FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

(FKAAB)

BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING WITH HONOURS

BFA 40403 WASTE WATER ENGINEERING DESIGN

COURSE CODE BFA 40403

COURSE WASTE WATER ENGINEERING DESIGN
SESSION/SEMESTER 1/20212022
SECTION 1
LECTURER Dr. NUR ADILA BINTI Ab. AZIZ
GROUP NUMBER 9
GROUP MEMBER 1) NAWAL SYAHIRAH BINTI ABU SOID
(CF180050)
2) PUTERI NURAZRINA BINTI ISHAK
(AF170181)
3) MUHAMMAD FITRI BIN SAMAT
(CF180024)
4) AMIRUL ASHRAF BIN NOR AZHAM
(CF180069)
5) FARIS AIMAN BIN ROSELI
(CF180064)
SUBMISSION DATE
 CHAPTER I

GENERAL

1.1 THE PROJECT

Group 9 Engineering Consultants SDN BHD is developing a hotel with 20 rooms. The
location and site plan of the proposed development is as shown in the drawing.

1.2 SEWERAGE SUBMISSION

This technical report on the sewerage scheme outlines the conceptual design for the
proposed project and is prepared according to Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia approval.
Detailed calculations and drawing for the scheme are also submitted together with this
report.

1.3 SEWERAGE SCHEME

1.3.1 Phasing and Demand

Group 9 Engineering Consultants SDN BHD had intended to carry out the proposed
hotel with 20 rooms building. Sewerage is generally provided for usage.

To estimate the daily demand, the following rates of water consumption

abstracted from JKR spec are adopted.
 Table 2.1 Type of building

BIL Type of building unit

1. hotel 1

1.4 TYPE OF SEWERAGE

This building will used gravity sewer, and the type of pipe that going to be used is
Vitrified clay pipes (VC) as show in figure below. Gravity sewer being apply because is
cheaper and the condition on site allow to used it.

The design criteria are summarised in the following table:-

a) Minimum pipe size : 225mm diameter

b) Gradiant pipe : 1/200

c) Max allowable infiltration : 50 litre/ (mm diameter.km of

sewer length day)

d) Minimum velocity : 0.8 m/s<v< 4.0 m/s

e) Minimum depth : 1.2m

f) Manning coefficient : 0.010

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 Figure 2.1 VC pipe

Table 2.2 Roughness pipe material

For the Roughness will consider as concrete and new pipe will be used which is 0.06

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1.5 DESIGN OF GRAVITY SEWER

Minimum sewer will consider as 1.2m. Equation that being used is Manning Equation
and table below show the manning coefficient will be consider and for the peak flow
will be based on the following equation:

 Manning Equations

𝑅2/3 𝑆1/2 …(2.1)

𝑉=
𝑛

Where:-

V =
S =
V =
R =
n =
velocity
hydraulic gradient (m/m)
kinematic viscosity of water (m2/s)
hydraulic radius
Manning coefficient

Table 2.3 Typical Manning Coefficient, n

 CHAPTER II

CALCULATION

2.1 PEAK FLOW

For estimation of the daily demand, the following rates of water consumption
abstracted from SPAN are adopted:-

Table 2.1 Population Equivalent (SPAN)

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 Table 2.2 Population Equivalent

Type of Nos. of Per Area Nos. of P.E Per Sub Total

building Unit (m2) person Area P.E

hotel 20 - - 4 80

Public Toilet 5 - - 15 75

Total Population Equivalent 155

Total PE = 155

Average Daily Flow, 𝑸𝒂𝒗𝒈 = Design Flow Rate x PE

= 155 x (0.225 / 24 x 60 x 60)

= 403.645 x 10−6

𝑃𝐸 −0.11
𝐏𝐞𝐚𝐤 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 (𝐏𝐅𝐅) = 4.7 x ( )
1000
155 −0.11
= 4.7 x ( )
1000
= 5.77

𝑚3
𝑷𝒆𝒂𝒌 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒘 (𝑸𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒌 ) = 𝑃𝐹𝐹 𝑥 𝑃𝐸 𝑥 0.225
𝑑𝑎𝑦
= 5.77 x 155 x (0.225 / 24 x 60 x 60)

= 2.33 x 10−3 𝑚 3 /𝑠

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Design criteria of bar rack (Coarse Screen)

A minimum of two screens are required for duty and standby. Facility for a screened
bypass must be provided in the event of clogging. Where mechanically cleaned
screening, devices are installed auxiliary manually cleaned screen shall be provided.

