DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND CRISES/INCIDENTS

MANAGEMENT

DEFINITION OF TERMS:
1. Accommodation - a convenient arrangement; a settlement or compromise.
2. Active Listening - refers to a pattern of listening that keeps you engaged with your
conversation partner in a positive way.
3. Adjudicatory powers - To settle actual controversies involving rights 
4. Administrative Agency Hearings - a hearing before any governmental agency or before
an administrative law judge. 
5. AFP - Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) are the military forces of the Philippines
6. Aggression - the action or an act of attacking without provocation.
7. Alternative - offering or expressing a choice several alternative plans.
8. Alternative Dispute Resolution - means any process or procedure used to resolve a
dispute or controversy, other than by adjudication of a presiding judge of a court or an officer
of a government agency
9. Amicable Settlement - is an agreement reached during mediation and conciliation
proceedings.
10. Arbitration - is a process wherein the third party from outside the judicial system is chosen
by parties to hear and decide their dispute.
11. Arbitration Panel - means any person or panel empowered by a self-regulatory
organization to arbitrate disputes involving such organization’s members or their customers.
12. Avoiding the Conflict - avoiding or withdrawing from a conflict requires no courage or
consideration for the other party. By avoiding the conflict, you essentially pretend that it
never happened or doesn’t exist. 
13. Certificate of Failed Mediation - if the mediation is not successful, the Mediator shall
issue a “Certificate of Failed Mediation” for the purpose of returning the case for further
judicial proceedings.
14. Civil cases - is filed by a person or entity against another person or entity.
15. Collaboration - A combination of being assertive and cooperative, those who collaborate
attempt to work with others to identify a solution that fully satisfies everyone's concerns. 
16. Commercial Contracts - is an agreement between two or more parties on a commercial
issue.
17. Compensation - the act or state of compensating, as by rewarding someone for service or
by making up for someone's loss, damage, or injury by giving the injured party an appropriate
benefit.
18. Complaints - In legal terminology, a complaint is any formal legal document that sets out
the facts and legal reasons that the filing party or parties believes are sufficient to support a
claim against the party or parties against whom the claim is brought that entitles the plaintiff
to a remedy.
19. Compromise - an agreement or a settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side
making concessions.
20. Concessions - a thing that is granted, especially in response to demands; a thing conceded.
21. Conciliation - is an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) process whereby the parties to a
dispute use a conciliator, who meets with the parties both separately and together in an
attempt to resolve their differences.
22. Confidential - marked by intimacy or willingness to confide. 
23. Conflict Dynamics - can be described as the resulting interaction between the conflict
profile, the actors, and causes. 
24. Conflict Resolution Training - is a national leader in conflict resolution and mediation
training. Our graduates help: Businesses prevent, manage, and resolve workplace conflict.
Educators solve IEP disputes with proven negotiation techniques. Divorcing clients navigate
the separation process as smoothly as possible.
25. Conflict Styles - Conflict is often best understood by examining the consequences of
various behaviors at moments in time. These behaviors are usefully categorized according to
conflict styles. Each style is a way to meet one's needs in a dispute but may impact other
people in different ways.
26. Congress - is the national legislature of the Philippines. It is a bicameral body consisting of
the Senate (upper chamber), and the House of Representatives (lower chamber)
27. Consolidate - To unite into one system or whole
28. Court of Appeals - is an appellate collegiate court in the Philippines.
29. Court of Tax Appeals - is the special court of limited jurisdiction, and has the same level
with the Court of Appeals.
30. Crisis Management Committees - provides a comprehensive approach to understanding
the components of a crisis or the 5Ps of crisis management: Predict, Prevent, Prepare, Perform
and Post-Action and Assessment.
31. Decentralization - the dispersion or distribution of functions and powers; specifically,
government: the delegation of power from a central authority to regional and local authorities.
32. Decongesting - relieve the congestion (overcrowding) 
33. Department of Interior and Local Government - is the executive
department responsible for promoting peace and order, ensuring public safety, and
strengthening the capability of local government units to effectively deliver basic services to
the citizenry.
34. Diminution - the act, process, or an instance of becoming gradually less.
35. Direct Liaison - authority granted by a commander (any level) to a subordinate to directly
consult or coordinate an action with a command or agency within or outside of the granting
command.
