INTEGRATED TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
FOR THE NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS
V.I. Tikhonov, P.P. Vorobiyenko
A.S.Popov Odesa National Academy of Telecommunications, Ukraine
ABSTRACT
The paper focuses researches on next generation network
(NGN) convergence. A set of comprehensive data-transfer
axioms premise holistic approach to benefit diverse packet-
to-circuit switching techniques. A novel dynamic flow
switching (DFS) method introduced to facilitate digital
telecommunication channels along with appropriate
multipurpose network meta-protocol (MNP). The tenets of
integrated telecommunication technology (ITT) platform
developed for the transport stratum in ITU-T model of
NGN. Two-dimensional quality of service (QoS) palette and
related cost-to-quality ratio (CQR) function proposed for
multimedia traffic control. An elastic ITT-address system
originated for ITT-platform to meet the challenge of
Internet-scope expansion. The paper intends to contribute
future network engineering.
Keywords----- next generation network, dynamic flow
switching, integrated telecommunication technology
1. INTRODUCTION
The new challenges in the telecommunication market
stimulate searching for enhanced technologies. In this
respect, a new trend of network convergence emerged
within the last decade. The ITU-T formulated the concept
of network convergence in terms of the NGN directive
network framework with all functions grouped in a two-
layered model: service and transport stratum [1]. The
reduced number of network layers is an essential feature of
the NGN concept; it aims to minimize the network
overhead and complexity. To satisfy the NGN framework
the appropriate core and last mile technologies are required.
The NGN concept implies a long-term moving process
from the existing network infrastructure to the integrated
network-transporting platform of the NGN. Some
telecommunication companies introduced a broader concept
of the NGN platform with decoupled service and
application layers [2].
Deploying enhanced broadband services over existing
network infrastructure results in increase of the network
complexity and therefore, extra expenses on network
management and maintenance. One of the most commonly
used motto for the NGN perspective is “All over IP and IP
over all”. The network and service convergence on the IP-
basis could rather deem as an acceptable compromise
978-92-61-14061-8/CFP1338E-ART © 2013 ITU
towards the future and current interests of telecom
companies.
However, this apparently cannot meet the increasing
demands of the market because IP not originally conceived
for the real time applications. There are some concerns of
IP-based convergence. First, the addressing space of the
currently popular IPv4 at meanwhile quite exhausted. The
second issue is how to guarantee the NGN-promised quality
of real time service (voice, video). These two problems
seem partially mitigated via expected deployment of the
enhanced IPv6 and the modified transportation technology
MPLS-TP [3]. The IPv6 has an extended 128-bit address
format, the Jumbo grams mode of the packet encapsulation
extending the maximum transmission unit (MTU) up to the
4GiB, the flow label field in addition to the traffic class
field, and some other improvements vs. IPv4. Nevertheless,
a long-term transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is predicted.
Meanwhile evidently the NGN optical transport network
remains the prior research direction for the
telecommunication industry in the near future [4]. An
important event on that way is the collaborative research
project MPLS-TP launched by ITU-T and IETF joint
working team (JWT) in 2008 [5]. The crucial
question:”How to get a sophisticated compromise to benefit
both circuit and packet switching in respect to the NGN’s
promised quality of service (QoS)?” has no explicit answer
yet. Therefore, more research about this aspect toward
NGN is required.
The objective of this paper is to substantiate a new insight
of the “packet/circuit switching dualism” in respect to the
QoS demands compliant with the ITU-T framework of an
NGN.
We focus the following three questions below:
1) What is the “packet” as a basic notion of digital data
exchange in telecommunications?
2) What is the “true packet-switching” and “true circuit-
switching” as two boundary points on the topological scale
of data exchange status?
3) What is the “permanent service palette” connecting the
two boundary points: packet-switching and circuit-
switching (from both customer and network technology
points of view)?
When studied these questions, we draft the concept of an
advanced sophisticated NGN-aware technological platform
(denoted as integrated telecommunication technology, or
ITT).
