Accepted Manuscript

Hydrothermal analysis of MHD nanofluid (TiO2-GO) flow between two radiative

stretchable rotating disks using AGM

M.R. Zangooee, Kh Hosseinzadeh, D.D. Ganji

PII: S2214-157X(19)30094-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2019.100460
Article Number: 100460
Reference: CSITE 100460

To appear in: Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Received Date: 20 March 2019

Revised Date: 1 May 2019
Accepted Date: 4 May 2019

Please cite this article as: M.R. Zangooee, K. Hosseinzadeh, D.D. Ganji, Hydrothermal analysis of MHD
nanofluid (TiO2-GO) flow between two radiative stretchable rotating disks using AGM, Case Studies in
Thermal Engineering (2019), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2019.100460.

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 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Hydrothermal analysis of MHD nanofluid (TiO2-GO) flow between two radiative
stretchable rotating disks using AGM

M.R. Zangooee1* , Kh. Hosseinzadeh2* , D.D. Ganji2*

1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Payame noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran.
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noushirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.

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*
Corresponding authors, E-mail: mrzangooee@gmail.com, khashayar_h68@yahoo.com, mirgang@nit.ac.ir.

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ABSTRACT

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Nanofluid flow between two stretchable and rotating disks with homogeneous and
heterogeneous reactions and Joule heating is investigated in existence of magnetic field.
Thermal radiation effect has been considered in energy equation. AGM Method is selected

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for solving ODEs. The effects of stretching parameters and Reynolds number on the
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concentration, temperature, axial, radial and tangential velocities are studied. The results
showed that with increment of the values of stretching rate of lower disk, the radial and
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axial velocities enhances near the lower disk. Also the concentration and temperature is
increasing behavior with stretching rate of lower disk. The impact of the increase of value
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of stretching rate of upper disk is opposite of the lower disk on the axial, radial and
tangential velocities. The influence of Reynolds number on concentration, temperature and
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velocities are studied. It is shown that concentration is a decreasing function of Re while

temperature is an increasing one. Also it is described that Nusselt number enhances with
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stretching parameter and Reynolds number at upper disk while it is decreased at lower one.
Keywords: nanofluid; magnetohydrodynamic (MHD); thermal radiation; stretching
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rotating disk; Akbari-Ganji Method (AGM)

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INTRODUCTION

The suspension of solid nanometer sized particles(1-100nm diameters) in the

engineered colloidal liquids is named nanofluid. Since solid typically has higher thermal
conductivity than fluids, nanoparticles can develop rate of heat transfer fluids with
substantial augmentation of thermal conductivities [1,2].Two decades ago, for the first
time, Choi proposed the nanoparticle disperse in a base fluid for engineering

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application[3]. Hosseinzadeh et al. [4] was studied nanofluid flow over a porous stretching
sheet in presence of heat and convective boundary condition. They found that increasing
the value of volume fraction and homogenous variable, causes the increase of skin friction.
Malvandi and Ganji studied the mixed convective heat transfer of nanofluid
(water/alumina) inside a vertical microchannel. They presented that with increase of mean
volume fraction of nanoparticles, slip parameter and mixed convective parameters increase
heat transfer rate[5].

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Ellahi studied the flow of MHD non-Newtonian fluid in a pipe. He concluded that
flow motion decreases with MHD parameter[6]. Sheremet et al. studied MHD free

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convection of a nanofluid . Their case included investigation in an inclined enclosure[7].
The effect of magnetic field on Eyring-Powell nanofluid was studied by Gholinia et al and

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Hosseinzadeh et al.. Their study proved that due to existence of Lorentz force, velocity
profile has been reduced by increase of the Hartman number (magnetic field parameter)

