us.

Dne
One se
in the section is taken uuderpinned is divvided
wall, above the up at a time. For each
ay be either of stout timber
ay plinth level, and needle is inserted inserted
eedle to or steel
section. Bearing plates
support the masonry above it. plates
on crib
supports (wooden blocks) and screw Needle is supported
supported
pto the desired level and new jacks. The foundation
over, work on next to next foundation is laid. When the
in the first round, and thensection is taken up, i.e.,. alternate
up, i.e.,.
the remaining sections are taken
alternate
section. If the wall to be
larly, the floors may also underpinned weak, raking shores
is
be supposed, if required.
Wall
Bearing plate
wmmmim
Needle beam (Steel)
Jack

Old foundation

New foundation
g
n (a) Vertical section
(b) Plan
C- FIG. 18.5. PIT METHOD.
ne
 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

in
ec- Existing interior
column or Bearing
up. loaded pedestal plate
uld
Needle beam
is
Hydraulic
ted jack
is Fulcrum
ww 7w w wwwwm
di- Inside

un-
per
da- Underpinning pit
ne.
FIG. 18.6. PIT METHOD WITH
dle CANTILEVER NEEDLE.
oe removed only when the new foundation has
able to do the new foundation work in concrete. gained strength.
holes etc. should be closed in
masonry using cement mortar.
, piles aredriven at regular Pile cap
ne sides of the wall. (Needle) Existing
Generally, wall
der-reamed piles may be used. G.L
ed by concrete or steel needles, 7I7V*
the wall. These
beams inci
caps also. This method is
very
soils, and also in
undation is very much water-logged
relieved
Concrete
NG piles
ght of wall or column
or other
of a building exceeds about
1.5
tures are needed to FIG.18.7. PILE METHOD.
which the workmen can support
es, constructed very sit and carry on the
close to the constructions.
Tne or
ommonly
molition
called
scaffolding.
wall, is
in the form
Such scaffolding is
form of
of timber
timber o
of
building. The scaffolding
to support workmen
a
also needed for the
should be stable and
by the scaffoldinT T and other constructiun shou i