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2. ITT AXIOMATIC BASIS
In this section we provide a set of axioms to determine the
data packet in the ITT-platform. Generic property of
packet-switching techniques in diverse telecommunication
technologies (Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM, IP etc.) is
statistical time division multiplexing (STDM). The STDM
implies the physical communication channel division into
an arbitrary number of digital streams mixed in a random
order. The STDM provides sufficient link utilization
improvement and therefore, in the context of NGN, it is a
concurrent alternative to fixed sharing of a channel like
conventional time division multiplexing (TDM). Any
packet-switching technology has its own unique PDU −
protocol data unit (e.g. Ethernet frame, IP-packet, ATM
cell, UDP segments etc.).
Here we formulate a pervasive definition of an abstract
digital “packet” with minimal confines, satisfying a wide
spectrum of PDU frameworks and being extendable to the
TDM circuit-switching techniques. We define an abstract
digital “packet” as a labeled capsule constituted by two
segments: packet header (PH) and packet body (PB). The
PH acts as a labeled shell of the digital capsule. The solely
presumed requirement for PH structure is being distinct in
digital stream of a channel, as well as being related to some
specific packet handling mechanism. The PB segment
conceivably involves a variety of realizations with minimal
restrictions.
Axiom 1: In ITT-platform, an extra distinct attribute A
attached to an arbitrary non-drop digital data segment D
forms a labeled capsule C, where A, D and C consider
being PH, PB and PDU, if some A -aware mechanism of C
-handling exists.
From this point of view, a distinct data byte of a TDM-
container (like an STM module of SDH) carries a minimal
non-drop amount of information. Any distinct byte of an
STM is identified due to its unique time-slot allocation
aligned with the STM-synchronization benchmarks.
Therefore, a TDM-distinct byte looks like a primitive PB of
an abstract “packet” (see axiom 1) related to its time-slot
allocation property, in combination with the STM de-
multiplexing procedure.
Both common logic mind and practical experience testify
the following phenomenon: the less PB and PDU are the
faster data interaction of communicating parties is
available. The PB increase may result in latency of
multimedia data playing back. Eventually it suppresses the
overall dynamics of party’s interaction in real-time mode.
The interaction dynamics is critical issue in voice
communication as well as in distributed automatic control
systems. On the other hand, in some real time application
(e.g. streaming video data) the bulk transportation in large-
sized packets is more expedient. Consider these arguments
we postulate the axiom 2 that specifies PB-length
boundaries. This modus tolerates both dynamic real time
interaction and efficient bulk transportation of digital data.
Axiom 2: In ITT-platform, the minimal PB length is one
informational byte; the maximal PB length is not limited;
the bit length of the information byte depends on adopted
agreements; meanwhile one byte commonly refers to 8 bits
(one octet), however, it may extend this value.
The market exposed integrated circuits (IC) support
transmission of octet-units through optical and cooper wire
links. These octet-units circulate the channel being shaped
in 10-bit array on the low physical sub-layer [6]. Based on
these IC an array of network interfaces with one-octet PDU
exchange is commercially available. This fact premises the
axiom 2 capability.
The PH-to-PDU-length ratio is a critical moment in various
packet switching techniques. Any PH of a PDU carries
control data needed for PDU handling. However, the PH
control data impairs the PDU utilization. Apparently it is no
use of carrying small PB amount (capsule payload) within
an enormously PH-extended capsule. On the other hand,
scanty packet header constrains the packet maintenance
ability. Hence, no one packet header of fixed size uniformly
satisfies diverse application requirements; therefore,
dynamically adaptable PH needed. We formulate this idea
in the axiom 3.
Axiom 3: In ITT-platform, the PDU packet header (PH)
tolerates dynamically changed PH-structure and length;
the minimal PH-length is 1 byte (of 8 bits or more); the
maximal PH-length is not limited.
