BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

10031:2003

Semi finished products

for forging —
Tolerances on
dimensions shape and
mass

The European Standard EN 10031:2003 has the status of a

British Standard

ICS 77.140.85

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BS EN 10031:2003
This British Standard was
published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee on
27 March 2003
© BSI 27 March 2003
ISBN 0 580 41478 7
National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of
EN 10031:2003.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
ISE/73, Steel for pressure purposes, to Subcommittee ISE/73/3, Steel forgings
for pressure purposes, which has the responsibility to:
— aid enquirers to understand the text;
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enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the
UK interests informed;
— monitor related international and European developments and
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Cross-references
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Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No. Date Comments
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1 0031
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2003

ICS 77.1 40.85

English version

Semi-finished products for forging - Tolerances on dimensions

shape and mass
Demi-produits pour forgeage - Tolérances sur des Halbzeug zum Schmieden - Grenzabmaße,
dimensions, la forme et la masse Formtoleranzen und Grenzabweichungen der Masse

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 November 2002.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C OMITÉ EURO PÉEN DE NO RMALIS ATIO N
EUROPÄIS CHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1 050 Brussels

© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1 0031 :2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 1 0031 :2003 (E)

Contents
page
Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................................3
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................4
3 Terms and definitions....................................................................................................................................4
4 Appearance and soundness .........................................................................................................................4
4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................4
4.2 Removal of surface defects ..........................................................................................................................4
5 Tolerances on dimensions............................................................................................................................5
5.1 Tolerances on sides of the cross-section ...................................................................................................5
5.1 .1 Rectangular semi-finished products ...........................................................................................................5
5.1 .2 Square or circular semi-finished products .................................................................................................5
5.2 Diagonal tolerances .......................................................................................................................................5
5.3 Length tolerances ..........................................................................................................................................5
5.3.1 Delivery in standard lengths.........................................................................................................................5
5.3.2 Delivery in fixed lengths................................................................................................................................5
6 Shape tolerances ...........................................................................................................................................6
6.1 Straightness ...................................................................................................................................................6
6.2 Twist ................................................................................................................................................................6
7 Tolerances on mass ......................................................................................................................................6
7.1 Tolerances on mass per unit length ............................................................................................................6
7.1 .1 Case of billets.................................................................................................................................................6
7.1 .2 Case of blooms and slabs.............................................................................................................................6
7.2 Tolerance on batch quantities ......................................................................................................................6
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................8

2
 EN 1 0031 :2003 (E)

Foreword

This document (EN 1 0031 :2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 28 "Steel forgings", the
secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by September 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by September 2003.
It is based on and replaces EURONORM 31 :1 969.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

3
EN 1 0031 :2003 (E)

1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for semi-finished products
intended to undergo hot forming by forging, i.e. blooms, slabs and billets made of:
 general purpose steels, in accordance with EN 1 0250-1 to 4;
 steels for pressure purposes, in accordance with EN 1 0222-1 to 5.
It does not cover semi-finished products intended for drop forging which are covered by EN 1 0243-1 .

2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication applies (including amendments).
EN 1 0079:1 992, Definition of steel products .

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1 0079:1 992 apply.

4 Appearance and soundness

4.1 General
The semi-finished products shall be sound and free from defects such as segregation, cracks, laminations and
other imperfections that preclude their intended use.

4.2 Removal of surface defects

Surface defects shall be removed by dressing in order to conform with 4.1 . Dressing may be carried out by chipping
and/or grinding or by any suitable method providing:
 the resulting depression for a single face shall not fall below a value equal to a maximum of 2% of the nominal
size or 3 mm, whichever is the greater;
 in the case of removal of defects from various faces of the same cross section, the residual transverse
dimensions shall remain within the specified tolerances;
 in order to ensure adequate blending, the width of the removed area shall be ≥ 6 times its depth and the
resulting depression shall not undercut the surface.

4
 EN 1 0031 :2003 (E)

5 Tolerances on dimensions
5.1 Tolerances on sides of the cross-section
5.1 .1 Rectangular semi-finished products

The tolerances on the specified thickness t and the width b shall be :

a) specified thickness t
 ± 4% or 3 mm, whichever is the greater;
b) specified width b
 ≤ 1 50 mm: ± 3% or ± 3 mm, whichever is the greater;
 > 1 50 mm: ± 4,5 mm or ± 2% whichever is the greater.
5.1 .2 Square or circular semi-finished products
The tolerance on the specified side length a or diameter d shall be:
 ≤ 1 50 mm: ± 3% or ± 3 mm, whichever is the greater ;
 > 1 50 mm: ± 4,5 mm or ± 2% whichever is the greater.
5.2 Diagonal tolerances
The difference between the two diagonals of the same section shall be ≤ 6 % of the larger of the two diagonals for
semi-finished products of nominal width ≤ 200 mm. For wider semi-finished products, the tolerance shall be the
subject of agreement at the time of enquiry and order.

