BRITISH STANDARD |

BS EN
10090:1998
|

Valve steels and alloys

|

for internal combustion

|

engines
|

The E uropean Standard E N 1 0090: 1 998 has the status of a |

|
British Standard |

|
IC S 77. 1 40 . 1 0

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW |

|
BS EN 10090:1998

National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 10090:1998. It
supersedes BS 970-4:1970 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
ISE/30, Stainless steels, which has the responsibility to:

Ð aid enquirers to understand the text;

Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the
interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate
them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to

its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications
referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the
section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the
ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover.

This British Standard, having Amendments issued since publication

been prepared under the
direction of the Engineering Amd. No. Date Text affected
Sector Board, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and comes into
effect on 15 August 1998

 BSI 1998

ISBN 0 580 29385 8

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 10090
NORME EUROPEÂENNE
EUROPAÈISCHE NORM February 1998

ICS 27.020; 77.140.10

Descriptors: Iron and steel products, steels, alloy steels, engine valves, internal combustion engines, specifications

English version

Valve steels and alloys for internal combustion engines

Aciers et alliages pour soupapes de moteurs aÁ VentilstaÈhle und -legierungen fuÈr

combustion interne Verbrennungskraftmaschinen

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 January 1998.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to
the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation
EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
Members.
Ref. No. EN 10090:1998 E
Page 2
EN 10090:1998

Foreword Contents
This European Standard has been prepared by Page
ECISS/TC 23/SC 1, Stainless steels, the secretariat of
which is held by the Normenausschuû Eise und Stahl Foreword 2
(FES) of DIN. 1 Scope 3
This European Standard shall be given the status of a 2 Normative references 3
national standard, either by publication of an identical 3 Definitions 3
text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1998,
and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn 4 Classification and designation 3
at the latest by August 1998. 4.1 Classification 3
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, 4.2 Designation 4
the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European 5 Information to be supplied by the
Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, purchaser 4
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, 5.1 Mandatory information 4
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, 5.2 Supplementary information 4
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
6 Manufacturing process 4
6.1 Melting process 4
6.2 Manufacture of the product 4
6.3 Heat treatment condition and surface
finish at the time of delivery 4
7 Requirements 4
7.1 Chemical composition 4
7.2 Mechanical properties 5
7.3 Internal and external condition 5
7.4 Dimensions and tolerances 5
8 Testing 5
8.1 Agreement of tests and inspection
documents 5
8.2 Number of tests 5
8.3 Selection and preparation of samples
and test pieces 5
8.4 Test methods 6
8.5 Retests 6
8.6 Certification of the tests 6
9 Marking 6
10 Complaints 6
Annex A (informative) Technical
supplement 10