For instance, the ATM cell of 53-octet is an example of a
compact fixed length packet container. It has a fixed length
5-octet header and 48-octet body. The ATM cells are
worthwhile for transporting PB-data amount of about 40
bytes length through the pre-established permanent virtual
circuits (PVC). Let LPB the length of PB, LPDU the length of
the PDU measured in octets. The maximal encapsulation
factor of ATM cell (denoted as μATM) results
LPB 48
μ ATM = = = 0.906. (1)
LPDU 53
The μ=0.906 is a quite appropriate option for an arbitrary
transportation container. However, to achieve the best
quality of voice communication in a packet-based network,
it is mandatory that any detected voice sample (e.g. of one
octet size) is transmitted immediately with no latency.
Another QoS-critical real time application refers to high
dynamic automatic control systems running over distributed
sensor networks. For a PB of one-octet length (due to the
axiom 1) the ATM encapsulation factor results μATM=0.019.
Such value will merely satisfy any network design. The
axioms 2 and 3 result the minimal PDU-length in the ITT-
platform of 2 bytes (1 byte of PH plus 1 byte of PB), as
well as minimal encapsulation factor μ=0.5 for the most
dynamic interaction (with 1-byte PB).
The dynamically modified PH-length adopted in the ITT-
platform may cause the following issue: how to recognize
the PDU boundaries within a serial PDU-flow? The
utilization of a special packet delimiter symbol may solve
this problem. Mentioned above commercially available IC
allow generating special control symbols imbedded in 10
serial bit-array on the low physical sub-layer. Thus, one of
those control symbols may act as PDU-delimiter in the ITT
digital flow. The copper twisted pair channels mainly
exploit the pulse code modulation (PCM). To avoid

electrical damages caused by the electric potential
difference of linked parties, the network interfaces maintain
input/output transformers (IOT). The coupling of PCM and
IOT is susceptible to the mean value of the serial digital
signal (DC-offset problem). Special coding methods could
moderate this problem mapping an arbitrary data set into
the pseudo-random consequence (with near-to-zero mean
value within the certain time-interval). Therefore, the
maximum transmission unit (MTU) of PDU in a PCM
system is typically limited. Thus, the packet sequence
transmission over the PCM-channel implies the segregation
of any digital flow into variety of distinct frames; these
frames are separated due to the inter-frame gaps (IFG)
intended to pacify the DC-offset. In contrast to the copper
links, the optic fiber systems with the amplitude shift
keying (ASK) do not suffer the DC-offset problem.
Consider the NGN optic fiber perspective we postulate the
following axiom 4 to provide particular PDU delimiter.
Axiom 4: In ITT-platform, no inter-frame gaps (IFG)
facilitate the PDU recognition; the single PDU is
distinguished due to the special delimiter-symbol (DS) of
one-byte length; the DS is encoded by 10 serial bits on the
low physical sub-layer in the ITT-platform.
Let T the total length for both PDU and delimiter symbol
(counted in bytes). We define the packet-switching
efficiency s as the following ratio:
LPB
s= . (2)
T
If PB=1 byte, then the minimal packet-switching efficiency
s in ITT is about 0.333.
It is clear, that small PH (of 1÷4 bytes) provide few
capabilities for packet handling. Therefore, the ITT packet
headers of 1÷4 bytes presumably support a particular array
of high QoS services (e.g. CBR voice virtual connections,
automatic control system application etc.).
To maintain the PDU with dynamically modified PH length
(see axiom 3) a specific mechanism of PH recognition
needed. This addresses the next axiom.
Axiom 5: In the ITT-platform, the PH-structure is a self-
extracting framework driven by the first PH-byte.
The set of axioms 1÷5 substantiates an abstract data packet
framework compliant with general idea “all services over
packet-switching networks” that is common in NGN
approach. At the same time, these axioms notably extend
the scope of the packet-switching paradigm transforming it
into the blanket concept of statistical time division
multiplexing (STDM) that ignores its particular
realizations.
