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 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Single Type
1. Water from a tap emerges vertically downwards with an
initial speed of 1.0 m/s. The cross-sectional area of tap is 10–
4
m2. Assume that the pressure is constant throughout and
that the flow is steady, the cross-sectional area of stream 0.15
m below the tap is:
(A) 4.0 × 10–4 m2 (B) 3.0 × 10–4 m2
(C) 5.0 × 10–5 m2 (D) 8.0 × 10–5 m2
Ans: (C)
From conservation of energy
v = v + 2gh
2
2
2
1 … (1)
[can also be found by applying Bernoulli’s theorem between
1 and 2]
From continuity equation
A1 v1 = A2 v2
v2 =  AA  v1
1
… (2)
 2 

Substituting value of v2 from Eq. (2) in Eq. (1)

2 2 2
A A v
A
1
2
. v = v + 2gh or
2
1
2
1 A =
v  2gh
2
2 2
1 1

2 1

A2 = A 1 v1
v12  2gh

1
 v1

A1

A2
v2

Substituting the given values

4 2
A2 = (10 m ) (1.0 m / s)
(1.0 m / s) 2  2(10)(0.15)

A2 = 5.0 × 10–5 m2

2. A uniform rod of length 2.0 m specific gravity 0.5 and mass

2 kg is hinged a tone end to the bottom of a tank of water
(specific gravity = 1.0) filled up to a height of 1.0 m as shown
in figure. Taking the case 0º the force exerted by the
hinge on the rod is : (g = 10 m/s2) –

 1.0 m

(A) 11.2 N upwards (B) 8.3 N downwards

(C) 4.3 N downwards (D) 7.2 N upwards
Ans: (B)
Length of rod inside the water = 1.0 sec = sec

2
 F

 1.0 m
W
O

Upthrust F = 2
  (sec )  1 
  (1000) (10)
2  500 

or F = 20 sec
Weight of rod W = 2 × 10 = 20 N
For rotational equilibrium of rod net torque about O should
be zero.
 F  secθ  (sin ) = W = (1.0 sin )

2 

or 20
2
sec2 = 20
or  = 45º
 F = 20 sec 45º= 20 2 N

3. A cylindrical vessel contains a liquid of density upto a

height h. The liquid is closed by a piston of mass m and area
of cross-section A. There is a small hole at the bottom of the
vessel. The speed v with which the liquid comes out of the
hole is –

m, A



 mg  mg
(A) 2 gh   (B) 2gh 
 A  A

3
  mg 
(C) 2gh (D) 2 gh  
A 


Ans: (D)
Applying Bernoulli’s theorem at 1 and 2 : difference in
pressure energy between 1 and 2 = difference in kinetic
energy between 1 and 2

1 2 v

or gh + mg
A
= 1
2
v2
2mg  mg 
or v = 2gh 
A
= 2 gh 


A 


4. A U-tube of base length '' filled with same volume of two

liquids of densities and 2 is moving with an acceleration
'a' on the horizontal plane. If the height difference between
the two surfaces (open to atmosphere) becomes zero, then
the height h is given by -

h a


a 3a
(A) 2g
 (B) 2g


a 2a
(C) g
 (D) 3g


4
Ans: (B)
For the given situation, liquid of density 2should be behind
that of  from right limb:

C  A
2 B

PA = Patm + gh
Pa = PA + a 2 = Patm + gh + a 2
PC = Pa + (2) a 2 = Patm + gh + 3
2
a
…(1)
But from left limb :
PC = Patm + (2) gh …(2)
from (1) and (2)
Patm + gh + 32 a = Patm + 2gh
h= 3a
2g


5. Calculate the velocity with which the liquid gushes out of

the 4 cm2 outlet, if the liquid flowing in the tube is water and
liquid in U tube has a specific gravity 12. Velocity of liquid
at point A is 20.2 m/s -

5
 A1 = 4cm2
v = (20.2) m / s A3 = 6cm2

A B A2 = 1cm2
2 cm
8m/s
2 cm

 = 12000 kg/m3

(A) 2.5 m/s (B) 5.5 m/s

(C) 8 m/s (D) 10 m/s
Ans: (B)
PA + 12 v  P 2
A B
1
 v 2B
2
1
PA  PB  ( v 2B  v 2A )
2
1
0.02 × 12000 × 10 = 2
× 1000 ( v 2B  20.2)

