BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

10109-2:1996

Metallic materials —
Hardness test —
Part 2: Verification of Rockwell
hardness testing machines (scales A, B,
C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)

The European Standard EN 10109-2:1994 has the status of a

British Standard

Product code 00636903

ICS 77.040.10
BS EN 10109-2:1996

Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical
Committee ISE/NFE/4, Mechanical testing of metals, upon which the following
bodies were represented:
AEA Technology
Aluminium Federation
British Non-Ferrous Metals Federation
British Railways Board
British Steel Industry
Copper Development Association
Department of Trade and Industry (National Measurement Accreditation
Service)
Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory)
ERA Technology Ltd.
Electricity Association
GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.)
Institute of Materials
Light Metal Founders’ Association
Ministry of Defence
Society of British Aerospace Companies Ltd.
University College London
Welding Institute
The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard,
through subcommittees and panels:
Department of Trade and Industry (National Engineering Laboratory)
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd.

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Engineering
Sector Board, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and comes
into effect on
Amendments issued since publication
15 January 1996
Amd. No. Date Comments
© BSI 12-1998

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference ISE/NFE/4
Draft for comment 90/43828 DC

ISBN 0 580 25135 7

 BS EN 10109-2:1996

Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
National foreword ii
Foreword 2
Text of EN 10109-2 3
National annex NA (informative) Non-conflicting
national additions Inside back cover

© BSI 12-1998 i
BS EN 10109-2:1996

National foreword
This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISE/NFE/4. It
is identical with EN 10109-2 Metallic materials — Hardness test —
Part 2: Verification of Rockwell hardness testing machines (scales A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, K, N, T) drawn up by ECISS (European Committee for Iron and Steel
Standardization).
It supersedes BS 891:1989 and BS 4175:1989, which are withdrawn.
Cross-references
Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard
EN 10002-3 BS EN 10002 Tensile testing of metallic materials
Part 3:1995 Calibration of force proving instruments used
for the verification of uniaxial testing machines
BS EN 10109 Metallic materials — Hardness test
EN 10109-1 Part 1:1996 Rockwell test (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K)
and Rockwell superficial test (scales 15N, 30N, 45N, 15T,
30T and 45T)
EN 10109-3 Part 3:1996 Calibration of standardized blocks to be used
for Rockwell hardness testing machines (scales A, B, C, D,
E, F, G, H, K, N, T)
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
ii © BSI 12-1998
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 10109-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 1994

ICS 77.040.10

Descriptors: Metallurgical products, hardness tests, Rockwell superficial hardness, test equipment, inspection

English version
Metallic materials — Hardness test —
Part 2: Verification of Rockwell hardness testing machines
(scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)

Matériaux metalliques — Essai de dureté — Metallische Werkstoffe — Härteprüfung —

Partie 2: Vérification des machines d’essai de Teil 2: Prüfung von Härteprüfmaschinen nach
dureté Rockwell Rockwell
(échelles A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (Skalen A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-10-19. CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
© 1994 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved in all
countries to CEN and its members. Ref. No. EN 10109-2:1994 E
EN 10109-2:1994

Foreword Contents
This European Standard has been prepared by the Page
Technical Committee ECISS/TC 1A, Mechanical Foreword 2
and physical tests, the secretariat of which is held 0 Introduction 3
by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of 1 Scope 3
a national standard, either by publication of an 2 Normative references 3
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by 3 General conditions 3
April 1995, and conflicting national standards shall 4 Direct verification 3
be withdrawn at the latest by April 1995.
5 Indirect verification 5
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the following countries are bound to 6 Intervals between verifications 7
implement this European Standard: Austria, 7 Verification report 7
Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Annex A (normative) Notes on diamond
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, indenters 8
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Annex B (normative) Repeatability of
Switzerland and United Kingdom. testing machines 9
Figure B.1 — Rockwell scales A, B, C, D,
E, F, G, H, K 9
Figure B.2 — Rockwell superficial scales
N and T 10
Table 1 5
Table 2 5
Table 3 6
Table 4 7
Table NA.1 — Allowable error in hardness
value for monitoring Rockwell and
superficial Rockwell hardness scales 11