Another crucial aspect of “circuit-switching vs. packet-
switching” in the NGN-architecture is the known drawback
of IP-networks referred as unpredictable packet time delay,
which may result packets jitter. That is to say: how to meet
the NGN challenge of high QoS performance in a wide
range of customer demands? Is it possible to guarantee the
circuit-switching quality in a packet-switching NGN? Next
section focuses this problem.
We assume the customer’s behavior to search in the best
“cost-to-quality ratio” (CQR). The CQR is eventually
Building Sustainable Communities
individual and varies dynamically within a short time.
Imagine the one-dimensional CQR as the function p(s),
s=0,1,2,…, N where s is type of service (ToS) for given
class of services with average bit rate r=8Kbyte/s that is
guaranteed on the time-interval Δt(r,s) dependent on r, s;
p(s) is the cost of s.
Let b the guaranteed byte amount within the time-interval
Δt(r,s). We define the best quality ToS for s=N=15
implying the constant bit rate (CBR) data transfer of
8Kbyte/s. That means, for any time-interval
Δt=1/8Khz=0.125ms the one-byte data transfer is
guaranteed. Next, we will double Δt each case of decreasing
s: Δt(r=8,s=14)=0.25 ms, Δt(r=8,s=13)=0.5ms and so on.
Any case of s results the same average bit rate that is
guaranteed on diverse intervals Δt: 1byte/0.125
ms=2byte/0.25 ms=4byte/0.5 ms=… = 8Kbyte/s.
The ordered collection of variables (s, p, Δt, b) exposes the
tab.1. The first two rows in tab.1 present the function p(s).
The last two rows in tab.1 refer guaranteed time intervals Δt
and correspondent values of byte amount b. The column
s=0 in tab.1 is reserved for implicitly guaranteed average
bit rate of 8Kbyte/s with no specific time-interval Δt
(referred as available bit rate, or ABR transfer mode). The
ABR is character to packet-switching technique, therefore
we consider the s=0 column in tab.1 be the true packet-
switching phenomenon.
The s=15 case is inherent to circuit-switching technique
with CBR transfer mode. Therefore, we consider the s=15
column in tab.1 be the true circuit-switching phenomenon.
The q(r=8, s=15) type of service in tab.1 guaranties the
constant bit rate of 8Kbyte/s that is compliant with
conventional digital telephony standard of 64Kbit/s in full
duplex communication.
The columns of s=1÷14 we denote as intermediate flow-
switching cases referred to variable bit rate, or VBR
transfer mode. All the cases of s=0÷15 we unite into
generalized class of dynamic flow switching for given
average bit rate of 8Kbyte/s. The two rows in tab.1 (s and
Δt) reflect a discrete function Δt(s) denote as one-
dimensional “QoS-palette” q(s)=Δt(s). The set of 16 values
of s in tab.1 presents the s-axis of the QoS-palette. This
palette we define as the circuit/packet switching dualism in
respect to the network transport layer (NTL) of the ITT-
platform.
Onwards we construct a two-dimensional QoS-palette as a
q(r,s) function for different average bit-rate values r. Let
{rm}, m=1, 2, …, 15 the set of service-classes with
predefined average bit-rate values rm. For any given rm the
one-dimensional QoS-palette q(rm,s) is possible, fig.1. The
gradient-vector in fig.1 is directed from the left-down
corner (low-cost service location) to the right-upper corner
(best-quality of service location).