4.8 = v – 20.2  vB = 5m/s

2
B

A3.vB = A1v1 + A2v2

 30 = 4v1 + 8
 4v1 = 22  v1 = 224 = 5.5 m/s

6. A wire of length '2m' is clamped horizontally between two

fixed support. A mass m = 5 kg is hanged from middle of
wire. The vertical depression in wire in equilibrium is
(young modulus of wire = 2.4 × 109 N/m2, cross-sectional
area = 1 cm2) -
(A) 4.68 cm (B) 1.52 cm
(C) 1.12 cm (D) 0.58 cm
Ans: (A)

6
 2a

x

T T

mg

2T sin  = mg
 2. YAa  x sin . sin  = mg
 

 2YA x. x2
= mg
a a2
1/ 3

x = 
 a mg 

3
 

 2 YA 

1/ 3
 
 


1 m  5 kg  10 m / s 2 
–4 2 
= 4.68 cm
 2  (2.4  10 N / m )  10 m 
9 2


7. The adjacent graph shows the extension (l) of a wire of

length m suspended from the top of a roof at one end and
with a load W connected to the other end. If the cross-
sectional area of the wire is 10–6 m2, calculate the Young’s
modulus of the material of the wire –
(× 10–4 m)

4
3

W(N)
20 40 60 80

(A) 2 × 1011 N/m2 (B) 2 × 10–11 N/m2

(C) 3 × 1012 N/m2 (D) 2 × 1013 N/m2
7
Ans: (A)
 =  YA  .W
 

i.e., graph is a straight line passing through origin

(as shown in question also), the slope of which is YA .
 Slope =   
 
 YA 

Y= 
 
 1 
 
A  slope 
 1.0  (80 – 20)
=   = 2.0 × 1011 N/m2.
 10 – 6  ( 4 – 1)  10 – 4

8. Two wires of equal length and cross-section are suspended

as shown. Their Young’s modulii are Y1 and Y2 respectively.
The equivalent Young’s modulus will be –

Y1  Y2
(A) Y1 + Y2 (B) 2
Y1Y2
(C) Y1  Y2
(D) Y1Y2

Ans: (B)

l, A l, A l, 2A
Y1 Y2 Y

Equivalent spring constant of a wire is given by

K = YAl
Keq = K1 + K2
8
 Y( 2A ) Y1A Y2 A
or l
= l
+ l
Y1  Y2
or Y = 2

9. Two wires are made of the same material and have the same
volume. However wire 1 has cross-sectional area A and wire
2 has cross-sectional area 3A. if the length of wire 1
increases by x on applying force F, how much force is
needed to stretch wire 2 by the same amount ?
(A) F (B) 4 F
(C) 6 F (D) 9 F
Ans: (D)
 x =
F.L
A.Y

 F= Y.A.x
L
………..(1)
Volume = A.L. = A'L' = constant
 AL = 3AL'
 L' = L/3 ……… (2)
From equation (1)
F' A' L
F
= .
A L'

=3×3
 F' = 9F
So, option (D) is correct.

10. If two wires of same length  and area of cross section A

with Young modulus Y and 2Y connect in series and one end
is fixed on roof and other end with mass m. Make simple
harmonic motion, then the time period is -
9
 m m
(A) 2
YA
(B) 2
3YA
3m m
(C) 2
2YA
(D) 2
2YA

Ans: (C)
The force constant of wires are
A

Y

 A
2Y

YA 2YA
k1 = 
, k2 = 
k 1k 2 2  YA 
In series k = k1  k 2
= 
3  


3m
T= 2
2YA

Multiple Correct Type

11. A small body of density  is dropped from rest at a height h
into a lake of density , where  > . Which of the following
statement or statements is or are correct if all dissipative
effects are neglected?
(A) the speed of the body just entering the lake is 2gh.
(B) the body in the lake experiences upward acceleration
equal to {(/) – 1} g.
(C) the maximum depth to which the body sinks in the lake
is h/( – ).
(D) the body does not come back to the surface of the lake.
Ans: (B, C)
By principle of conservation of energy, we get
10
 1
mgh    mv 2
2

or v  2gh

Since,  > , the buoyant force of the lake is greater than the
weight of the body.
If a is the upward acceleration, then
ma =  gV –  gV
or (V) a = gV –  gV
Cancelling V on both sides, we get
  '  
a  g   g  g
 '   ' 
To find the maximum depth, we get
v2  v02  2ay

where v0 is the velocity at y = 0, v = 0 is the velocity at

maximum depth and y is the negative displacement from the
surface to the maximum depth. With these, we get
v02  2ay

