Integration of the electronic chain

of the CGEM inner tracker

22 November 2021
Sara Morgante

Relatore: Michela Greco

Correlatore: Alberto Bortone
1
 Project introduction

TIGER studies

Simulation algorithm

Interlock system

Test beam

To do
2
 ● BESIII
Project introduction
● Electronics for readout

● Calibration procedure
TIGER studies
● Charge as a function of temperature

Simulation algorithm ● Debug firmware GEMROC

Controllino Programmable Logic Controller

Test beam ● Test electronic chain

To do
3
 BESIII -
BEijing Spectrometer
● ● Situated
Situated at interaction
at the the interaction point
point of
of Beijing
Beijing Electron-Positron
Electron-Positron Collider
Collider
● Spectrometer works in the τ-charm
● Spectrometer works in the
region
τ-charm region
● Luminosity peak of 1033 cm-2s-1
● Luminosity
(April 2016) peak of 1033 cm-2s-1

BEPC II: construction and commissioning, In: Chinese Physics C 33.S2 (2009)

34
 Spectrometer setup
● Multilayer-Drift Chamber
○ Track particles with momentum resolution of 0.5% @ 1 GeV/c
○ 130 μm of spatial resolution
● Time Of Flight system
○ Identify particles
○ Based on plastic scintillator bars read out by fine mesh
photomultiplier tubes
○ 60 ps of time resolution at the ETOF
● ElectroMagnetic Calorimeter
○ Measures photons energy with a resolution of 2.5 % @ 1 GeV/c

Inside coil of superconductive magnet of 1T

● Muon Detector
○ Resistive plate chambers, with a minimum muon momentum of
0.4 GeV/c Design and construction of the BESIII detector
Elsevier - 11 March 2010
5
 The CGEM-IT project is funded by
the EU commission by the

CGEM-IT RISE-MSCA-H2020- 2019 program

within the FEST consortium

● Aging phenomena of the innermost part

of the MDC
● gain loss/year of about 4 % in the first
eight layers

● Cylindrical GEM Inner Tracker

● Italian collaboration

● Three independent, coaxial tracking

layers, each with three
multiplication stages 6
Aging effect in the BESIII drift chamber. In: Chinese Physics C 40.1 (2016),
 Gas Electron Multiplier
● Inner layer of kapton covered by copper
● High density holes

● Inside two electrodes

● Accelerated electrons ionize
gas molecules

F. Sauli, The gas electron multiplier ( GEM ): Operating principles and

applications In Nucl.Instrum. Meth, A 805 2016) 7
 TRIPLE GEM DETECTOR
● Made by:
○ 3 GEM
○ Cathode
○ Anode

● Cascade ionizations

● CGEM-IT voltages:
○ G3 275 V

○ G2 280 V

○ G1 280 V The CGEM-IT readout chain Journal of Instrumentation, 16,

2021 arXiv:2105.08979 8
 CGEM-IT ● Power distribution

ELECTRONIC CHAIN ●
●
Data collection
Data transmission

9
8
 The CGEM-IT readout chain Journal of Instrumentation, 16,

CGEM-IT electronics
2021 arXiv:2105.08979

The CGEM-IT readout chain 10

 Front End Board
ERNI connector

Data connector Designed by M. Mignone,

INFN Torino
Low voltage connector TIGERs slot
11
A mixed-signal ASIC for time and charge measurements with GEM detectors
- Phd thesis F. Cossio
 GEMROC
● GEM ReadOut Card
● ALTERA ArriaV GX
development kit
● Different functions:
○ Clock generator

○ Voltage and power control

○ Data flow control

● TRIGGER MATCHED MODE

Designed by A.Cotta Ramusino,

INFN Ferrara The CGEM-IT readout chain Journal of Instrumentation, 16,
12
2021 arXiv:2105.08979
ON DETECTOR TIGER
TIGER -- Torino
Torino Integrated
Integrated Gem
ELECTRONICS
Gem
Electronics for Readout
Electronic for Readout
● 64
● channels
64 channels
● Analog front-end
● Analog amplification
front-end amplification;
● Signal processing
● Signal processing;
● Data digitization
● Data and and
digitization transmission
transmission

1213
TIGER TIGER: A front-end ASIC for timing and energy measurements with radiation detectors,
In: Nucl.Instrum. Meth, A, 924 (2019).
14
 Time measurement - TDC
● Made by a TAC + Wilkinson ADC
● 5 ns of time resolution
● Clk frequency of 160 MHz
● System of charge and discharge of capacitors
○ Interpolation factor 128

