DRUG STUDY

NURSING
MECHANISM OF ADVERSE
DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION CONSIDERATION/
ACTION EFFECTS
INTERVENTIONS
Generic Name:  Analgesics  Decreases Relief of mild-to- Contraindicated to patients Stimulation,  Assess patient’s
Paracetamol  Muscle fever by moderate pain; treatment with: drowsiness, nausea, fever or pain:
Relaxants inhibiting the of fever. vomiting, abdominal type of pain,
Brand Name: effects of  Hypersensitivity pain, hepatoxicity, location,
Calpol pyrogens on hepatic seizure intensity,
the  Intolerance to (overdose), renal duration,
Dosage: hypothalamus tartrazine (yellow failure (hogh, temperature,
175 mg heat regulating dye #5), alcohol, prolonged doses), and diaphoresis.
centers and by table sugar, leucopenia  Assess allergic
Route: a saccharin. neutropenia, reactions: rash,
IVTT hypothalamic hemolytic anemia urticaria; if
action leading  Contraindicated (long term use), these occur,
to sweating with allergy to thrombocytopenia, drug may have
and acetaminophen. pancytopenia, rash, to be
vasodilation. urticaria, discontinued.
hypersensitivity,  Teach patient
 Relieves pain cyanosis, anemia, Tell patient to
by inhibiting jaundice, CNS, recognize signs
prostaglandin stimulation, delirium of chronic
synthesis at the followed by vascular overdose:
CNS but does collapse, bleeding,
not anti- convulsions, coma, bruising,
inflammatory death. malaise, fever,
action because sore throat.
of its minimal  Tell patient to
effect on notify prescriber
peripheral for pain/ fever
prostaglandin lasting for more
synthesis. than 3 days.
 DRUG STUDY
NURSING
MECHANISM OF ADVERSE
DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION CONSIDERATION/
ACTION EFFECTS
INTERVENTIONS
Generic Name: Histamine H2- Inhibits histamine Short-term treatment  Hypersensitivity to Reversible  Obtain history of
Ranitidine receptor antagonist. action at histamine of active duodenal ranitidine. hepatitis, blood epigastric/abdominal
GI agent. H2-receptors of ulcer. Prevention of  Renal/hepatic dyscrasias occur pain.
gastric parietal cells. duodenal ulcer impairment, rarely.  Assess mental status
Brand Name: Inhibits gastric acid recurrence. Treatment elderly patient’s in elderly. Question
N/A, formerly secretion. Reduces of active benign gastric history of acute present abdominal
Zantac gastric volume, ulcer, pathologic GI porphyria. pain, GI distress.
hydrogen ion hypersecretory
concentration. conditions, acute
gastroesophageal
Dosage: reflux disease
12 mg (GERD), including
erosive esophagitis.
Route: Maintenance of healed
IVTT erosive esophagitis.
 DRUG STUDY
NURSING
MECHANISM ADVERSE EFFECTS
DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION CONSIDERATION/
OF ACTION
INTERVENTIONS
Generic Name:  GI stimulant Metoclopramide  Relief of  GI haemorrhage,  Extrapyramidal  Monitor BP carefully
Metoclopramide  Antiemetic enhances the symptoms of acute mechanical obstruction symptoms, restlessness, during IV
 Dopaminergic motility of the and recurrent and perforation; drowsiness, anxiety, administration.
Brand Name: blocker upper GI tract and diabetic phaeochromocytoma; diarrhoea, hypotension,  Monitor for
Apo-Metoclop increases gastric gastroparesis history of seizures. hypertension, headache, extrapyramidal
(CAN), Nu- emptying without  Short-term depression, blood reactions, and consult
Metoclopramide affecting gastric, therapy (4–12 wk) disorders (e.g. physician if they
(CAN), Octamide biliary or pancreatic for adults with aganulocytosis, occur.
PFS, Reclomide, secretions. It symptomatic methaemoglobinaemia),  Monitor diabetic
Reglan increases duodenal gastroesophageal hypersensitivity patients, arrange for
peristalsis which reflux who fail to reactions (e.g. alteration in insulin
decreases intestinal respond to bronchospasm, rash), dose or timing if
Dosage: transit time, and conventional galactorrhoea or related diabetic control is
3mg increases lower therapy disorders, transient compromised by
oesophageal  Parenteral: increase in plasma alterations in timing
Route: sphincter tone. It is Prevention of nausea aldosterone levels. of food absorption.
IVTT also a potent central and vomiting  Potentially  WARNING: Keep
dopamine-receptor associated with Fatal: Neuroleptic diphenhydramine
antagonist and may emetogenic cancer malignant syndrome; injection readily
also have serotonin- chemotherapy. cardiac conduction available in case
receptor (5-HT3) disorders may occur extrapyramidal
antagonist with IV dosage form. reactions occur (50
properties. mg IM).
 WARNING: Have
phentolamine readily
available in case of
hypertensive crisis
(most likely to occur
with undiagnosed
pheochromocytoma).
 DRUG STUDY
NURSING
MECHANISM ADVERSE EFFECTS
DRUG CLASSIFICATION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION CONSIDERATION/
OF ACTION
NAME INTERVENTIONS
Generic  Antibiotic Bactericidal  Treatment of  Contraindicated  CNS: Lethargy,  Culture infected
Name:  Penicillin action against infections caused by with allergies to hallucinations, area before
Ampicillin sensitive susceptible strains penicillins, seizures treatment; reculture
organisms; of Shigella, Salmonella, cephalosporins, or  CV: CHF area if response is
Brand Name:
Ampicin inhibits synthesis Escherichia coli, other allergens.  GI: Glossitis, not as expected.
(CAN), Apo- of bacterial cell Haemophilus influenzae,  Use cautiously with stomatitis, gastritis,  Check IV site
Ampi (CAN), wall, causing cell Proteus mirabilis, renal disorders. sore mouth, furry carefully for signs of
Neisseria
Novo- death. tongue, black “hairy” thrombosis or drug
Ampicillin gonorrhoeae, enterococ
tongue, nausea, reaction.
(CAN), Nu- ci, gram-positive
vomiting, diarrhea,  Do not give IM
Ampi (CAN), organisms (penicillin
abdominal pain, injections in the
Penbritin G–sensitive
(CAN), bloody diarrhea, same site; atrophy
staphylococci,
Principen enterocolitis, can occur. Monitor
streptococci,
pseudomembranous injection sites.
pneumococci)
Dosage: colitis, nonspecific  Administer oral
295mg  Meningitis caused
hepatitis drug on an empty
by Neisseria meningitidis
 GU: Nephritis stomach, 1 hr before
Route:  Unlabeled use:
IVTT  Hematologic: Anemi or 2 hr after meals
Prophylaxis in
a, thrombocytopenia, with a full glass of
cesarean section in
leukopenia, water; do not give
certain high-risk
neutropenia, with fruit juice or
patients
prolonged bleeding soft drinks.
time
 Hypersensitivity: Ras
h, fever, wheezing,
anaphylaxis
 Local: Pain,
phlebitis, thrombosis
at injection site
(parenteral)
 Other: Superinfectio
ns—oral and rectal
moniliasis, vaginitis