2 © BSI 12-1998

0 Introduction
The standard EN 10109 applies to metallic
materials and comprises the following parts:
— Part 1: Metallic materials — Hardness test — ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Hardness test —
Part 1: Rockwell test (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, Vickers test — Part 1: HV5 to HV100.
K) and Rockwell superficial test
(scales 15N, 30N, 45N, 15T, 30T and 45T);
— Part 2: Metallic materials — Hardness test —
Part 2: Verification of Rockwell hardness testing verified,
machines (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T); — the itmachine shall be checked to ensure that:
— Part 3: Metallic materials — Hardness test —
Part 3: Calibration of standardized blocks to be
used for Rockwell hardness testing machines
(scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T);
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a method of
verification of testing machines for determining
Rockwell hardness (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K,
N, T) in accordance with EN 10109-1.
It describes a direct verification method for checking
the main functions of the machine and an indirect
verification method suitable for the overall checking
of the machine. The indirect verification method
may be used on its own for periodic routine checking
of the machine in service.
If a testing machine is also to be used for other
methods of hardness testing, it shall be verified
independently for each method.
The normative annex A gives some information
concerning diamond indenters. Annex B gives the
diagrams for the repeatability for the testing
machines.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or
undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited
at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references, the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 10002-3, Metallic materials — Tensile test —
Part 3: Calibration of proving devices used for the
verification of uniaxial testing machines.
EN 10109-1, Metallic materials — Hardness test —
Part 1: Rockwell test (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K)
and Rockwell superficial test
(scales 15N, 30N, 45N, 15T, 30T and 45T).
© BSI 12-1998
EN 10109-2:1994
EN 10109-3, Metallic materials — Hardness test —
Part 3: Calibration of standardized blocks to be used
for Rockwell hardness testing machines
(scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T).
3 General conditions
Before a Rockwell hardness testing machine is
is properly set up;
— the plunger holding the indenter is capable of
sliding in its guide, by its own weight, but without
any appreciable clearance;
— the indenter-holder is firmly mounted in the
plunger;
— the test force can be applied and removed
without shock or vibration and in such a manner
that the readings are not influenced;
— the readings are not affected either by
movements of the test piece or by deformation of
the frame. When a device is supplied which locks
the test piece against the upper part of the frame,
the locking force shall exceed the total test force.
The influence of deformations may be checked by
using a plain plunger instead of the indenter,
bearing directly against the anvil and using the
locking device when it is supplied. The readings
of the measuring device (with preliminary force
applied) before application and after removal of
the additional force shall not differ by more
than 1,5 Rockwell units (without locking
equipment) and 0,5 Rockwell unit (with locking
equipment).
4 Direct verification
Direct verification involves:
— verification of the test force;
— verification of the indenter;
— verification of the measuring device.
The instrument used for verification shall have a
certified traceability using the International System
of Units (SI).
4.1 Verification of the test force
The machine shall be designed in such a way that it
can be verified.
3
EN 10109-2:1994
4.1.1 The preliminary test force Fo (see 4.1.4 ) and
each total test force F used (see 4.1.5 ) shall be
measured, and, whenever applicable, this shall be
done at not less than three positions of the plunger
spaced throughout its range of movement during
testing. The preliminary test force shall be held for
at least 2 s.
4.1.2 The forces shall be measured by one of the
following two methods:
— measuring with a force proving device of
class 2 according to EN 10002-3;
or,
— balancing against a force, accurate to ± 0,2 %,
applied by means of standardized masses with
mechanical advantage.
4.1.3 Three readings shall be taken for each force at
each position of the plunger. Immediately before
each reading is taken, the plunger shall have been
moved in the same direction as during testing.
4.1.4 The tolerance on the preliminary test force Fo
(before application and after removal of the
additional test force F1 ) shall be ± 2,0 %.
4.1.5 The tolerance on the total test force F shall
be ± 1 %. Each individual value of F shall be within
this tolerance.
4.2 Verification of the indenters
4.2.1 Diamond cone indenter (scales A, C, D, N)
4.2.1.1 The surfaces of the diamond cone and
spherical tip shall be polished for a penetration
depth of 0,3 mm and shall blend in a truly
tangential manner. Both surfaces shall be free from
surface defects.
4.2.1.2 The verification of the shape of the indenter
can be made by direct measurement or by
measurement of its projection on a screen. The
verification shall be made at not less than four
equispaced sections.
4.2.1.3 The diamond cone shall have an included
angle of 120° ± 0,35°.
Deviations from straightness of the generatrix line
of the diamond cone, adjacent to the blend, shall not
exceed 0,001 mm over a minimum length
of 0,40 mm.
4.2.1.4 The angle between the axis of the diamond
cone and the axis of the indenter-holder (normal to
the seating surface) shall not exceed 0,5°.
4 © BSI 12-1998
4.2.1.5 The tip of the indenter is spherical. Its
radius is determined from single values, measured
in the axial section planes defined in 4.2.1.2 . This
can be done by an actual intersection which is laid
between two segments of concentric circles. The
distance between the concentric circles shall not be
more than 0,004 mm. The single value is the mean
value of the two radii of the concentric circles. Each
single value shall be within 0,200 mm ± 0,015 mm.
The mean value out of at least four single values
shall be within 0,200 mm ± 0,010 mm.
4.2.1.6 The hardness values given by the testing
machine do not depend only on the dimensions given
in 4.2.1.3 and 4.2.1.5 , but also on the surface
roughness and the position of the crystallographic
axes of the diamond, and the seating of the diamond
in its holder.
For this reason, an indirect verification of the
indenter is considered necessary. The performance
of the indenter in a standardizing machine, which
complies with clause 4 of EN 10109-3 shall be
compared with the performance of the machine’s
own standardizing indenter.
Tests shall be made on the four following blocks:
Hardness about Scale
20 HRC
55 HRD
43 HR45N
92 HR15N
For each block the mean hardness value of three
indentations made using the indenter to be verified
shall not differ from the mean hardness value of the
three indentations obtained with the standardizing
indenter by more than ± 0,8 unit. The indentations
with the indenter to be verified and with the
standardizing indenter should be carried out in such
a way that the indentations of both indenters are in
each case adjacent. The test shall be made in
accordance with EN 10109-1.
4.2.2 Steel ball indenter (scales B, E, F, G, H,
K, T)
4.2.2.1 For the purpose of verifying the size and the
hardness of the steel balls, it is considered sufficient
to test one sample selected at random from a batch.
The ball(s) verified for hardness shall be discarded.
4.2.2.2 The ball shall be polished and free from
surface defects.
4.2.2.3 The user shall either measure the balls to
ensure that they meet the following requirements,
or he shall obtain balls from a supplier who can
certify that the following conditions are met.
 EN 10109-2:1994