Hence
v02 2gh h '
Depth  y    .
2a 2g (   ')    '
'

12. A block of weight 10 N is attached to one end of a wire of

cross-sectional area 30 mm2 and is rotated in a vertical circle
of radius 20 cm. The speed of the block at the bottom of the
circle is 2 m/s–1 (Y = 2 × 1011 Nm–2)

11
 (A) the elongation of the wire when the block is at the bottom
of the circle is 10–3 cm
(B) the elongation of the wire when the block is at the top of
the circle is 10–2 cm
(C) tension in the wire at lowest position is 30 N
(D) tension in the wire is 20 N
Ans: (A, C)
T  W  mv 2 / r
or T  W  mv 2 / r

1 kg   2ms 1 
2

 10N   30N
0.2m

we have Y  T / A
/L
TL
or 
AY
30N   20cm 

 3 10 6
m 2    2 1011 Nm 2 

 5 105  20cm  103 cm

13. A tank is filled upto a height h with a liquid and is placed on

a platform of height h from the ground. To get maximum
range xm a small hole is punched at a distance of y from the
free surface of the liquid. Then:

12
 h y

xm

(A) xm = 2h (B) xm = 1.5 h

(C) y = h (D) y = 0.75 h
Ans: (A, C)
This is similar to the case as if a tank is filled with a liquid
upto a height of 2h.

h y=h
 2h

xm = 2h

In that case range becomes maximum when hole in punched

at the centre and the maximum range is equal to the level of
liquid in the tank.

14. A circular cylinder of radius R and height H is filled with

water to a height 2 H. It starts rotating about its axis with
3
constantly increasing angular speed. Choose the correct
alternatives.

H 2H
3

13
 (A) at all speeds, shape of the free surface is parabolloid.
(B) the free surface touches first the brim of cylinder and
then the base of the cylinder.
(C) the free surface cannot touch the base without spilling
water.
(D) the free surface touches the brim as well as base at the
same instant.
Ans: (A, B, C)
2 r 2
The equation of the free surface is y  y0
2g


H/3
y
H/3
H/2
y0 H/3
r
(B) (C)
(A)

When the free surface touches the brim of the cylinder, the
lowest point of the paraboloid is at a height H above the
3
base, as shown in figure (B)
When lowest point of the free surface touches the base of the
cylinder, the height of water in the tank must be H . It means
2
that the water must spill out.

15. A metal rod is fixed in horizontal position and a force of

magnitude F is applied as shown. If RA = force by wall A
and RB = force by wall B, then -
A L/3 2L/3 B

14
 (A)RA = F/2 (B) RB = 3F/2
(C)RA = 2F/3 (D) RB = F/3
Ans: (C, D)
RA + RB = f
RA RB
F

and elongation in both parts must be same

R B (2L / 3) R A (L / 3)

AY AY

or 2BB = RA

16. Water is being poured in a vessel at a constant rate  m3/s.

There is a small hole of area a at the bottom of the tank. The
maximum level of water in the vessel is proportional to :
(A) (B) 2
(C) a–1 (D) a–2
Ans: (B, D)
Level of water in the vessel will be maximum when rate of
inflow of water = rate of outflow of water.
or  = av

m3

s

or  = a 2gh

or h = 2g a
2

15
 i.e., h 2 and h  a–2

17. A tube is filled with a liquid as shown in figure. Then –

b 4b b
A A

B

(A) Liquid will spill out left tube if the tube is accelerated
towards right horizontal direction with a > g/2
(B) Liquid will spill out right tube if tube is rotated about
left arm with angular velocity W > 4gb
(C) Liquid will not spill out the tube if it is rotated about
axis AAno matter what angular
speed is
(D) Liquid will spill out the tube if it is rotated about axis
BBwith angular velocity
 > 2gb
Ans: (A, B, C)
Figure ‘1’ shows condition of just spilling out of liquid,
when tube is accelerated horizontally.

