.44 KW

5. The speed of the turbine Nturn:

To calculate the speed of turbine depends upon the rotor diameter of the turbine and head.

Let us say rotor diameter is 300 mm and net head is27.6511m.

Velocity of jet at inlet, V1=Cv×(2 ×g ×Hn)0.5

=0.97 ×(2 ×9.81 ×27.6511) 0.5

=22.6m/sec

Velocity of wheel, U2= Ku×V1

=0.46× 22.6

=10.4m/s
Nturn = (60 ×U2) / (×D) (D = 0.3 m=approx. dia of runner= , manufactured in Nepal)

=661.82 rpm (approx 670 rpm)

6. The specific speed of the turbine

specific speed, Ns=Nturb×((Pshaft(kW))0.5/Hn 1.25)

= 670 ×((26.44)) / 27.6511 )
0.5 1.25

= 54.33

7. the electrical power output of the plant

Normally veebelt will be selected. Efficiency will be 80% i.e.

η(trans)= 0.8
Generator will be selected synchronous type. Efficiency will be
70% i.e. η(gen)= 0.70
Hence the guaranteed electrical output can be calculated using
following formulae
Pel(kW) = P(shaft)×η(trans)×η(gen)

= 26.44 × 0.8 × 0.7

=14.8 KW