All the upper case items (s=15) of the QoS-palette in fig.1
present the constant bit-rate of data transfer, or CBR-
domain for diverse average bit rate values (ranged from
r1=64Kbit/s to r15=1Gbit/s). The CBR transfer mode is an
essential property in conventional circuit-switching
technique. Reciprocally, all the down-case items (s=0) of
the QoS-palette in fig.1 present the available bit rate of data
2013 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference

Table 1. One dimensional CQR-table for 8Kbyte/s average bit rate

s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
p p0 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7 p8 p9 p10 p11 p12 p13 p14 p15
Δt (ms) - 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25 0.125
b - 16384 8192 4096 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

transfer, or ABR-domain which is natural to conventional The axiom 6 justifies duality concept for the packet/circuit
packet-switching technique. switching techniques: no one of them is predominant, yet
The s=1÷14 cases in fig.1 refer to ITT-specific intermediate both are potentially important. Another to say: not excluded
flow-switching mode of data transfer (VBR-domain). The “Or” (circuit-switching XOR packet-switching) but
entire two-dimensional QoS-palette in fig.1 reflects dynamically achieved compromise based on the CQR will
dynamic flow switching (DFS) concept developed in this presumably benefit the two spoken above opposite
paper. categories in the context of the more distant future
The particular values of average bit-rates rm and time- generation networks. The axiom 6 compliant technology
intervals Δt for any s are solely exposed for an example; implies a quite diverse and granulated service palette
actually, they may vitally adopt an experience. A fairly enabling customer’s dynamic migration within a wide range
designed QoS-palette will evidently comprehend a wide of virtual connection services. The visual image of the
spectrum of customer demands, whereby the minimal- axiom-6 depicts fig.1.
capacity kit of QoS items needed. Following this approach
the two-dimensional cost-to-quality ratio table, or CQR- 3. THE ITT-PLATFORM FRAMEWORK
function p(r,s) may be designed to help customers in
benefit the QoS-palette at any current moment. The The spoken above axioms 1÷6 form theoretical basis of
previously discussed concept of two-dimensional QoS- integrated telecommunication technology (ITT) as an
palette we formulate in axiom 6. alternative novel platform to facilitate more distant future
Axiom 6: generation networks. The ITT-platform intends to support
In ITT-platform, the two-dimensional circuit/packet transport function for end-point network devices in
switching QoS-palette of virtual connections is available on accordance with the ITU-T model of NGN. Nevertheless,
the network transport layer; the lowest QoS-type is more benefits of the ITT-platform expected in the access
associated with “true packet-switching" mode of dynamic and aggregation network layers ranged from the end-user
flow switching (DFS); the highest QoS-type means ‘true terminal devices (TD) to the edge of the core transportation
circuit-switching’ mode of DFS; the QoS-types q(r,sm), network (CTN), fig.2.
m=1÷(smax-1) refer to the ITT-specific “intermediate flow- Onwards we define in more details the two sub-layers of
switching” mode of DFS for any given average bit rate r. ITT-platform. The CTN implies the circuit-switching
To experience the packet/circuit switching benefits in QoS- tunneling technology (like MPLS-TP) that is transparent to
palette, the ITT-platform provides two-dimensional cost-to- the tunneled traffic. It may be either IP (v4, v6) or any other
quality ratio, or CQR-function p(q(r,sm)) related to the QoS- packetized digital flow (e.g. ITT-traffic). The ITT-network
palette. considers being an open domain: any ITT-node may have a
s local environment with terminal devices (TD), as well as
Best any ITT-edge node may extend the scope of ITT-domain.
15 QoS Therefore, an ITT-network device embraces the following
CBR-domain (true circuit switching)
. two sub-layers:
. 1) Physical link layer (PLL) for data exchange between the
7 two ITT-network adaptors of the adjacent nodes. The
6 VBR-domain (intermediate flow postulated PDU of the PLL sub-layer is byte-quanta (of 8
5 switching)
bit or more) as information product-primitive. We denote
4 this primitive as an abstract “letter” of the transmission
3
grammar-formalism. The one-byte PDU of the PLL sub-
2
1 layer is compliant with axioms 2 and 3 spoken above.