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and also It is decreased with increasing Eyring–Powell fluid parameter.[8,9]. 2D MHD
flow of Hybrid nanoparticles suspended in micropolar dusty fluid in the presence of shapes
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nanoparticles was studied by Ghadikolaei et al. Their results showed that with increasing
the amount of shape factors, the thickness of thermal boundary layer and local Nusselt
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number in prescribe heat flux increase[10]. Ghadikolaei et al. investigated MHD nanofluid
flow with homogeneously suspended dust particles over a stretching sheet in the presence
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of thermal radiation and Joule heating. Their study showed that skin friction coefficient
increases with increment of Harman parameter and Velocity reduction in both fluid and
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dust phases is due to the Lorentz force against flow. Also increasing the Eckert number
would cause an increase local Nusselt number in PST case and reverse effect in PHF case
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[11,12]. The second law of thermodynamics on a porous rotating disc with MHD nanofluid
flow on it has been studied by Rashidi et al..The application of magneticrotating disc can
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be understood when the heat transfer enhancement is the main subject in renewable energy
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systems [13].
Thermal radiation has an important role on the overall heat transfer when the
convection heat transfer coefficient is small. The effects of radiation on convective MHD
flow are significant in electrical power generation, solar power technology, gas turbines
and various propoulsion devices for aircraft, missiles and space vehicles. Mahapatra et
alstudied the effectof thermal radiation and heat generation of an unsteady two-
dimensional natural convection flow in an inclined enclosure .They showed that
convection flow was suppressed by the magnetic field. In addition,magnetic flow direction

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that formsinner loop plusmultiple eddies,changesthe flow pattern[14]. Zahmatkesh
investigated the effectiveness of radiation on heat transfer. this study showed that
temperature distribution changes intouniform with existance of thermal radiation in
internal vertical sections oftheenclosure. This causes the streamlines to be nearly parallel
with the vertical walls[15]. Rashidi et al. studied the effects of thermal radiation on mixed
convection heat transfer for viscoelastic fluid flow over a porous wedge[16].
Flow by rotating surfaces has been an interesting research topic and has drew the

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attention of scientists and researchers. This is because of its usage in technical applications
involving jet engines, food processing, electrochemical systems, deposition of coatings on

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surfaces, turbine system, atmospheric and oceanic circulations and various others. The first
study on this area has been done by von Karman [17]. He studied the boundary layer

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development for a rotating disc with constant angular velocity in a resting fluid and it was
the birth of a new branch of study in fluid mechanics. Cochan solved Karman's problem

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accurately. He analyzed the impulsive motion of fluid at rest and presented a steady state
solution with higher accuracy[18]. Hu et al. [19] studied thermocapillary flow instabilities
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through counter rotating disks. The basic solution for temperature and velocity has been
achieved by means of pseudo spectral Chebyshev technique. Turkyilmazoglu [20]
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investigated heat transfer in nanofluid flow with a rotating disk. As another study,
Turkyilmazoglu studied MHD stagnation point laminar flow of an electrically conducting
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fluid in a three-dimensional domain along with a radially stretchable rotating disk[21].

Hayat et al. [22] modeled the non- Fourier heat flux of a viscous fluid, flowing between
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two rotating disks. In addition, he investigated flow over the single and multi-walls carbon
nanotubes with different slip conditions by rotating disks [23]. Ghadikolaei et al.
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investigated 3D squeezing flow of hybrid nanofluid inside a rotating channel considering

the thermal radiation. Their results showed that since thermal conductivity of the first
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nanoparticle is much less than second nanoparticle, therefore, hybrids nanofluid has a
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greater effect on the temperature reduction than nanofluid [24].

Recently, the investigation of fluid flow in presence of reaction has attracted the
attention of engineers. The chemical reaction can be considered as homogeneous or
heterogeneous reactions. The connection between heterogeneous and homogeneous
reactions is complex and it is due to generation and utilization of reactant species at
different rates both on the surface of catalysis and inside the liquid. The flows with
homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions are can be seen in various processes like food
processing, fog formation and dispersion, crops damage via freezing, ceramics and

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polymer production. With this point of view, Merkin [25] studied the effect of isothermal
homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions on viscous stretched flow. The stagnation point of
stretched flow in viscous fluid via chemical reactions analyzed by Chaudhary and Merkin
[26].As an another study, they investigated the impact of dissipation of autocatalyst[27].
The flow with homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions has been studied by several authors
in recent decades [28-34].
In many engineering problems, solving procedure will finally lead to nonlinear