 BSI 1998

1 Scope
1.1 This European Standard applies to the grades of
wrought high-alloy materials listed in Table 1. These
valve materials are used for intake and exhaust valves
in reciprocating internal combustion engines.
It is applicable to bars, wire, rod and forgings and for
the surface finishes listed in note 3 of 6.3 .
1.2 This European Standard does not apply to alloys
resistant to wear and corrosion which are used to
protect valve seat surfaces.
1.3 In addition to the specifications of this European
Standard, the general technical delivery requirements
of EN 10021 are applicable, unless otherwise specified.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or
undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the
appropriate places in the text and the publications are
listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to or revisions of any of these
publications apply to this European Standard only
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For
undated references the latest edition of the publication
referred to applies.
EN 10002-1, Metallic materials Ð Tensile testing Ð
Part 1: Method oftest (at ambient temperature)
(including Addendum AC1:1990).
EN 10002-5, Metallic materials Ð Tensile testing Ð
Part 5: Method oftest at elevated temperature.
EN 10003-1, Metallic materials Ð Hardness test Ð
Brinell Ð Part 1: Test method.
EN 10020, Definition and classification of grades of
steel.
EN 10021, General technical delivery requirements for
steel and iron products.
EN 10027-1, Designation systems for steel Ð Part 1:
Steel names, principal symbols.
EN 10027-2, Designation systems for steel Ð Part 2:
Numerical system.
EN 10052, Vocabulary ofheat treatment terms for
ferrous products.
EN 10079, Definition ofsteel products.
EN 10109-1, Metallic materials Ð Hardness test Ð
Part 1: Rockwell methods (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, K) and methods N and T (scales 15N, 30N, 45N,
15T, 30T, 45T) .
EN 10204, Metallic products Ð Types of inspection
documents (includes amendment A1:1995).
EN 10221, Surface quality classes for hot-rolled bars
and rods Ð Technical delivery conditions.
EN ISO 377, Steel and steel products Ð Location and
preparation ofsamples and test pieces for mechanical
testing.
1)
It may be agreed at the time of ordering, until this EURONORM has been adopted as a European Standard, that either this
EURONORM or a corresponding national standard should be applied.
 BSI 1998
Page 3
EN 10090:1998
prEN 10278, Dimensions and tolerances of bright steel
products.
EURONORM 171) , Rod in general purpose non-alloy
steel for cold drawing; dimensions and tolerances.
EURONORM 601) , Hot rolled round bars for general
purposes.
EURONORM 1031) , Microscopic determination of the
ferritic or austenitic grain size of steels.
CR 10261, ECISS/IC 11 Ð Iron and steel Ð Review of
available methods ofchemical analysis.
ISO 14284, Steel and iron Ð Sampling and
preparation ofsamples for the determination of
chemical composition.
3 Definitions
For the purpose of this European Standard the
following definition applies, in addition to the
definitions in EN 10020, EN 10021, EN 10052, EN 10079,
EN ISO 377 and ISO 14284.
3.1 valve materials
steels and non-ferrous metal alloys which exhibit, to
varying degrees, resistance to:
Ð heat;
Ð thermal cycling;
Ð corrosion;
Ð oxidation;
Ð fatigue loading;
Ð impact;
Ð adhesive and abrasive wear
valve materials are therefore used for the manufacture
of intake and exhaust valves in reciprocating internal
combustion engines
4 Classification and designation
4.1 Classification
4.1.1 All steel grades are, according to
EN 10020, classified as alloyed special steels.
4.1.2 Valve materials are divided into two categories
based upon structure, which is itself determined by the
general chemical composition:
Ð martensitic steels which are primarily used for
intake valves and the stem portion of exhaust valves;
Ð austenitic alloys, which are primarily used for
exhaust valves.
Page 4
EN 10090:1998
4.2 Designation
4.2.1 Names
For the steel grades covered by this European
Standard, the steel names as given in the relevant
tables are assigned in accordance with EN 10027-1.
NOTE Explanation of the names used for alloys:
The preceding chemical symbols indicate the main alloy elements
and the figure immediately following indicates the average content
of these alloys subsequently followed by the other added alloy
elements in short designation.
4.2.2 Numbers
For the steel grades covered by this European
Standard, the steel numbers as given in the relevant
tables are allocated in accordance with EN 10027-2.
NOTE Explanation of the numbers used for alloys:
The structure is set out according to EN 10027-2 with the
number 2 for the material group number. This material group
comprises chemically resistant and high temperature or heat
resistant nickel and cobalt alloys.
5 Information to be supplied by the
purchaser
5.1 Mandatory information
The following information shall be supplied by the
purchaser at the time of enquiry and order:
a) the quantity to be delivered;
b) the designation of the product form (e.g. ``bar'');
c) the number of the dimensional standard
(e.g. EURONORM 60);
d) the dimensions and tolerances on dimensions
and shape;
e) reference to this European Standard (EN 10090);
f) name or number of the steel or alloy grade
(see Table 1);
g) the heat treatment condition on delivery (see 6.3 );
h) all other necessary details including the intended
method of processing (hot extrusion or upsetting
with electric resistance heating);
i) if required, the type of inspection document in
accordance with EN 10204 (see 8.1 ).
EXAMPLE
10 t round bars of 30 mm diameter, dimensional
tolerances as specified in EURONORM 60, of a steel
grade according to EN 10090 with the name
X45CrSi9-3 and the number 1.4718, in the soft annealed
condition (+A), intended for hot extrusion, inspection
document 3.1.B as specified in EN 10204:
10 t rounds EURONORM 60±30 steel EN 10090 ±
X45CrSi9-3 +A, for hot extrusion EN 10204-3.1.B
or
10 t rounds EURONORM 60±30 steel
EN 10090 ± 1.4718 +A, for hot extrusion
EN 10204-3.1.B
5.2 Supplementary information
The following supplementary information may be
supplied by the purchaser and agreed with the
manufacturer:
a) product analysis (see 7.1.3 );
b) verification of mechanical properties in the
reference heat treatment condition (see A.2.4);
c) limitations on non-metallic inclusions (see 7.3.1 );
d) surface quality class for hot-rolled round bars and
rods (see 7.3.5 );
e) other tests (see 8.2.2 );
f) special marking (see 9.1 ).
6 Manufacturing process
6.1 Melting process
6.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed in the order, the type of
melting process (see 6.1.2 ) is left to the discretion of
the manufacturer.
6.1.2 The non-ferrous metal alloys NiFe25Cr20NbTi
and NiCr20TiAl are usually produced by remelting
processes.
6.2 Manufacture of the product
The manufacturing process route of the product shall
be at the manufacturer's discretion.
6.3 Heat treatment condition and surface finish
at the time of delivery
The heat treatment condition and surface finish of the
products at the time of delivery shall be agreed when
ordering.
NOTE 1 Valve materials intended for subsequent processing by
metal forming are normally ordered in one of the heat treatment
conditions indicated in Table 3.
NOTE 2 When they have become finished components, the
materials are used, depending on their chemical composition, in
the quenched and tempered or precipitation-hardened condition
(see Tables A.1 and A.5).
NOTE 3 Valve materials are mainly supplied in bar form, with
one of the following surface finishes:
Ð turned and polished;
Ð turned and ground;
Ð ground;
Ð ground and polished;
Ð turned and ground, then polished;
Ð as rolled.
7 Requirements
7.1 Chemical composition
7.1.1 The chemical composition of the materials, as
given by the cast analysis, shall conform to the
specifications in Table 1.
7.1.2 Slight deviations from the specified limits may
be permitted by the purchaser, if the characteristics in
use are only affected to a negligible extent.
 BSI 1998