0 ABR-domain (true packet switching) 2) Network transport layer (NTL) for data exchange
rm between network devices within an ITT-domain. The
Low postulated PDU of the NTL sub-layer is packet-quanta
cost r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 r8 r9 r10 r11 …...... r15
compliant with axioms 1÷5, namely: various PDU of the
NTL sub-layer drive variable-sized PH and PB (of one byte
Figure 1. Two-dimensional packet/circuit switching and more with no upper border). We denote this packet-
QoS-palette quanta as an abstract “word” of the transmission grammar-
formalism.

Core
Transportation
Network (CTN)
ITT-Network
G
TD-1
ITT domain extension
Figure 2. The ITT open network architecture
The ITT concept of a flexible data packet framework
enables quite diverse palette of intermediate packet-
switching processes, covering the range between the
packet-switching and circuit-switching data transfer
(compliant with axiom 6). In accordance with axiom 6, the
ITT-platform intends to benefit two alternative switching
techniques in telecommunications: packet-switching (PS)
and circuit-switching (CS). The coupling of two diverse
switching methods (packet /circuit switching dualism) is the
background of the ITT-platform.
To maintain the complete QoS-palette of packet/circuit
switching (spoken in the axiom 6) an appropriate algorithm
of ITT-signaling and resource reservation is investigated
along with the correspondent packet-queues procedures
(out of this paper scope). The synthetic notion of the
packet/circuit switching dualism of the ITT-platform we
denote as dynamic flow switching (DFS). That means the
DFS-capable switching technique enables the customer-
demand vital migration within the QoS-palette framework
(see fig.1).
To enable the DFS, an original multipurpose network meta-
protocol (MNP) was developed for the ITT-platform based
on the axioms 1÷6, [7]-[9]. The MNP solely specifies a set
of generic rules for DFS, enabling a great deal of MNP-
profile protocols sufficient in particular applications. In
fact, the MNP implements the packet-switching technique
in a wide range of packet formats. In contrast to the
conventional packet-switching methods (like IP, FR, ATM
etc.), the MNP does not require any packet header to
deliver comprehensive control data for packet handling.
Instead, the control data for currently handled packet may
previously drop in several preceding packets. For that
purpose, the special flow control table (FCT) provided in
MNP. The FCT enables dynamic storage of an open set of
the distinct packet header options. The two identical FCTs
act on both emitting and receiving adjacent network nodes,
fig.3. The multipurpose network meta-protocol (MNP) may
alternate the conventional packet switching technique in an
ITU-T compliant NGN.
Building Sustainable Communities
ITT-Network
TD-2
G
TD-3
ITT domain extension
The tab. 2 depicts FCT-structure. The amount of FCT-
options is open and not size-restricted. The index-number
of any particular MNP-profile determines the necessary
collection of FCT-options for any type of service. The PH
of any packet sent by Node-1 towards Node-2 can modify
several options of FCT-2-In (see fig.3). Therefore, a packet-
bulk of identical PH may stream the channel via expanded
ITT-packet with no abundant repetition of the PH data. The
tab.2 illustrates the two diverse profiles of MNP. Profile 1
embraces a typical set of control data inherent in
conventional IP-packet networking; this profile is
responsible for true packet-switching mode in the ITT-
platform. Instead, the profile 2 includes solely one control
option (flow label). This option provides a wide range of
packet/circuit switching techniques in the ITT-platform in
accordance with QoS-palette (fig.1).
Node-1 Node-2
FCT-1-Out Output Input FCT-2-In
FCT-1-In Input Output FCT-2-Out
Figure 3. The ITT-platform flow control table linkage
The low redundant ITT data streaming may cause resilience
issues if some input FCT corrupted. Therefore a special
recovery mechanism provided in the ITT-platform:
regularly the correspondent output FCT-checksums are
transmitted by any network node towards their linked
neighbor parties. For instance, if FCT-1-out checksum does
not match FCT-2-in checksum, then Node-2 requests Node-
1 for complete FCT-retransmission.