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differential equations. Since numerical approach is unable to solve some of these nonlinear
differential equations, analytical methods become important.Semi-analytical methods can

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be applied to solve these equations[35-42]. Most of the heat transfer and fluid mechanics
problems would engage with nonlinear equation which finding accurate and efficient

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solutions for these problems have been considered by many researchers recently.
Therefore, many researchers have tried to reach acceptable solution for these equations by

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applying analytical and semi-analytical methods. This paper utilizes a helpful method
called Akbari-Ganji method. This method was developed by Akbari and Ganji by Akbari et
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al. and Rostami et al. in 2014 for the first time[43,44].
The main purpose of AGM method is the achievement of accurate solution for PDE
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equations with simple algebraic calculation in which in comparison with other methods the
process is simple and the solution would be acceptable with minor errors in comparison
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with numerical methods.

The goal of this article is to study the water based nanofluids (Titanium dioxide and
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Gallic oxide added to water) flow between two stretchable rotating disks. The radiative and
Joule heating are considered. In order to solve the governing differential equations, the
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AGM (Akbari-Ganji’s Method) method has been applied. The effects of different
parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration are shown and discussed.
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Governing formulae

It is considered two continuously stretching rotating disks with nanofluid flow. It is

considered titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and Gallic oxide (GO ) as nanoparticles with water (H 2O )
as base. The thermos-physical properties of the nanofluid are given in Table 1 [45,46].

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Lower disk at z =0 is rotating with angular velocity Ω1 around the axial direction and its
stretching rate is a1 while upper disk (at distance h apart) rotates with angular velocity Ω 2
and the stretching rate a2 (Fig. 1).
The heat transfer contains radiation and Joule heating. Magnetic field of strength B 0 is
applied in z-direction. Homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions are considered. The
homogeneous reaction of cubic autocatalysis is:
B + 2C → 3C , ω = k c bc 2 (1)

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And the first isothermal reaction on the surface of catalyst is:

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B → C , ω = k sb (2)
In mentioned reactions, k c , k s , B and C are the rate constants and chemical species

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respectively, whereas the b and c are concentrations. We adopted cylindrical coordinates
(r , θ , z ) with velocity (uˆ,vˆ,wˆ ) to construct the velocity, temperature and concentration
equation as follows[47]:
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∂uˆ uˆ ∂wˆ
+ + =0 (3)
∂r r ∂z

∂uˆ ∂uˆ vˆ 2 1 ∂pˆ  ∂ 2uˆ 1 ∂uˆ ∂ 2uˆ uˆ  σ nf 2

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uˆ + wˆ − =− + υ nf  2 + + − − B 0 uˆ (4)
∂r ∂z r ρ nf ∂r  ∂r r ∂r ∂z 2 r 2  ρ nf

∂vˆ ∂vˆ uv
ˆˆ  ∂ 2vˆ 1 ∂vˆ ∂ 2vˆ vˆ  σ nf 2
+ wˆ − = υnf  2 + + − −
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uˆ B 0 vˆ (5)
∂r ∂z r  ∂r r ∂r ∂z 2 r 2  ρ nf
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∂wˆ ∂wˆ 1 ∂pˆ  ∂ 2wˆ 1 ∂wˆ ∂ 2wˆ 

wˆ + uˆ =− + υnf  2 + +  (6)
∂z ∂r ρ nf ∂z  ∂r r ∂r ∂z 2 

 ∂Tˆ ∂Tˆ   16σ oTˆ23   1 ∂Tˆ ∂ 2Tˆ ∂ 2Tˆ 

( ρc ) + 2 + 2  + σ nf B o2 (uˆ 2 + vˆ 2 )
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 uˆ + wˆ  =  k nf +   (7)
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂r ∂z 
p nf o
 r z   3k  r r

∂b ∂b  1 ∂b ∂ 2b ∂ 2b 
uˆ + wˆ = DB  + 2 + 2  − k c bc 2 (8)
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∂r ∂z  r ∂r ∂r ∂z 
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∂c ∂c  1 ∂c ∂ 2c ∂ 2c 
uˆ + wˆ = DC  + 2+ 2  + k c bc
2
(9)
∂r ∂z  r ∂r ∂r ∂z 

∂b ∂c
uˆ = ra1 ,vˆ = r Ω1 ,wˆ = 0,Tˆ = Tˆ1 , D B = k s b , DC = − k s b @ z = 0,
∂z ∂z (10)
uˆ = ra2 ,vˆ = r Ω 2 ,wˆ = 0,Tˆ = Tˆ2 , b → bo , c → 0 @ z = h

In which p̂ indicates pressure, Tˆ the temperature, Tˆ1 and Tˆ2 temperatures at lower and upper
disks respectively, σ o StefanBoltzmann constant, ko the mean absorption coefficient.