7.1.3 At the time of ordering, it may be agreed that
the result of the product analysis, with the permissible
deviations given in Table 2, shall serve as proof that the
limiting values for the cast analysis in Table 1 have
been complied with.
7.2 Mechanical properties
Table 3 specifies values of the mechanical properties at
room temperature for the soft annealed and quenched
and tempered conditions of martensitic steels and for
the controlled cooled and/or quenched conditions of
austenitic materials (see also Tables A.1 to A.4).
7.3 Internal and external condition
7.3.1 Any limitations on non-metallic inclusions for
valve materials shall be agreed upon at the time of
enquiry and order.
7.3.2 The valve materials shall not have any internal
defects detrimental to valve fabrication and use of the
valves.
7.3.3 The NiCr20TiAl and NiFe25Cr20NbTi alloys shall
have a grain size of 4 and/or finer when tested in
accordance with EURONORM 103, but occasional
coarser grains shall be tolerated.
7.3.4 In the case of bars which were turned or ground
during finishing (see 6.3 , note 3), the depth of surface
defects shall not exceed the tolerance class h11 of
prEN 10278.
7.3.5 In all other cases, the requirements governing
surface quality shall be agreed upon at the time of
enquiry and order.
For round bars and rods to be delivered in the
hot-rolled surface condition, these requirements should
where appropriate be based on EN 10221.
7.4 Dimensions and tolerances
The dimensions and tolerances of the product shall
comply with the requirements agreed upon at the time
of enquiry and order. The agreements shall, as far as
possible, be based on corresponding European
Standards and EURONORMs, or otherwise on suitable
national standards.
NOTE The following European Standards and EURONORMs
cover dimensions and/or tolerances for products included in this
European Standard:
Ð for rod: EURONORM 17;
Ð for as-rolled round bars: EURONORM 60;
Ð for bright products: prEN 10278.
8 Testing
8.1 Agreement of tests and inspection
documents
8.1.1 For each delivery, the issue of one of the
documents listed in 8.6 may be agreed upon at the
time of enquiry and order.
8.1.2 If, in accordance with the agreements at the
time of enquiry and order, a test report is to be
provided, this shall cover the results of the cast
analysis for all elements specified for the valve
material supplied.
 BSI 1998
Page 5
EN 10090:1998
8.1.3 If, in accordance with the agreements at the
time of enquiry and order, an inspection certificate or
an inspection report is to be provided, the
specifications in 8.2 to 8.5 are to be observed.
8.2 Number of tests
8.2.1 Mechanical tests
8.2.1.1 The test unit shall consist of products from
the same cast, the same type of manufacturing process
and the same heat treatment batch; all products of the
test unit shall have cross-sections of the same form
and nominal dimensions.
8.2.1.2 For the purpose of verifying the mechanical
properties given in Table 3, unless otherwise agreed at
the time of ordering, one sample per 10 t shall be taken
from the test units as described in 8.2.1.1 . As far as
possible, the hardness shall be determined, otherwise
the tensile test shall be carried out.
8.2.2 Other tests
Where, in addition to the tests in 8.2.1 , other tests are
to be carried out and certified in an inspection
certificate or inspection report, this shall be agreed
upon at the time of enquiry and order, together with
the necessary details on the test unit and the number
of tests.
8.3 Selection and preparation of samples and
test pieces
8.3.1 Product analysis
For product analysis, the selection and preparation of
samples shall be carried out in accordance with the
requirements of ISO 14284.
If the spectrographic analysis method is used, testing
may be carried out on the surface of the product.
However, in cases of doubt, it will be necessary to
carry out several analyses evenly distributed over the
cross-section of the product and to average their
results.
8.3.2 Tensile and hardness tests
8.3.2.1 The test pieces for the tensile test shall be
taken in the longitudinal direction of the products (in
accordance with EN ISO 377) and be prepared in
accordance with EN ISO 377 and EN 10002-1.
8.3.2.2 The hardness test shall be made in the
cross-sectional area from which the tensile test pieces
are to be taken. The test pieces for the hardness test
shall be prepared in accordance with EN 10003-1 or
EN 10109-1.
8.3.3 Grain size
The instructions given in EURONORM 103 shall apply
to the sampling and preparation of test pieces for
determining the austenitic grain size.
8.3.4 Surface testing
In cases of dispute, transverse microsections shall be
prepared for the microscopic examination of the
surface quality (see also 8.4.5 ).
Page 6
EN 10090:1998
8.4 Test methods
8.4.1 Chemical analysis
The chemical composition shall be determined in
accordance with the appropriate European Standards
listed in CR 10261 or prepared since the publication
of CR 10261.
8.4.2 Tensile test
The tensile test at room temperature shall be
performed in accordance with EN 10002-1. The tensile
test at elevated temperature shall be performed in
accordance with EN 10002-5.
8.4.3 Hardness test
The Rockwell C hardness test shall be performed in
accordance with EN 10109-1; the Brinell hardness test
shall be performed in accordance with EN 10003-1.
8.4.4 Grain size
The austenitic grain size shall be determined in
accordance with EURONORM 103.
Unless otherwise agreed, the choice between the
various methods specified in EURONORM 103 is left to
the discretion of the manufacturer.
8.4.5 Surface defects
In cases of dispute, the depth of surface defects shall,
in accordance with EN 10221, be determined by
metallography on a transverse microsection. If this is
not possible, the defective spot shall be filed until the
defect disappears, in order to determine the depth of
the defect by suitable means.
8.5 Retests
EN 10021 shall apply for retests.
8.6 Certification of the tests
EN 10204 is valid, acceptable inspection documents
being:
Ð a test report;
Ð an inspection certificate; or
Ð an inspection report.
9 Marking
9.1 Each coil of wire or bundle of bars shall be
identified by means of a securely affixed label,
featuring:
Ð the manufacturer's mark or name;
Ð the grade of material;
Ð the cast number;
Ð the nominal size.
Marking which identifies the surface finish and/or
indicates the coil or bundle weight may be agreed
upon.
9.2 The marking on the label shall remain clearly
legible even after prolonged outdoor exposure of the
coil or bundle.
9.3 In the case of bars with diameters not smaller
than 30 mm or with a cross-section of equivalent area,
the manufacturer shall also ensure that one bar per
bundle is marked as a guide bar. This requires painting
its front end white and affixing the manufacturer's
mark, the material grade and the cast number on the
front end, either by engraving (die-stamping), or by
printing (rubber stamping), or by means of adhesive
tape.
In the case of diameters smaller than 30 mm, or
cross-sections of equivalent area, a second label giving
information about the manufacturer, the material grade
and the cast number shall be provided.
10 Complaints
The conditions for dealing with complaints specified in
EN 10021 shall apply.
 BSI 1998
 Table 1 Ð Types of materials and specified chemical composition (cast analysis)
Designation Chemical composition % by mass