36. Dispute - a disagreement, argument, or debate.
37. Dispute Resolution - is the process of resolving disputes between parties.
38. Dysfunctional Conflict - is conflict that leads to a decline in communication or the
performance of a group.
39. Electronic Commerce Act - On 14 June 2000, President Joseph E. Estrada signed into law
R.A. 8792 "An Act Providing for the Recognition and Use of Electronic Commercial and
Non-Commercial Transactions, Penalties for Unlawful Use Thereof, And Other Purposes,
also known as the "Electronic Commerce Act."
40. GHQ, AFP - The General Headquarters and Headquarters Service Command, informally
called GHQ, is one of the Armed Forces of the Philippines' support units tasked in base
management of Camp Aguinaldo and provides headquarters support services to subordinate
units of the AFP.
41. Giving In - to agree to do something that you do not want to do
42. Hierarchical structure - refers to a company's chain of command, typically from senior
management and executives to general employees.
43. Informal Resolution - is a voluntary, structured interaction between involved parties
(complainant and respondent) to resolve the allegations following the filing of a formal
complaint and prior to a formal hearing on the allegations.
44. Judge - a public official appointed to decide cases in a court of law.
45. Judicial Reforms - is often done as a part of wider reform of the country's political system
or a legal reform.
46. Jurisdiction - the official power to make legal decisions and judgments.
47. Jury - a body of persons legally selected and sworn to inquire into any matter of fact and to
give their verdict according to the evidence. 
48. Legal Advice - is the giving of a professional or formal opinion regarding the substance or
procedure of the law in relation to a particular factual situation.  
49. Legal Disputes - a dispute that is reasonably likely to lead to a proceeding.
50. Litigation - the act, process, or practice of settling a dispute in a court of law
51. Local Government Code - In 1991, Republic act No. 7160, otherwise known as the Local
Government Code was enacted into law, transferring control and responsibility of delivering
basic services to the hands of local government units (LGU). 
52. Lupon Tagapamayapa- the Barangay Justice System, otherwise known as the Lupon
Tagapamayapa is a system created by the government in order to solve disputes within the
Barangay level before going into court. 
53. Mechanism - a process or system that is used to produce a particular result.
54. Merit - in the legal context, merit refers to a claim which has a valid basis, setting forth
sufficient facts from which the court could find a valid claim of deprivation of a legal right.
55. Methods of Dispute Resolution - negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and litigation are
potential methods of dispute resolution in order of ascending formality.
56. Methods of Dispute Resolution Judicial Trial - A trial is a judicial proceeding that
takes place in court. Most disputes initially appear to be headed for trial. In certain cases,
there are advantages for one party or another to go to court; however, most disputes are
resolved other ways.
57. Metropolitan Trial Courts (MeTC) - the first level courts in the Metropolitan Manila
area.
58. Mini Trial -  is statutorily defined and is an agreed-upon process by the parties
59. Minister of Justice - is responsible for the ministry's legislative initiatives 
60. Minister of Local Government - These institutions are decentralized to facilitate the
Ministry’s development programmes and services at local level.
61. Municipal Trial Courts - It is referred to as such if it covers only one municipality;
otherwise, it is called Municipal Circuit Trial Court if it covers two or more municipalities.
62. National Peace and Order Council (NPOC) - The Peace and Order Council at
the national level shall be responsible for the following functions: (a) To prepare and
recommend for the approval of the President, proposals, measures, thrusts and strategies that
would effectively respond to peace and order problems.
63. National Security - "a state or condition wherein the people's welfare, well-being, ways of
life; government and its institutions; territorial integrity; sovereignty; and core values are
enhanced and protected."
64. Negotiation - discussion aimed at reaching an agreement.
65. NHQ, PNP - Philippine National Police National Headquarter. 
66. Philippine Judicial Academy (PHILJA) - is the “training school for justices, judge,
court personnel, lawyers and aspirants to judicial posts.”
67. Philippine Medical Unit (PMU) - Health service delivery was devolved to the Local
Government Units (LGUs) in 1991, and for many reasons, it has not completely surmounted
the fragmentation issue. 
68. PNP - The Philippine National Police is the armed national police force in the Philippines.
69. Presidential Decree No. 1508 - June 11, 1978. (repealed by R.A. 7160) ESTABLISHING
A SYSTEM OF AMICABLY SETTLING DISPUTES AT THE BARANGAY LEVEL.  