4.2.2.3.1 The diameter, when measured at no fewer 4.3 Verification of the measuring device
than three positions, shall not differ from the The depth-measuring device shall be verified over
nominal diameter by more than the tolerance given not less than three intervals, including the intervals
in Table 1. corresponding to the lowest and highest hardnesses
Table 1 for which the scales are normally used, by making
Dimensions in millimetres known incremental movements of the indenter in
the direction of increasing hardness values.
Rockwell Ball diameter Tolerance
hardness scale The instrument used to verify the depth-measuring
B 1,587 5 ± 0,003 5 device shall have an accuracy of 0,000 2 mm. The
depth-measuring device shall correctly indicate
F 1,587 5 ± 0,003 5 within ± 0,001 mm for the scales A to K and
G 1,587 5 ± 0,003 5 within ± 0,000 5 mm for the scales N and T,
i.e. within ± 0,5 of a scale unit, over each range.
T 1,587 5 ± 0,003 5
If it is not possible to verify directly the
E 3,175 ± 0,004 depth-measuring device, a modified indirect
H 3,175 ± 0,004 verification can be done by the hardness test with
standardized blocks with a standardizing indenter
K 3,175 ± 0,004 (see 5.1 ).
4.2.2.3.2 The hardness of the steel ball shall be not 5 Indirect verification
less than 850 HV 10, when determined in
accordance with ISO 6507-1, and applying the Indirect verification may be carried out by means of
appropriate correction for curvature as given in standardized blocks calibrated in accordance with
annex B of that standard (see Table 2). EN 10109-3.
Table 2 5.1 Procedure
Dimensions in millimetres 5.1.1 For the indirect verification of a testing
Ball diameter Maximum value of mean diagonal made machine, the following procedures shall be applied.
on the ball with a Vickers indenter The testing machine shall be verified for each scale
at 98,07 N (HV 10)
for which it is normally used. For each scale to be
3,175 0,144 verified, standardized blocks from the three of the
1,587 5 0,141 hardness ranges given in Table 3 shall be used. The
hardness values of the blocks shall approximate to
the limits of intended use.