 BSI 1998
Name Number C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Others
max. max.
Martensitic steels
X45CrSi9-3 1.4718 0,40 to 0,50 2,70 to 3,30 max. 0,601) 0,040 0,030 8,00 to 10,00 Ð max. 0,50 Ð
X40CrSiMo10-2 1.4731 0,35 to 0,45 2,00 to 3,00 max. 0,801) 0,040 0,030 9,50 to 11,50 0,80 to 1,30 max. 0,50 Ð
X85CrMoV18-2 1.4748 0,80 to 0,90 max. 1,00 max. 1,50 0,040 0,030 16,50 to 18,50 2,00 to 2,50 Ð V: 0,30 to 0,60
Austenitic materials
X55CrMnNiN20-8 1.4875 0,50 to 0,60 max. 0,25 7,00 to 10,00 0,045 0,030 19,50 to 21,50 Ð 1,50 to 2,75 N: 0,20 to 0,40
X53CrMnNiN21-9 1.4871 0,48 to 0,58 max. 0,25 8,00 to 10,00 0,045 0,0302) 20,00 to 22,00 Ð 3,25 to 4,50 N: 0,35 to 0,50
X50CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4882 0,45 to 0,55 max. 0,45 8,00 to 10,00 0,045 0,030 20,00 to 22,00 Ð 3,50 to 5,50 W: 0,80 to 1,50;
Nb + Ta: 1,80 to
2,50;
N: 0,40 to 0,60
X53CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4870 0,48 to 0,58 max. 0,45 8,00 to 10,00 0,045 0,030 20,00 to 22,00 Ð 3,25 to 4,50 Nb + Ta: 2,00 to
3,00;
N: 0,38 to 0,50;
C + N > 0,90
X33CrNiMnN23-8 1.4866 0,28 to 0,38 0,50 to 1,00 1,50 to 3,50 0,045 0,030 22,00 to 24,00 max. 0,50 7,00 to 9,00 W: max. 0,50;
N: 0,25 to 0,35
NiFe25Cr20NbTi 2.4955 0,04 to 0,10 max. 1,00 max. 1,00 0,030 0,015 18,00 to 21,00 Ð remainder Al: 0,30 to 1,00;
Fe: 23,00 to 28,00;
Nb + Ta: 1,00 to
2,00;
Ti: 1,00 to 2,00;
B: max. 0,008
NiCr20TiAl 2.4952 0,04 to 0,10 max. 1,00 max. 1,00 0,020 0,015 18,00 to 21,00 Ð min. 65 Fe: max. 3,00;
Cu: max. 0,20;
Co: max. 2,00;
B: max. 0,008;
Al: 1,00 to 1,80;
Ti: 1,80 to 2,70
1) For improving continuous casting, a Mn-content of 0,50 % to 1,50 % may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
2) At the time of enquiry and order, a sulfur content of 0,020 % to 0,080 % may be agreed.
EN 10090:1998
Page 7
Page 8
EN 10090:1998