16
 b
Initial level
b


4b
Figure 1

tan = 2b
4b
= 12
Also, tan  = a
g
[a = acceleration of U tube]
 a = g/2
Figure 2 Shows condition of just spilling out of water its
rotated about left arm.
y

b Initial level b y  2 2
x
b 2g
x

Figure 2

At x = 4b
y = 2b
2
Putting value in y = 2g
.x2
2
2b = 2g
.(4b)2
 = g
4b

18. Density of water is w and density of mercury Hg. The valve

is opened. Then which of the following is/are true-

17
 1m water mercury
valve

 Hg   W
(A)Height of level of mercury in the left container is 2 Hg
( Hg   W )g
(B)Pressure at the bottom of left container is 2
(Hg  W )
(C)Height of level of mercury in right container is 2Hg
( Hg   W )g
(D) Pressure at the bottom of right container is 2

Ans: (A, B, C)
(A) Hg > W
W

H m H =1
m
A B

PA = PB
 w g hw + Hg g H = Hg g(1 – H)
  H =  2–  Hg w

Hg

(B) PA = PB = Hgg (1 – H)
= Hg g 1 –  2–   = g
Hg w ( Hg   w )
 Hg  2
 Hg –  w  Hg   w
(C) 1 – H = 1 – 2 Hg
= 2 Hg

19. A liquid of density  filled in the vessel as shown is rotated

with constant angular velocity '' about the axis passing
through the middle. The radius of cylinder is R. Then –

18
 R

H
3H/4

O A

(A)The minimum value of '' for which the liquid comes out
is gH
R 2
.
(B) The value of '' for which the base of container is just
exposed is 2RgH .
2

(C)Volume of liquid remaining in the container in case (B)

is R2 H .
2

(D) Gauge pressure at point A in the container in case (B) is

gH .
Ans: (A, B, C, D)
(A) as Hmax. = H0 + 4Rg
2 2

 Hmax. = H, H0 = 3H
4
2 r 2
(B) as H = Hmin. + 2g

 Hmin. = 0, H = H, r = R
(C) volume remaining =  0 2 H  R2

20. A stick is tied to the floor of the water tank with a string as
shown in the figure. The length of stick is 2m. Area of cross-
section of stick is 10–3 m2. Specific gravity of stick is 0.25.
Take g = 10m/s2. Then –

19
 Water

(A) Tension in the string is 5N

(B) Buoyancy force acting on stick is 10 N
(C) Length of stick immersed in water is 1m
(D) When string is cut initial acceleration of stick is 10m/s2
Ans: (A, B, C, D)
As T + mg = FB ...(1)
Taking torque FB × x2 cos = mg 2 cos 
 FB x = mg
Now, FB = (Ax) wg and mg = (A sg

Numeric Type
21. Two soap bubbles A and B are kept in a closed chamber
where the air is maintained at pressure 8 N/m2. The radii of
bubbles A and B are 2 cm and 4 cm, respectively. Surface
tension of the soap-water used to make bubbles is 0.04 N/m.
Find the ratio nB/nA, where nA and nB are the number of
moles of air in bubbles A and B, respectively. [Neglect the
effect of gravity].
Ans: (6)
Then P  P  4Sr
0

P Po

20
 4
Now P  r 3  nR g T
3
 4S 4
  P0   r 3  nR g T
 r 3

For two bubbles

 4S  3
 P0  r  rA n
A
 A
 
4S 3 n B
 P0  r  rB
B

 4  0.004 
 8  2 
(2  102 )3
2  10  n n
 A  B 6
 4  0.04  nB nA
 8  2 
(4  102 )3
4  10 

22. A uniform rod of length 2.0 m specific gravity 0.5 and mass
2 kg is hinged at one end to the bottom of a tank of water
(specific gravity = 1.0) filled upto a height of 1.0 m as shown
in figure. Taking the case   0 , if   90
n
degree then find the
value of n (g = 10 m/s2)

Ans: (2)
1
A 0.5g
cos

Fy

Hinge 2g

Taking torques about the hinge, we get

 1  1 sin 
A  0.5g  2g 1sin 
 cos   2 2 cos 

21
 2
and A
0.5  2
 = 45º.

