Engine level advancements in BS VI Vehicles

By- Ansh Shah

2018B5A40917P
INTRODUCTION

What does BS VI vehicles refer to?

Bharat Stage emissions limits were set by the government to limit the output of air pollutants
from internal combustion and compression ignition engines, such as vehicles. In terms of
pollution reduction, the BS6 emission standard is the sixth in the sequence after the BS4
emission standard was retired. According to the BS6 requirements, vehicles must emit less than
60 mg/km of NOx (nitrogen oxides).

THE CHANGE IN THE PERMISSIBLE EMISSION LEVELS OF BS6 VEHICLES

COMPARED TO BS4 VEHICLES IS GIVEN IN THE TABLE BELOW:

BS4 (BSIV)
Fuel Type Pollutant Gases
BS6 (BSVI)

Petrol Passenger Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) <80mg>

Vehicle Limit <60mg>

Particulate Matter
– <4.5mg/km
(PM) Limit
Diesel Passenger Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) <250mg>
Vehicle Limit <80mg>

Particulate Matter
<25mg> <4.5mg/km
(PM) Limit
HC + NOx <300mg> 170mg/km

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 TECHNILOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

Compliance with the Bharat Stage 6 requirements will necessitate major technological changes.
To do this, OEMs cannot simply add additional components to their vehicles. Selective
Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) technology will be required to
reduce NOx emissions, while diesel particulate filters, or DPFs, will be required to remove PM.
If a BS6-compliant DPF is installed in a small diesel vehicle, the bonnet size must also be
increased. It is feasible to do so, albeit challenging.

Diesel Particulate Filter- A diesel particulate filter, or DPF, is an exhaust after-treatment

device that traps particulate matter like soot and ash. A DPF is made out of a honeycomb-
shaped substrate consisting of ceramic material.

Selective Catalytic Reduction- SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) is an advanced active

emissions control technology system that injects a liquid-reductant agent into the exhaust
stream of a diesel engine through a specific catalyst. Automotive-grade urea, often known as
Diesel Exhaust Fluid, is commonly used as a reductant (DEF). The DEF initiates a chemical
reaction that transforms nitrogen oxides to nitrogen, water, and trace amounts of carbon
dioxide (CO2), which is then ejected through the vehicle tailpipe.

SCR technology allows for nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction processes to occur in an oxidising
environment. It is named "selective" because it uses ammonia as a reductant within a catalyst
system to minimise NOx levels.

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BS VI Compliant Engine- BS6 fuel is used in production automobiles with BS6 compliant
engines on the road. These automobiles emit regulated exhaust gases that meet BS6 emission
standards.

There are only a handful cars in India that comply with BS6. There is no BS6 compliant car
with a BS6 compatible diesel engine because the engine can only run on BS6 diesel fuel. Kia
Seltos, Maruti Suzuki S-Presso, Hyundai Grand i10 Nios, Hyundai Elantra, Toyota Glanza,
and all BMW petrol vehicles are among the BS6 certified cars in India.

BS VI Ready Engine- A Bharat Stage 6 ready engine has significant component upgrades to
make it cleaner and comply with the BS6 emission standard. To make the vehicle BS6 ready,
modifications such as enhanced fuel quality composition, a DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter),
and SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) in diesel cars are used.

Maruti Suzuki, India's passenger vehicle giant, has added eight new BS6-ready petrol engines
to its current lineup. Mercedes Benz, a luxury car manufacturer, is now selling the Mercedes
Benz C Class, Mercedes Benz E Class, and Mercedes Benz V Class to meet the impending
BS6 standards.

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The BS6 ready engine is not the same as the BS6 compliant engine. There are two
justifications for a BS6 ready engine.

o The automaker has the technology to manufacture an engine that runs on BS6 fuel and
meets BS6 pollution standards. They have yet to be manufactured and released onto the
market.

o A manufacturer's engine that can run on BS6 fuel but does not meet modern pollution
standards. Almost all BS4 automobiles on Indian roads are capable of running on BS6. The
new fuel has a lubricating property similar to BS4 fuel.

REFERENCES

1. https://www.businessinsider.in/what-is-bs-vi-engine-
technology/articleshow/69286111.cms

2. https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/fS4SB1cptICRYzhAlPbm0J/The-
implications-of-BS-VI-on-innovation.html

3. https://www.engineeringchoice.com/bs6-engine/

4. https://gomechanic.in/blog/dpf-and-scr-explained/