Table 2 Ð Product analysis: permissible deviations from the specified cast analysis (see Table 1)
Element Cast analysis (specified limits) Permissible deviations 1)2) from the specified
composition
% by mass % by mass
C < 0,20 ±0,01
$ 0,20 < 0,60 ±0,02
$ 0,60 # 0,90 ±0,03
Si $ 1,00 ±0,05
> 1,00 # 3,30 ±0,10
Mn < 1,00 ±0,03
$ 1,00 # 2,00 ±0,04
> 2,00 # 10,00 ±0,06
P # 0,040 +0,005
> 0,040 # 0,045 +0,010
S # 0,030 +0,005
N # 0,60 ±0,02
Cr $ 8,00 # 10,00 ±0,10
> 10,00 # 15,00 ±0,15
> 15,00 # 20,00 ±0,20
> 20,00 # 24,00 ±0,25
Mo < 1,75 ±0,05
$ 1,75 # 2,50 ±0,10
Ni < 5,00 ±0,07
$ 5,00 # 9,00 ±0,10
Nb (+ Ta) $ 1,80 # 3,00 ±0,05
V $ 0,30 # 0,60 ±0,03
W # 1,50 ±0,05
1)The permissible deviations for the NiCr20TiAl and NiFe25Cr20NbTi alloys shall be agreed upon at the time of ordering, if required.
2)`` ±'' means that in one cast, and in more than one product analysis, the deviation may occur over the upper value or under the lower
value of the specified range in Table 1, but not both at the same time.