Table 2.3 Provision Requirement of Secondary Screens

Numbers of Secondary Screen
Requirements
≤5000 PE
Manual 1 Unit
Duty
Mechanical -
Manual -
Standby
Mechanical -
Bypass Screen 1 Unit

Table 2.4 Design Parameters for Secondary Screens

Design Criteria
Description Unit
Manually Raked
Maximum clear spacing mm 12

Slope to vertical 30° - 45°

Maximum approach velocity at feed
m/s 1.0
channel
Maximum flow through velocity at
m/s 1.0
the screen face
Minimum freeboard mm 150*
Estimated volume of screenings per
See Figure 2.1
volume of sewage
Screenings skip storage capacity day 7

Minimum channel width mm 500

Minimum channel depth mm 500

Anti-skid and
RC Staircase with riser detail 1 unit
non-corrosive

4
Figure 2.1 Quantities of Screenings Collected from Primary Screens

5
Design Calculation

Proposed Size

B = 0.3 m

D= 0.4 m

1. Approach velocity, Va

Va = 2.33 x 10−3 𝑚 3 /𝑠

2.33 x 10−3 𝑚 3 /𝑠
=
(0.3 𝑚 × 0.4 𝑚)

= 0.0019 𝑚/𝑠

2. No. of bars, n

Assuming bar wide = 12mm

Clear opening = 25 mm

Opening (n+1) + size of bars (n) = B (Total width)

0.025n + 0.025 +0.012n = 0.3

0.037n = 0.275

n = 7.43

n ≈ 7 bars

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Check:

0.025 (7 +1) + 0.012(7) = 0.3

0.2 + 0.084 = 0.284 m ˂ 0.3 m ← ok, accepted

3. Velocity through screen bars, Vb

The effective width of channel, Vb

Be = 0.3 – (0.01 × 7)

Be = 0.23 m

Therefore, effectiveness cross- sectional area of screen

Ax effective = Be × D

Ax effective = 0.23 × 0.4

= 0.092 m2

𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥
Vb =
𝐴𝑥 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑣𝑒

2.33 × 10−3 𝑚 3 /𝑠
=
0.092 𝑚 2

Vb = 0.025 m/s

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4. Head loss, hL

(𝑉𝑏2− 𝑉𝑎2) 1
hL = 2𝑔
. 0.7

𝑚
(0.0252 − 0.00192 𝑚/𝑠) 1
𝑠
= .
2(9.81) 0.7

= 1.92 × 10-5 m

5. Quantity of screening produced

Assuming of screen production = 0.0005 m3/ ML

Quantity of screening product = 0.0005 m3/ML × (0.019 m3/s × 86400 s/ 1 day × 1000
L/ 1 m3)

= 0.0005 × 1.64 ML/d

= 8.20 × 10-4 m3/d

6. Capacity of screen pocket

Depth of chamber = 0.4 m

Width of the plate is half of the length = 0.2 m

Depth of the pocket equal to = 0.10 m collecting screening

the capacity of screening pocket, Cs

Cs = L × B × D

= 0.4m × 0.2m × 0.10 m

= 0.018 m3

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Cleaning everyday manually for an approximate quantity of screening of 0.00082 m3/s

7. Inclined length of bars

𝐷
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛 45°

0.55 D + free board

=
𝑠𝑖𝑛 45°

= 0.78 𝑚 ≈ 0.8 𝑚 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

𝟖. Length of bar screen chamber (including lengths of inlet and outlet zones)

Horizontal projected length of bar screen is 0.8 cos 45° = 0.57 m

Length of inlet zone = length of perforated plate + 0.2

= 0.4 m + 0.2 m

= 0.6 m

Length of outlet zone = length of perforated plate + 0.2

= 0.2 m + 0.2 m

= 0.4 m

Total length of the screen channel = 0.6 m + 0.4 m + 0.57 m

= 1.57 m

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 PERFORATED PLATE
0.4 X 0.2
SCREEN BARS

300 PLAN VIEW

600 570 150 250

1570

SCREENING POCKET

100

550 SIDE VIEW

400
45° 150

600 570 400