© BSI 12-1998 5
EN 10109-2:1994

Table 3 5.1.2 For purposes of routine checking, a hardness

Rockwell Hardness range of standardized block testing machine may be checked at one hardness
hardness value only, corresponding approximately to that of
scale the tests to be made.
A 20 to 40 HRA 5.1.3 On each standardized block, five indentations
45 to 75 HRA shall be made and each hardness number observed
80 to 88 HRA to within 0,2 of a scale unit. Before making these
B 20 to 50 HRB indentations, at least two preliminary indentations
60 to 80 HRB shall be made to ensure that the machine is working
freely and that the standardized block, the indenter
85 to 100 HRB and the anvil are seating correctly. The results of
C 20 to 30 HRC these preliminary indentations shall be ignored.
35 to 55 HRC The test shall be made in accordance with
60 to 70 HRC EN 10109-1.
D 40 to 47 HRD 5.2 Repeatability
55 to 63 HRD 5.2.1 For each standardized block, let H1 , H2 ... H5
70 to 77 HRD be the values of the measured hardness arranged in
E 70 to 78 HRE increasing order of magnitude.
84 to 90 HRE The repeatability of the testing machine under the
particular verification conditions is determined by
93 to 100 HRE the following quantity:
F 60 to 75 HRF H5 – H1
80 to 90 HRF
94 to 100 HRF
5.2.2 The repeatability of the testing machine being
verified is not considered satisfactory unless the
G 30 to 50 HRG repeatability at each hardness at which the machine
55 to 75 HRG is verified is:
80 to 94 HRG — for the scale A, less than 0,03 (100 – H )
H 80 to 94 HRH — for the scale B, less than 0,06 (130 – H )
96 to 100 HRH — for the scale C, less than 0,03 (100 – H )
K 40 to 60 HRK — for the scale D, less than 0,03 (100 – H )
65 to 80 HRK — for the scale E, less than 0,06 (130 – H )
85 to 100 HRK — for the scale F, less than 0,06 (130 – H )
15N 70 to 77 HR15N — for the scale G, less than 0,06 (130 – H )
78 to 88 HR15N — for the scale H, less than 0,06 (130 – H )
89 to 91 HR15N — for the scale K, less than 0,06 (130 – H )
30N 42 to 54 HR30N — for the scale N, less than 0,04 (100 – H ) or 1,2
55 to 73 HR30N Rockwell units, whichever is the greater
74 to 80 HR30N — for the scale T, less than 0,06 (100 – H ) or 2,4
45N 20 to 31 HR45N Rockwell units, whichever is the greater
32 to 61 HR45N where
63 to 70 HR45N H +H +H +H +H
15T 73 to 80 HR15T H = 1 2 53 4 5
81 to 87 HR15T
88 to 93 HR15T
30T 43 to 56 HR30T
57 to 69 HR30T
70 to 82 HR30T
45T 12 to 33 HR45T
34 to 54 HR45T
55 to 72 HR45T

6 © BSI 12-1998
 EN 10109-2:1994

5.3 Error 6 Intervals between verifications

5.3.1 The error of the testing machine under the 6.1 Direct verification
particular verification conditions is expressed by the
following quantity: The direct verification shall be carried out:
H– H a) when the machine is installed or after its
dismantling or removal;
where b) when the result of the indirect verification is
H + H + ... + H5 not satisfactory;
H = 1 25 c) at least every 12 months in the case where a)
H1 , H2, ..., H5 being the hardness values and b) do not apply.
corresponding to the five indentations, Each direct verification shall be followed by an
H being the specified hardness of the standardized indirect verification.
block used. 6.2 Indirect verification
5.3.2 The maximum error of the testing machine The period between two indirect verifications
shall not exceed the values given in Table 4. depends on the maintenance standard and number
Table 4 of times the machine is used. Under normal
conditions it is recommended that indirect
Rockwell Hardness range of the Maximum verification be carried out at intervals not
hardness scale standardized block permissible exceeding 12 months.
error
Rockwell units
A 20 to ≤ 75 HRA ± 2 HRA 7 Verification report
> 75 to ≤ 88 HRA ± 1,5 HRA The verification report shall include the following
information:
B 20 to ≤ 45 HRB ± 4 HRB
a) reference to this European Standard;
> 45 to ≤ 80 HRB ± 3 HRB b) method of verification (direct or indirect);
> 80 to ≤ 100 HRB ± 2 HRB c) identification data of the hardness testing
C 20 to ≤ 70 HRC ± 1,5 HRC machine;
D 40 to ≤ 70 HRD ± 2 HRD d) means of verification (test blocks, elastic
> 70 to ≤ 77 HRD ± 1,5 HRD proving devices, etc.);
e) Rockwell hardness scale(s) verified;
E 70 to ≤ 90 HRE ± 2,5 HRE
f) result obtained;
> 90 to ≤ 100 HRE ± 2 HRE g) date of verification and reference to the testing
F 60 to ≤ 90 HRF ± 3 HRF institution.
> 90 to ≤ 100 HRF ± 2 HRF
G 30 to ≤ 50 HRG ± 6 HRG
> 50 to ≤ 75 HRG ± 4,5 HRG
> 75 to ≤ 94 HRG ± 3 HRG
H 80 to ≤ 100 HRH ± 2 HRH
K 40 to ≤ 60 HRK ± 4 HRK
> 60 to ≤ 80 HRK ± 3 HRK
> 80 to ≤ 1 00 HRK ± 2 HRK
N — ± 2 HRN
T — ± 3 HRT