 BSI 1998
 Page 9
EN 10090:1998

Table 3 Ð Mechanical properties at room temperature in the heat

treatment condition on delivery
Designation Heat treatment condition on delivery Hardness 1) Tensile
strength 1)
Name Number HB N/mm2 2)
Martensitic steels
X45CrSi9-3 1.4718 Soft annealed (+A) max. 300 Ð
Quenched and tempered (+QT) see Table A.1
X40CrSiMo10-2 1.4731 Soft annealed (+A) max. 300 Ð
X85CrMoV18-2 1.4748 Soft annealed (+A) max. 300 Ð
Austenitic materials
X55CrMnNiN20-8 1.4875 Controlled cooled3) approx. 385 approx. 1 300
Quenched at 1 000 8C to 1 100 8C4) max. 385 max. 1 300
X53CrMnNiN21-9 1.4871 Controlled cooled3) approx. 385 approx. 1 300
Quenched at 1 000 8C to 1 100 8C4) max. 385 max. 1 300
X50CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4882 Controlled cooled3) approx. 385 approx. 1 300
Quenched at 1 000 8C to 1 100 8C4) max. 385 max. 1 300
X53CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4870 Controlled cooled3) approx. 385 approx. 1 300
Quenched at 1 000 8C to 1 100 8C4) max. 385 max. 1 300
X33CrNiMnN23-8 1.4866 Controlled cooled3) approx. 360 approx. 1 250
Quenched at 1 000 8C to 1 100 8C4) max. 360 max. 1 200
NiFe25Cr20NbTi 2.4955 Quenched at 930 8C to 1 030 8C max. 295 max. 1 000
NiCr20TiAl 2.4952 Quenched at 930 8C to 1 030 8C max. 325 max. 1 100
1) In the case of austenitic materials the tensile strength values shall be decisive in cases of dispute.
2) 1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa.
3) This heat treatment condition is suitable for processing by hot extrusion.
4) This heat treatment condition is suitable for processing by upsetting with electric resistance heating.

 BSI 1998
Page 10
EN 10090:1998
Annex A (informative)
Technical supplement
A.1 General
Property values contained in the main text of this
European Standard are requirements of delivery.
Property values indicated in this annex are not
requirements of delivery (with the exception indicated
in Table A.1, footnote 4) because they are the result of
processing after delivery. The data in this annex are
provided only as a guide to the relative performance of
the different materials covered in this European
Standard.
They are not intended for use in the purchase, design,
development, manufacture or usage of any item. Users
must assure themselves of the properties actually
obtained in practice.
A.2 Mechanical properties
A.2.1 For the reference heat treatment condition
(see Table A.5), reference values for mechanical
properties at room temperature are given in Table A.1.
A.2.2 For the reference heat treatment condition
(see Table A.5), reference values for tensile strength
and 0,2 % proof strength at elevated temperatures are
given in Tables A.2 and A.3 respectively.
A.2.3 Reference values for the creep strength
after 1 000 h are given in Table A.4.
NOTE A European Standard on creep rupture testing of metallic
materials is in preparation and should be applied as soon as it is
available, because the results of creep tests are very dependent on
differences in the testing conditions.
A.2.4 If the mechanical properties covered in
Tables A.1 to A.3 are to be checked, then the relevant
reference heat treatment indicated in Table A.5 should
be carried out before the mechanical properties are
tested. In addition, for tests at room temperature the
specifications of 8.3.2 , 8.4.2 and 8.4.3 shall be applied.
For tests at elevated temperatures, those of EN ISO 377
and EN 10002-5 should be applied.
A.3 Physical properties
Table A.6 contains reference values relating to the
physical properties of the materials complying with
this European Standard.
A.4 Subsequent processing and heat treatment
A.4.1 Shaping and heat treatment
All the materials listed in this European Standard are
suitable for hot forming. As a general rule, hot forming
becomes more difficult as the alloy content increases,
because of the reduced capacity for flow.
Consequently, abrupt reductions in cross-section during
any single forging pass should be avoided.
When establishing parameters for heating prior to
forging, the low thermal conductivity of austenitic
alloys should be borne in mind. Any temperature
gradients in valve alloys can cause tremendous internal
stresses during forging and working, which result in
internal ruptures and surface cracks.
Guideline temperatures for hot forming and heat
treatment are given in Table A.5.
A.4.2 Machining
Machining is possible but difficult in the case of
austenitic materials, due to their high strength,
toughness and strain hardening characteristics. To
prevent cracks from occurring during grinding
operations, appropriate grinding conditions should be
chosen.
 BSI 1998
 Page 11
EN 10090:1998

