Amity Business School

ABS What is a project? ABS

• An undertaking or venture to accomplish

some objective or goal.
Amity Business School • A set of interrelated jobs whose
MBA, Semester – 3 accomplishment leads to the completion of
Management Of Software Projects the project.
Session 1 & 2
-Teena Bagga-

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What is a project? ABS What is a project? ABS

PMI Definition- o Create

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken – A product in itself or a component
to create a unique product, service, or result. – A capability to perform a service (Business
Function)
o Temporary endeavor with a definite beginning
and end. – A result such as an outcome or document
(Research Project)
• The end is reached when
• the project’s objectives have been achieved or o Unique
• when the project is terminated because its objectives will – Every project creates a unique product, service, or
not or cannot be met, or result.
• when the need for the project no longer exists. – Repetitive elements does not change the
• Some Fallacy: fundamental uniqueness.
• Not- short in duration.
• Not- apply to out put of the project
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Project Attributes ABS Types of Projects ABS

• Personal Projects
• A project: • Local Neighborhood Projects
– unique purpose. • Organisational Projects
• National Projects
– temporary. • Global Projects
– developed using progressive elaboration.
– Requires resources, often from various areas. Some Examples:
 Organising and Wedding Function
– Has interrelated activities  Cleanliness drive
– Should have a primary customer or sponsor.  Developing a new product or service
 Developing or acquiring a new or modified information system,
• The project sponsor usually provides the direction and
 Constructing a building or infrastructure
funding for the project.  Preparing Annual Budget
– Involves uncertainty  Implementing a new business process or procedure
 Space Exploration
 Environmental protection
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Amity Business School

Types of Projects ABS Project Features ABS

• Well defined collection of jobs

Projects Exist in all Organizations • Generally non-repetitive & One time effort (unique
• Small or Large nature, different from routine repetitive work)
• Government or Business Organization • Jobs interrelated through precedence (Foundation-Brick
• Non Governmental Organizations… everywhere… work)
• Jobs are otherwise independent
Because: • Jobs consumes times and resources
• Organizations (open systems) need to respond to both internal
• Coordination (imp. Skill) is required between individuals
and external changes
and organisation
• To meet their development agenda
• Time, Cost and Performance Monitoring
• To satisfy customers
• Execution: Internal / outside
• To survive
• To solve problems and grab opportunities

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Project Life Cycle ABS Project Success ABS

• Selection of a Project
• Project Planning
– Scope of work & Network development
– Scheduling
– Time-Cost tradeoff
– Resource Consideration
P1
• Project Implementation
• Project Completion and Audit
Desired State
There are several ways to define project
success
– The project met scope, time, and cost goals
– The project satisfied the customer/sponsor
P3
– The results of the project met its main objective,
P2
such as making or saving a certain amount of
money, providing a good return on investment,
or simply making the sponsors happy

Current State
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Project Management ABS Need for PM ABS

• Project management is “the application of knowledge,

skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet • Productivity Increases with processes and
the project requirements”. procedures.
• Accomplishment of Project Management Inexperienced Staff Experienced Staff
– appropriate application and integration of the 42 logically Casual
grouped project management processes. Ordinary tools 5 10
– logically grouped in to five “Process Groups”. Automated tools 7 18
• Initiating,
• Planning,
Planned
• Executing,
Ordinary tools 9 25
• Monitoring and Controlling, and
• Closing. Automated tools 14 40

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The Triple Constraint ABS Project Management ABS

of Projects What is interdependency of constraints?

The relationship among these factors [the
• On Time, Budget, Quality = Required Scope constraints] is such that if any one factor changes,
Time at least one other factor is likely to be affected.

Example:
Cost Scope
For example, if the schedule is shortened, often the
budget needs to be increased to add additional
•Integration resources to complete the same amount of work in
•Trade – Off’s Quality less time. If a budget increase is not possible, the
scope or quality may be reduced to deliver a product
in less time for the same budget.
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Project Management ABS Project Management ABS

Because of the potential for change, the project management plan is

What does a project typically include? iterative and goes through progressive elaboration throughout the
project’s life cycle.
- Identifying requirements
- Addressing the various needs, concerns, & expectations
What is iteration?
of stakeholders as the project is planned & carried out.
- Balancing the competing project constraints including,
What is progressive elaboration?
but not limited to:
- Scope, Progressive elaboration involves continuously improving and
detailing a plan as more-detailed and specific information and
- Quality,
more accurate estimates become available.
- Schedule,
- Budget,
- Resources, and Progressive elaboration allows a project management team to
manage to a greater level of detail as the project evolves.
- Risk.

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Project, Program,&
Approach Towards ABS Portfolio Management. ABS

Studying Project Management •Broader Context of Project Management

Views of Project Management Process
-Atomistic View
-Holistic View – Integrated Project Management
Dimensions of Project Management Process
-Technical (scope, WBS, resource allocation, baseline
budgets etc.
-Sociocultural (Leadership, teamwork, negotiation etc.)
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•In mature project management organizations, project
management exists in a broader context governed by program
management and portfolio management.
•Organizational strategies and priorities are linked, and there is
relationships between portfolios and programs
•Group of projects within a program can have discrete benefits,
they can also contribute to the benefits of the program, to the
objectives of the portfolio, and to the strategic plan of the
organization.
•There is relationship between programs and individual projects.
•Oranizational planning impacts the projects by means of project
prioritization based on risk, funding, and the organization’s
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Amity Business School
Portfolio Management ABS
What is ‘portfolio’?
• A portfolio refers to a collection of projects or
programs and other work that are grouped together
to facilitate effective management of that work to
meet strategic business objectives.
• The projects or programs of the portfolio may not
necessarily be interdependent or directly related.
• For example, an infrastructure firm that has the
strategic objective of “maximizing the return on its investments” may
put together a portfolio that includes a mix of projects in oil and gas,
power, water, roads, rail, and airports. From this mix, the firm may
choose to manage related projects as one program. All of the power
projects may be grouped together as a power program. Similarly, all
of the water projects may be grouped together as a water program.
Program Management ABS
Program?
• A program is defined as a group of related
projects managed in a coordinated way to
obtain benefits and control not available from
managing them individually.
• Programs may include elements of related
work outside the scope of the discrete
projects in the program.
• A project may or may not be part of a
program but a program will always have
projects.
ABS
Portfolio Management ABS
What is portfolio management?
• It refers to the centralized management of one or
more portfolios.
• It includes identifying, prioritizing, authorizing,
managing, and controlling projects, programs, and
other related work, to achieve specific strategic
business objectives.
• It focuses on ensuring that projects and programs
are reviewed to prioritize resource allocation, and
that the management of the portfolio is consistent
with and aligned to organizational strategies.
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Program Management ABS
Program management?
• Program management is defined as the
centralized coordinated management of a program to achieve
the program’s strategic objectives and benefits.
• Projects within a program are related through the common
outcome or collective capability.
• If the relationship between projects is only that of a shared
client, seller, technology, or resource, the effort should be
managed as a portfolio of projects rather than as a program.
• Program management focuses on the project
interdependencies and helps to determine the optimal
approach for managing them.
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