© BSI 12-1998 7
EN 10109-2:1994

Annex A (normative)
Notes on diamond indenters
Experience has shown that a number of initially
satisfactory indenters can become defective after
use for a comparatively short time. This is due to
small cracks, pits or other flaws in the surface. If
such faults are detected in time, many indenters
may be reclaimed by regrinding. If not, any small
defects on the surface rapidly worsen and make the
indenter useless.
Therefore,
— the condition of indenters shall be checked
initially and at frequent intervals using
appropriate optical devices (microscope,
magnifying glass, etc.);
— the verification of the indenter is no longer
valid when the indenter shows defects;
— reground or otherwise repaired indenters shall
be reverified.

8 © BSI 12-1998
 EN 10109-2:1994

Annex B (normative)
Repeatability of testing machines

Figure B.1 — Rockwell scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K

© BSI 12-1998 9
EN 10109-2:1994

Figure B.2 — Rockwell superficial scales N and T

10 © BSI 12-1998
 BS EN 10109-2:1996

National annex NA (informative)

Non-conflicting national additions
NA.1 Monitoring the accuracy of the testing machine
NA.1.1 It should be noted that this national annex is not part of the European Standard, but considerable
importance is attached by the UK committee to routine monitoring and maintenance of machines’
performance between verifications. It is felt that this procedure should be recommended as good industrial
practice, as it gives a level of assurance to hardness measurements without imposing onerous obligations
on the users of hardness testing machines.
NA.1.2 The procedure for monitoring the accuracy of a Rockwell hardness testing machine involves making
regular tests on a calibrated hardness test block and recording the results for assessment.
a) The monitoring tests should be carried out in accordance with clause 7 of EN 10109-1, using hardness
test blocks calibrated in accordance with EN 10109-3.
b) The hardness testing machine should be in its usual condition and the indenter normally used should
be the one fitted in the machine.
c) Whenever possible a test block should be provided of a similar hardness and subsequently calibrated
in the same Rockwell scale as that being used by the testing machine. Tests should be repeated at
regular intervals. A single hardness test should be made on the block on each day that the machine is to
be used, and the results should be recorded. When such test results fail to meet the provisions of
NA.1.2 d, a second test should be made and the results of both tests should be recorded.
NOTE 1 The results of at least two preliminary indentations should be ignored; such indentations may be made in uncalibrated
blocks.
NOTE 2 For multi-scale operation, the procedure should be repeated for each additional scale to be used. The intervals between
the test on these additional scales may be extended at the discretion of the testing machine user.
d) An assessment of the accuracy of the machine should be made from the recorded monitoring values
over a period, and the machine should be deemed satisfactory if an individual hardness value is
reproducible within the values given in Table NA.1 below, from the assigned value of the block. Two
consecutive unsatisfactory results indicate a need to investigate the reason and resolve the problem
before further hardness measurements are made.
Table NA.1 — Allowable error in hardness value for monitoring Rockwell
and superficial Rockwell hardness scales
HRN ± 2 scale units
HRT ± 4 scale units
HRA < 65 ± 2 scale units
HRA ≥ 65 ± 1,5 scale units
HRB < 60 ± 3 scale units
HRB ≥ 60 ± 2 scale units
HRC < 60 ± 2 scale units
HRC ≥ 60 ± 1,5 scale units

© BSI 12-1998
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