Table A.1 Ð Reference values for the mechanical properties at room temperature (for diameters
up to 40 mm) (applicable to the reference heat treatment condition in accordance with
Table A.5)
Designation Reference Hardness 0.2% proof Tensile Elongation Reduction in
heat strength 2) strength after area after
treatment fracture fracture 2)
Number condition
1)
Name HB HRC 2) N/mm2 3) N/mm2 3) (L0 = 5d0) 2)
% %
Martensitic steels
X45CrSi9-3 1.4718 +QT4) 266 to 325 Ð 700 900 to 1 100 14 40
X40CrSiMo10-2 1.4731 +QT 266 to 325 Ð 700 900 to 1 100 14 40
X85CrMoV18-2 1.4748 +QT 296 to 355 Ð 800 1 000 to 1 200 7 12
Austenitic materials
X55CrMnNiN20-8 1.4875 +AT +P Ð 285) 550 900 to 1 150 8 10
X53CrMnNiN21-9 1.4871 +AT +P Ð 305) 580 950 to 1 200 8 10
X50CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4882 +AT +P Ð 305) 580 950 to 1 150 12 15
X53CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4870 +AT +P Ð 305) 580 950 to 1 150 8 10
X33CrNiMnN23-8 1.4866 +AT +P Ð 255) 550 850 to 1 100 20 30
NiFe25Cr20NbTi 2.4955 +AT +P Ð 28 500 900 to 1 100 25 30
NiCr20TiAl 2.4952 +AT +P Ð 32 725 1 100 to 1 400 15 25
1) +QT = quenched and tempered; +AT = solution annealed; +P = precipitation hardened.
2) The values given here are situated near the lower limit of the scatter range.
3) 1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa.
4) Also possible as delivery condition, in which case the values shall apply as true requirements.
5) Austenitic grades X55CrMnNiN20-8 to X33CrNiMnN23-8 may show hardness values which cannot be converted into tensile strength
values acording to the standard tables commonly used in laboratories. Therefore, in cases of dispute only the tensile strength value
shall be considered as valid.

 BSI 1998
Page 12
EN 10090:1998

Table A.2 Ð Reference values for the tensile strength at elevated temperatures
Designation Reference heat Tensile strength 2) at
Name Number treatment 500 ÊC 550 ÊC 600 ÊC 650 ÊC 700 ÊC 750 ÊC 800 ÊC
condition 1)
N/mm2 3)
Martensitic steels
X45CrSi9-3 1.4718 +QT 500 360 250 170 (110)4) Ð Ð
X40CrSiMo10-2 1.4731 +QT 550 420 300 220 (130) 4) Ð Ð
X85CrMoV18-2 1.4748 +QT 550 400 300 230 (180) 4) Ð Ð
Austenitic materials
X55CrMnNiN20-8 1.4875 +AT +P 640 590 540 490 440 360 290
X53CrMnNiN21-9 1.4871 +AT +P 650 600 550 500 450 370 300
X50CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4882 +AT +P 680 650 610 550 480 410 340
X53CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4870 +AT +P 680 650 600 510 450 380 320
X33CrNiMnN23-8 1.4866 +AT +P 600 570 530 470 400 340 280
NiFe25Cr20NbTi 2.4955 +AT +P 800 800 790 740 640 500 340
NiCr20TiAl 2.4952 +AT +P 1 050 1 030 1 000 930 820 680 500
1) +QT = quenched and tempered; +AT = solution annealed; +P = precipitation hardened.
2) The values given here are situated near the lower limit of the scatter range.
3) 1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa.
4) This grade should not be used at 700 8C and above.

Table A.3 Ð Reference values for the 0,2 % proof strength at elevated temperatures
Designation Reference 0,2 % proof strength 2) at
Name Number heat 500 8C 550 8C 600 8C 650 8C 700 8C 750 8C 800 8C
treatment
condition 1) N/mm2 3)
Martensitic steels
X45CrSi9-3 1.4718 +QT 400 300 240 120 (80)4) Ð Ð
X40CrSiMo10-2 1.4731 +QT 450 350 260 180 (100) 4) Ð Ð
X85CrMoV18-2 1.4748 +QT 500 370 280 170 (120) 4) Ð Ð
Austenitic materials
X55CrMnNiN20-8 1.4875 +AT +P 300 280 250 230 220 200 170
X53CrMnNiN21-9 1.4871 +AT +P 350 330 300 270 250 230 200
X50CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4882 +AT +P 350 330 310 285 260 240 220
X53CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4870 +AT +P 340 320 310 280 260 235 220
X33CrNiMnN23-8 1.4866 +AT +P 270 250 220 210 190 180 170
NiFe25Cr20NbTi 2.4955 +AT +P 450 450 450 450 430 380 250
NiCr20TiAl 2.4952 +AT +P 700 650 650 600 600 500 450
1) +QT = quenched and tempered; +AT = solution annealed; +P = precipitation hardened.
2) The values given here are situated near the lower limit of the scatter range.
3) 1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa.
4) This grade should not be used at 700 8C and above.

