Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Phan 5
Phan 5
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www.ptc.fayat.com/1-2-11-78/Vibrolance.htm
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70 – 110cm
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Dynamic replacement
Merits:
•flexible choice of granular backfill (sand Æ
rock pieces of 300mm).
•larger diameter at the top decreasing with
depth (ideal for load distribution)
•fast production (10,000m2 per rig-mth)
Limitations:
•surface vibration may affect sensitive
structures less than 20m away.
• stable
t bl platform
l tf ((min.
i 11m above
b GWT)
Application:
For large sites with shallow depth of
improvement (< 6m).
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CHARACTERISTICS OF DR COLUMN
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DR COLUMNS – AGGREGATE
BACKFILL
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MERITS OF DR
• The merits of stone columns are equally applicable to DR columns:
• DR has flexibility with backfill materials (sand, aggregate, rock
pieces).
i )
• DR has larger diameter and hence, a higher bearing load
(approx. 80 tons per column).
• DR column has better load distribution at the surface due to its
“inverted” conical shape.
• DR can be used in landfill, collapsible fill and non-engineered fill
in combination with DC.
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LIMITATIONS OF DR
• Organic soils if present in more than 1 column diameter thick
(> ~ 2m) are not suitable for DR sand column – aggregate
columns
l with
ith higher
hi h compaction
ti energy may bbe usedd instead
i t d
but limit to shallow depth < 6m.
• Surface vibration may cause damage to sensitive structures
within close distance; need to monitor PPV during pounding.
• Need minimum area (> 10 10,000
000 m2) in order to be cost
cost-effective
effective
due to mobilization of heavier base crane.
• DR columns are rather short columns; generally less than 6m.
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Sabkah N=1‐2
SM‐ML
Loose
SM
M dense
SM
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Applications
Examples
After
Kitazume
(2005)
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Types of Installation
Pipe
Φ = 30 cm
SCP
Φ = 40 – 50 cm
Pipe
Φ = 40-50 cm
SCP
Φ = 50 – 70 cm
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Installation Patterns
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P = Pa + Pc = [asqs + (1 – as)qc] A
The capacity of the clay qc and the capacity of the SCP qs are
estimated separately using Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory:
Clay: qc = cuNc/Fs
Sand: qs = 0.5BγsNγ/Fs
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Stability - Overall
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S = βS0
β = 1/[1 + (n – 1) as]
S0 = [Δe/(1 + e0)]H
= HCclog (σ2/σ1) or
S0 = mvσ H
Cc: compression index
mv: compression modulus
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Grout
fl
flow
Soft soil
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9
• Merits:
• Combined effect of densification and reinforcement to create a
composite soil-column mass.
• Flexible choice of grout strength to achieve a pre-determined
stiffness ratio with the surrounding soil.
• Miminimum spoil and no vibration – urban technology.
• Fast production (15,000m per rig-mth)
• Limitations:
Li it ti
• Delay caused by delivery of grout inside city.
• Relatively competent substrata to found columns.
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Peat
CMC displacement aurger CMC bottom Stone columns top TSM drilling tool
The lower part of the column is performed by controlled
modulus columns (CMC) and the upper part by stone columns.
Liu et al. (03, 07)
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0.3 0.5 m
m
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12cm
R
径
半
的
圆
包
外
弧度
模板
90°
中隔板
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Embankment Piles
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Embankment Piles
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Weathered Crust
P1
x Ls/2 = Le/4 MEDIUM STIFF CLAY
Lc= Le/2
C7 Microbial method
(van der Ruyt & van der Zon 09) Chu et al. (2008)
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GI TECHNIQUES
soft clay loose sand
REINFORCEMENT methods
CONSOLIDATION COMPACTION
methods Semi-Rigid Inclusions Non-Rigid Inclusions methods
(cement grout etc.) (sand, stone, etc.)
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