23. Suppose that 64 raindrops combine into a single drop.

Calculate the ratio of the total surface energy of the 64 drops
to that of a single drop.
Where T = 0.072 N/m
Ans: (4)
4 3 4 4
R  64   r 3    4r 
3

3 3 3

 R  4r
S1  64  4r 2  T and S2  4R 2 T

64  4r 2  T
2
S r  64
 1   64     4.
S2 4R  T
2
 R  16

24. A cylindrical vessel of height 500 mm has an orifice (small

hole at its bottom). The orifice is initially closed and water
is filled in it up to height H. Now the top is completely sealed
with a cap and the orifice at the bottom is opened. Some
water comes out from the orifice and the water level in the
vessel become steady with height of water column being 200
mm. Find the fall in height (in mm) of water level due to
opening of the orifice. [Take atmospheric pressure = 1.0 ×
105 N/m2 density of water = 1000 kg/m3 and g = 10 m/s2.
Neglect any effect of surface tension.
Ans: (6)
P1V1  P2 V2

22
 P0, V1
H 200

P0  A (0.5  H)  (P0  g  0.2)A  0.3

 105 (0.5  H)  (105  2  103 )  0.3

 100(0.5  H)  (100  2)  0.3

29.4
0.5  H 
100
 H = 0.5 – .294  H = 0.206
 H = 206 mm. So fall in height = 6mm.

25. Water is filled in a uniform container of area of cross section

A. A hole of cross section area a (<< A) is made in the
container at a height of 20 m above the base. Water streams
out and hits a small block placed at some distance from
container. With what speed (in ms-1) the block should be
moved such that water streams always hits the block. (Given
a

1
). (Take g = 10 ms–2)
A 20
A

a
200m

Ans: (1)
A

y
a V
h
x

Velocity of efflux v  2gy

2h
Range x  2gy 
g

23
  dx 
The velocity of the block must be  .
 dt 
dx 2h 1 dy
 Vb    2g 
dt g 2 y dt
h dy
Vb  . …(i)
y dt

Using equation of continuity

Ady
 a 2gy …(ii)
dt
Equation (i) and (ii)
h a
Vb   2gy
y A

Vb  2gh 
a
 20 
1
1 ms–1.
A 20

26. A large tank is filled with water (density = 103kg/m3). A small

hole is made at a depth 10 m below water surface. The range
of water issuing out of the hole is R on ground. What extra
pressure (in atm) must be applied on the water surface so that
the range becomes 2R : (take 1 atm = 105 Pa and g = 10 m/s2)
10m

Ans: (3)
Range will become twice of velocity of efflux becomes
twice. Now as,
v = 2gh
Therefore, h should become 4 times or 40 m

24
 Thus, an extra pressure equivalent to 30 m of water should
be applied.
1 atm = 0.76 × 13.6 m of water
= 10.336 m of water
30 m of water  3.0 atm

27. A wire of length ‘2m’ is clamped horizontally between two

fixed support. A mass m = 5kg is hanged from middle of
wire. The vertical and depression in wire (in cm) in
equilibrium is (Young modulus of wire = 2.4 × 109 N/m2,
cross-sectional area = 1 cm2)
Ans: (5)
At equilibrium
2T sin = mg
 2.  YA 
 x sin. sin = mg
 2a 

 YAa x. x2
= mg
a2
1 1
 a 3 mg  3   3
 x = 
 YA 
 = 
1m  5kg 10 m / s 2
–4 2 
 (2.4 10 N / m ) 10 m 
9 2
= 5 cm

28. In determination of young modulus of elasticity of wire, a

force is applied and extension is recorded. Initial length of
wire is '1m'. The curve between extension and stress is
depicted then young modulus of wire will be K × 109 N/m2,
where K is

25
 4mm
Ext.
2mm

4000 8000
Stress

Ans: (2)
 = F
y
 

F/ A y

4000 103
y 3
= 2 × 109 N/m2
2 10

29. An open rectangular tank 5 m × 4 m × 3 m high containing

water upto a height of 2 m is acceleration horizontally along
the longer side. Determine the maximum acceleration that
can be given without spilling the water.
rear a0 front
3m
water
2m

5m
Ans: (4)
volume of water inside the tank remains constant
 3 y 
 5  4  5  2  4 or y  1m
0
 0
 2 
3 1 a
 tan 0   0.4 ; tan 0  0
5 g
a0
since, tan 0  , therefore a 0  0.4g  4m / s2
g

26
 3m
a0
yo 2m
5m

30. An ideal fluid is flowing in two pipes of same cross-sectional

pipes area. Both the pipes are connected with two vertical
tubes, of length h1 and h2 as shown in figure. The flow is
stream line in both pipes. If velocity of fluid at A, B, and C
are 2 m/s, 4 m/s and 4m/s respectively, the velocity of fluid at
D (in m/s) is -
 C 
vA vC
A 


 h1 h2
vB

B
 
D vD

(2)
Equation of continuity  vA + vB = vC + vD
 vD = 2m/s

27
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