The ITT axiom 3 prompts how to harness generic IP-
addressing concern. The restrained pool of conventional 32-
bit IPv4-addresses eventually hinders the Internet-scope
expansion. At the same time, the NGN-promised
2013 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference

implantation of 128-bit IPv6-addresses aggravates the today To meet the NGN challenge of Internet-scope expansion, an
superfluity of IP-packet header in multimedia applications. elastic addressing system developed in the ITT-platform
To meet the NGN challenge of IPv6-address surplus, an based on the recurrent address-coding mechanism.
elastic ITT-address system developed in the ITT-platform The ITT-platform originates clear and simple packet-based
[10]. This system implies open multilayer (global and local) networking model. It reduces the header abundance
identification of vast network devices due to the recurrent inherent in conventional IP-networks. The MNP protocol of
address-coding mechanism driven by the first address-byte. the ITT-platform aims to alternate the IPv6 networking
The ITT flow control adopts instantly modified packet- technology in the context of the more distant future
addresses ranged from 1 to 16 byte-length. Herewith, generation networks.
skimpy address options (of 1 to 4 bytes) are predominantly
used in real-time applications of high QoS-demands (e.g. 5. LIST OF ACRONYMS
voice communication). Instead ample addresses (of 5 bytes
and more) are actualized as needed in less critical ABR – Available Bit Rate
applications (e.g. video or data streaming). The flexible ASK – Amplitude Shift Keying
network-objects addressing improves the overall channel
ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode
utilization.
CBR – Constant Bit Rate
Table 2. The flow control table structure CQR – Cost-to-Quality Ratio
MNP Source Destina- Type of TTL Check Flow … … … CTN – Core Transportation Network
Profile Address tion Service Sum Label DC – Direct Current
Address DFS – Dynamic Flow Switching
1 x x x x x
DS – Delimiter Symbol
2 x
… FCT – Flow Control Table
IC – Integrated Circuit
IFG – Inter Frame Gap
4. CONCLUSION IOT – Input/output Transformer
IP – Internet Protocol
The study addresses the NGN researches focusing the
ITT – Integrated Telecommunication Technology
network transport stratum. A novel integrated
telecommunication technology (ITT-platform) is developed JWT – Joint Working Team
to contribute in advanced telecommunication networks MNP – Multipurpose Network meta-Protocol
engineering. The background of ITT-platform is an original MPLS-TP – the Transport Profile of MPLS
approach to digital flow segmentation with dynamically MTU – Maximum Transmission Unit
changed packet header/body length and structure. The NGN – Next Generation Network
theoretical basis of the ITT-platform is constituted by six
NTL – Network Transport Layer
axioms.
PB – Packet Body
The axioms 1÷5 substantiate an abstract packet notion
tolerant to particular technological solution. Hereby, the PDU – Protocol Data Unit
two ITT sub-layers grounded: physical link layer (PLL) PH – Packet Header
drives distinct-byte PDU exchange for any two adjacent PLL – Physical Link Layer
ITT-network nodes; network transport layer (NTL) PCM – Pulse Code Modulation
provides diverse multi-byte PDUs data exchange for ITT- PVC – Permanent Virtual Circuit
domain nodes. The NTL communication is controlled due
to the flow control tables (FCT) relevant for any couple of QoS – Quality of Service
adjacent network nodes. SDH – Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
The axiom 6 formulates the ITT-concept of dynamic flow STDM – Statistical Time Division Multiplexing
switching (DFS); it premises the two-dimensional service STM – Synchronous Transport Module
palette to benefit the packet/circuit switching compromise. TD – Terminal Device
To progress the ITT-platform a framework of the TDM – Time Division Multiplexing
multipurpose network meta-protocol (MNP) is designed. It TOS – Type of Service
determines generic rules for various profiles of particular UDP – User Datagram Protocol
transmission protocols. The MNP-protocol declares
minimal requirements for its profiles. The openness of the VBR – Variable Bit Rate
MNP-profiles family forms a solid background for
sustainable network evolution towards ITU-T adopted REFERENCES
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Building Sustainable Communities
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