● Jitter worsen the measurement

○ Depends on the front end electronics
○ RMS of the Gaussian distribution

On detector electronics of the CGEM inner tracker: test and integration - 15

thesis A Bortone
 Charge measurement
Sample and Hold Time over Threshold

On detector electronics of the CGEM inner tracker: test and integration - 16

thesis A Bortone
 CHARGE wrt
TIGER WORKING
TEMPERATURE

FEB L3_8 chip 1 channel 0

17
 Chips calibration
Correlation between the input charge and the Efine
● Threshold scan
● Internal pulser calibration
○ External signals injected in one channel

● Internally generated signals on each channel

18
 Data collection
● Calibrated 9 TIGERs at the same Calibration lines

temperature steps
● Data analyzed by Fabio Cossio,
INFN-Torino

ch intercept slope

19
 Data collection
● Calibrated 9 TIGERs at the same temperature steps
● Data analyzed by Fabio Cossio, INFN-Torino

ch intercept slope

20
Study

21
Results

22
SIMULATION
● Support the process of test,
debug and validation of

ALGORITHM
GEMROC firmware
● Simulate trigger signals

23
 Values normally distributed
● Used Central Limit Theorem
○ The sum of random variables tend toward a normal distribution

● Linear feedback shift register : x10 + x7 +1

24
 Simulation

● 4 different LFSRs
● 100000 samples
● Average ~ 4096

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 Trigger and test pulse

1. Test pulse ~ check signal Finite State Machine

○ latency of 8.6 μs

2. Trigger signal
○ dead time 3 μs

3. Break → normally distributed

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 Average frequency of signals
● Clk 50 MHz → signals ~ 1/(4000 * 20 ns) ~ 12.5 kHz
● Possibility of choosing between 4 average frequencies → Pushbutton
● 4 leds report the frequency chosen:
○ 12.5 kHz -> led 7

○ 1.25 kHz -> led 6

○ 125 Hz -> led 5

○ 12.5 Hz -> led 4

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Test pulse trigger length 200 ns

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Frequency 12.5 kHz (top), 12.5 Hz (bottom)
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CONTROLLINO
● Industry-grade PLC with open

CONTROLLINO
source software, fully compatible
with Arduino
● Used for interlock system with
chiller

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INTERLOCK SYSTEM
● Improving the remote control of the
Beijing laboratory

31
 Emergency shutdown of Beijing chiller
● Data taking works remotely

but we have a chiller, not controlled remotely

● 5V generator
● Connected to an appropriate power supply
● Use Arduino function analogWrite(n), 0<n<255
○ Percentage of input voltage in output

32
 Cyclic Redundancy Check
● Error detecting code
● Chiller communication

Procedure bit by bit:

● Transmitter and receiver known the generator G G

● Transmission of a message M:
○ CRC = M/G
○ M’ = M+CRC .
● Receipt of a message M’:
○ if M’/G == 0 → correct transmission

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 Situation in Beijing
● Data taking works remotely
● We have a chiller, not controlled remotely

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 Situation in Beijing
● Data taking works remotely
● we have a chiller, not controlled remotely

CONTROLLINO
● Industry-grade PLC with open source
software, fully compatible with Arduino

35
 Emergency shutdown of Beijing chiller
CONTROLLINO
● Industry-grade PLC with open source
software, fully compatible with Arduino

● 5V generator
● Connected to an appropriate power supply
● Use Arduino function analogWrite(n),
0<n<255
○ Percentage of input voltage in output

36
 Emergency shutdown of Beijing chiller
● 5V generator
● Connected to an appropriate power
supply
● Use Arduino function analogWrite(n),
0<n<255
○ Percentage of input voltage in output

37
 Turin chiller interlock system
● Communication with Cyclic Redundancy Check
● Serial communication

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TEST BEAM
● On July 2021

TEST BEAM ● Test electronic chain

TIGER - GEMROC
● 250 millions trigger collected

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 SET UP

4 planar detectors Set up with FEBs of layer 3

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Beam profile 41
TO DO TIGER - Torino Integrated Gem
Electronic for Readout

● ● 64 channels
Montecarlo software for reconstructing
signals
● Analogon planar detector
front-end amplification;
● Control
● Signalchiller with controllino
processing;
● Data digitization and
transmission

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THANKS FOR THE ATTENTION

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Gain curves The CGEM-IT readout chain Journal of Instrumentation, 16,
2021 arXiv:2105.08979
44