70. Presidential Decree No. 557 - September 21, 1974 DECLARING ALL BARRIOS IN
THE PHILIPPINES AS BARANGAYS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHEREAS, the
Barangay was the basic political unit existing in the Philippines before the arrival of the
Spaniards
71. Presidential Decree No. 86 - The present barangays (citizens assemblies) are created
under Presidential Decree No. 86 dated December 31, 1972, shall constitute the base for
citizen participation in governmental affairs and their collective views shall be considered in
the formulation of national policies or programs and, wherever practicable, shall be translated
into concrete and specific decision;
72. Pre-Trial - A proceeding held before an official trial, especially to clarify points of law and
facts.
73. Preventive Measures - Preventive measures means any reasonable measures taken by any
person to prevent or minimize damage.
74. Prime Minister - the head of an elected government; the principal minister of a sovereign
or state.
75. Proceedings - action taken in a court to settle a dispute.
76. Proprietary Functions - shall mean any activity which is conducted primarily for the
purpose of producing a pecuniary profit for the governmental agency, excluding, however,
any activity normally supported by taxes or fees.
77. Referendum - a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been
referred to them for a direct decision.
78. Regional Trial Courts - are the highest trial courts in the Philippines.
79. Rendition - the practice of sending a foreign criminal or terrorist suspect covertly to be
interrogated in a country with less rigorous regulations for the humane treatment of prisoners.
80. Repatriation - the return of someone to their own country.
81. Reprimand - to reprove sharply or censure formally usually from a position of authority.
82. Republic Act No. 6975 - established the Philippine National Police (PNP) under a
Reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government.
83. Republic Act No. 7160 -  In 1991, Republic act No. 7160, otherwise known as the Local
Government Code was enacted into law, transferring control and responsibility of delivering
basic services to the hands of local government units (LGU).
84. Republic Act No. 7394 - establishing the Consumer Act of the Philippines. This Act enters
into force 30 days after the day of its publication in the Official Gazette.
85. Resolution - a formal expression of opinion or intention made, usually after voting, by a
formal organization, a legislature, a club, or other group.
86. Retail Trade Liberalization Law - Upon the enactment of RA No. 8762, known as
the Retail Trade Liberalization Act (RTLA), in 2000, the stringent rules on retail businesses
were relaxed “to promote consumer welfare in attracting and welcoming productive
investment and to become globally competitive through the liberalization of the retail sector.”
87. Revenue - a state's annual income from which public expenses are met.
88. Sandiganbayan - is a special appellate collegial court in the Philippines that has jurisdiction
over criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt practices and other offenses
committed by public officers and employees, including those in government-owned or
government-controlled corporations.
89. Separability Clause - a clause commonly found in contracts which provides that in the
event that one or more provisions are declared void the balance of the contract remains in
force.
90. Settlement - an official agreement intended to resolve a dispute or conflict.
91. Shari’ah District Courts - created in 1977 through Presidential Decree 1083, which is
also known as the Code of Muslim Personal Laws. These courts have been established to
resolve cases involving Muslims.
92. Standing your Ground - to refuse to be pushed backwards, or to continue in your beliefs
in an argument.
93. Statutory Requirements - are those requirements which are applicable by virtue of law
enacted by the government.
94. Summary Jury Trial - is an abbreviated presentation of the case by the attorneys before a
judge and jury.
95. Supreme Court - is the highest court in the Philippines. The Supreme Court was
established by the Second Philippine Commission on June 11, 1901 through the enactment of
its Act No. 136, an Act which abolished the Real Audiencia de Manila, the predecessor of the
Supreme Court.
96. Territorial Jurisdiction - means that a criminal action should be filed in the place where
the crime was committed, except in those cases provided for in Article 2 of the Revised Penal
Code. 
97. Terrorism - is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to
intimidate or coerce a government or its citizens to further certain political or social
objectives. 
98. Trial - a formal examination of evidence before a judge, and typically before a jury, in order
to decide guilt in a case of criminal or civil proceedings.
99. Understanding Conflict Sources - understanding and conceptually organizing the
sources of conflict can greatly help improve the chances of resolving the conflict.
100. Vacancy - the term is principally applied to cases where an office is not filled.

Prepared by:
Shelomith S. Aravejo
BS CRIM 3-G