 BSI 1998
 Page 13
EN 10090:1998

Table A.4 Ð Reference values for the creep strength after 1 000 h (applicable to the reference
condition in accordance with Table A.5)
Designation Creep strength 1) after 1 000 h at
500 8C 650 8C 725 8C 800 8C
Name Number (N/mm2 2) )
Martensitic steels
X45CrSi9-3 1.4718 190 40 Ð Ð
X40CrSiMo10-2 1.4731 210 40 Ð Ð
X85CrMoV18-2 1.4748 260 52 18 Ð
Austenitic materials
X55CrMnNiN20-8 1.4875 Ð 160 85 45
X53CrMnNiN21-9 1.4871 Ð 200 110 50
X50CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4882 Ð 220 120 55
X53CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4870 Ð 215 115 50
X33CrNiMnN23-8 1.4866 Ð 200 110 50
NiFe25Cr20NbTi 2.4955 Ð 400 180 60
NiCr20TiAl 2.4952 Ð 500 290 150
1) Mean values of scatter range determined until now.
2) 1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa.

Table A.5 Ð Reference data for hot forming and heat treatment
Designation Hot forming Soft Quenching or Quenching Tempering or
annealing solution heat agent artificial ageing
treatment
Name Number 8 C 8 C 8 C 8 C
Martensitic steels
X45CrSi9-3 1.4718 1 100 to 900 780 to 820/ 1 000 to 1 050 oil 720 to 820 air or
air or water water
X40CrSiMo10-2 1.4731 1 100 to 900 780 to 820/ 1 000 to 1 050 oil 720 to 820/air or
air or water water
X85CrMoV18-2 1.4748 1 100 to 900 820 to 860/ 1 050 to 1 080 oil 720 to 820/air
retarded
cooling
Austenitic materials
X55CrMnNiN20-8 1.4875 1 100 to 950 Ð 1 140 to 1 180 water 760 to 815/
4 h to 8 h air
X53CrMnNiN21-9 1.4871 1 150 to 950 Ð 1 140 to 1 180 water 760 to 815/
4 h to 8 h air
X50CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4882 1 150 to 950 Ð 1 160 to 1 200 water 760 to 815/
4 h to 8 h air
X53CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4870 1 150 to 980 Ð 1 160 to 1 200 water 760 to 850/6 h air
X33CrNiMnN23-8 1.4866 1 150 to 980 Ð 1 150 to 1 170 water 800 to 830/8 h air
NiFe25Cr20NbTi 2.4955 1 150 to 1 050 Ð 1 000 to 1 080 air or water 690 to 710/16 h air
NiCr20TiAl 2.4952 1 150 to 1 050 Ð 1 000 to 1 080 air or water 690 to 710/16 h air

 BSI 1998
Page 14
EN 10090:1998

Table A.6 Ð Reference data relating to physical properties (applicable to the reference
condition in accordance with Table A.5)
Designation Density Modulus Thermal expansion Thermal Specific Magnetizability
at 20 8C of coefficient between 20 8C and conduct- heat
elasticity ivity capacity
at 20 8C at 20 8C at 20 8C
Name Number kg/dm3 kN/mm2 1) 100 8C 300 8C 500 8C 700 8C W/m⋅ K J/kg⋅ K
(10 2 6 ⋅K
2 1)

Martensitic steels
X45CrSi9-3 1.4718 7,7 210 10,9 11,2 11,5 11,8 21 500 existent
X40CrSiMo10-2 1.4731 7,7 210 10,9 11,2 11,5 11,8 21 500 existent
X85CrMoV18-2 1.4748 7,7 210 10,9 11,2 11,5 11,8 21 500 existent
Austenitic materials
X55CrMnNiN20-8 1.4875 7,8 205 15,5 17,5 18,5 18,8 14,5 500 non-existent 2)
X53CrMnNiN21-9 1.4871 7,8 205 15,5 17,5 18,5 18,8 14,5 500 non-existent 2)
X50CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4882 7,8 205 15,5 17,5 18,5 18,8 14,5 500 non-existent 2)
X53CrMnNiNbN21-9 1.4870 7,8 205 15,5 17,5 18,5 18,8 14,5 500 non-existent 2)
X33CrNiMnN23-8 1.4866 7,8 205 16,5 17,1 17,3 17,4 14,5 500 non-existent 2)
NiFe25Cr20NbTi 2.4955 8,1 215 14,1 15,5 15,9 16,8 13 460 non-existent
NiCr20TiAl 2.4952 8,3 215 11,9 13,1 13,7 14,5 13 460 non-existent
1) 1 N/mm2) = 1 MPa.
2) Austenitic steels may be slightly magnetizable in the aged condition. Their magnetizability may increase with extended cold forming.

 BSI 1998
blank
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