5.3 Length tolerances

5.3.1 Delivery in standard lengths
If standard lengths are ordered, a tolerance of ± 1 000 mm shall apply. Semi-finished products shall have a length ≥
1 000 mm unless agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
In addition, for semi-finished products of nominal cross-sectional area ≤ 22 500 mm 2, only 1 0 % (relative to the
mass of the order) of semi-finished products shorter than the values indicated is permitted per delivery.
For semi-finished products of nominal cross-sectional area > 22 500 mm 2, the percentage of short semi-finished
products shall be the subject of agreement at the time of enquiry and order.
5.3.2 Delivery in fixed lengths
If fixed lengths are ordered, the following tolerance classes apply:
a) Normal tolerance, ± 250 mm;
b) Tightened tolerance, ± 1 00 mm;
c) Reduced tolerance, ± 50 mm.
The tolerance class shall be specified at the time of order. If there is no tolerance indication, the normal tolerance
(± 250 mm) applies.

5
EN 1 0031 :2003 (E)

Special tolerances lower than those specified in a), b) or c) may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order. If
agreed at the time of enquiry and order, the tolerance may be totally positive or totally negative.
In addition, if specified at the time of enquiry and order, 20 % of the semi-finished products shall be permitted in
sub-multiples of the service length; the tolerances applicable to these short bars are one class tighter than those
specified for the ordered length.

6 Shape tolerances
6.1 Straightness
Semi-finished products shall be delivered hot formed without any special straightening. The permissible deviations
shall be:
 in the case of bending, 1 0 mm per metre uniformly distributed (see Figure 1 );
 in the case of local deformations or waviness, 20 mm per metre (see Figure 2).
If specified at the time of enquiry and order, special straightening shall be carried out; the permissible deviations
shall be less than 4 mm per m.
Tolerances on deformation of the ends may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.

6.2 Twist
Square semi-finished products shall not have a twist angle greater than 4º per m, with a maximum of 1 0º for
lengths ≤ 6 m and 1 5º for greater lengths.
Rectangular semi-finished products shall not have a twist likely to adversely affect their application. If specified at
the time of enquiry and order, the tolerances specified for square semi-finished products also apply for rectangular
semi-finished products.

7 Tolerances on mass
7.1 Tolerances on mass per unit length
7.1 .1 Case of billets
The mass shall be between 88% and 1 00% inclusive of the theoretical mass per unit length corresponding to the
nominal cross-sectional area (square or rectangle of the corresponding dimensions).
7.1 .2 Case of blooms and slabs
The mass shall be between 94% and 1 00% inclusive of the theoretical mass per unit length corresponding to the
nominal cross-sectional area (square or rectangle of the corresponding dimensions).

7.2 Tolerance on batch quantities

Tolerances between the theoretical mass and the delivered mass are:
 for a batch ≤ 5 tons ± 1 0%;
 for a batch > 5 tons ± 7%.
7.3 Wider tolerances than those specified in 7.1 and 7.2 may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.

6
 EN 1 0031 :2003 (E)

Figure 1 — Uniformly distributed deformation

Key
1 Deviation from straightness

Figure 2 — Local deformation

7
EN 1 0031 :2003 (E)

Bibliography

[1 ] EN 1 0222-1 , Steel forgings for pressure purposes - Part 1 : General requirements for open die forgings
[2] EN 1 0222-2, Steel forgings for pressure purposes - Part 2: Ferritic and martensitic steels with specified
elevated temperature properties
[3] EN 1 0222-3, Steel forgings for pressure purposes - Part 3: Nickel steels with specified low temperature
properties
[4] EN 1 0222-4, Steel forgings for pressure purposes - Part 4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof strength
[5] EN 1 0222-5, Steel forgings for pressure purposes - Part 5: Martensitic, austenitic and austenitic-ferritic
stainless steels
[6] EN 1 0243-1 , Steel die forgings – Tolerances on dimensions – Part 1 : Drop and vertical press forgings
[7] EN 1 0250-1 , Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes - Part 1 : General requirements
[8] EN 1 0250-2, Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes - Part 2: Non-alloy quality and special
steels
[9] EN 1 0250-3, Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes - Part 3: Alloy special steels
[1 0] EN 1 0250-4, Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes - Part 4: Stainless steels

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BS EN
10031:2003
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