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The effective nanofluid density ρ nf , thermal conductivity k nf , heat capacitance ( ρc p )nf ,

dynamic viscosity µ nf and electrical conductivity σ nf can be introduced as follows:

ρnf = ρf (1 − φ ) + ρs φ (11)
k nf k + 2k f − 2φ ( k f − k s )
= s (12)
kf k s + 2k f + 2φ ( k f − k s )

( ρc ) p nf
= ( ρc p ) (1 − φ ) + ( ρc p ) φ
f s
(13)
µf

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µnf = (14)
(1 − φ ) 2.5

σ 

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3  s − 1 φ
σ nf
= 1+ σf 
(15)
σf  σs  σ 
 + 2  −  s − 1 φ
σ σ

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 f   f 

In above expressions subscript nf represents thermophysical properties ofnanofluid, s for

nano-solid particles, f

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explains base fluid and φ denotes the solid volume fraction of
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nanoparticles.
With using Karman transformation, it is considered:
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Tˆ −Tˆ2
uˆ = r Ω1f ′(ξ ),vˆ = r Ω1 g (ξ ),w = −2h Ω1f (ξ ), θˆ = ,
Tˆ1 −Tˆ2
(16)
 1 r2  z
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p = ρf Ω1υf  P (ξ ) + 2
ε  , b = bo φ%, c = bo l%, ξ =
 2h  h
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The continuity equation is satisfied and the other equations (4-10)are transformed to:
 
1  M σ nf  ε
f ′′′ + Re  2ff ′′ − f ′2 + g 2 − f ′ − =0
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ρs σ f ρs (17)
 ρs  
φ φ 
φ φ
(1 − φ ) 1 − φ + φ − + − +
2.5
 1  1
 ρf   ρf  ρf

 
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1  M σ 
g ′′ + Re  2fg ′ − 2f g′ − nf
g=0 (18)
2.5  ρ   ρ σ 
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(1 − φ ) 1 − φ + s φ   1−φ + s φ f 
 ρf   ρ f 

1 2
P ′ = −4 Re ff ′ − f ′′
ρ  ρs  (19)
1− φ + s φ (1 − φ ) 1 − φ + φ 
2.5

ρf  ρf 

1  k nf   ( ρc p )s  ′ σ
 + R  θ ′′ + 2 Re  1 − φ + φ f θ + Re M nf Ec ( f ′2 + g 2 ) = 0. (20)
Pr  k f  
 ( ρc p )f  σf

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1 1
φ ′′ + 2f φ ′ − k 1φ l 2 = 0. (21)
Re Sc

1 δ
l ′′ + 2fl ′ − k 1φ l 2 = 0. (22)
Re Sc

f (0) = 0, f (1) = 0, f ′(0) = A1 , f ′(1) = A 2 , g (0) = 1, g (1) = Ω, θ (0) = 1, φ ′(0) = K 2φ (0),

φ (1) = 1, δ l ′(0) = − K 2φ (0), l (1) = 0, P (0) = 0
(23)

Ω1h 2 ( ρc ) υf B 02σ f r 2 Ω12 υ D

, Sc = f , δ = C ,
p
Re = , Pr = f
,M = , Ec =
υf kf ρf Ω1 (
c p T1 −T 2
ˆ ˆ ) D B D B
(24)

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a a Ω k b k h 2
A1 = 1 , A 2 = 2 ,τ = 2 , k 1 = c , k 2 = s 0

Ω1 Ω1 Ω1 Ω1 DB

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where Re denotes Reynolds number, Pr the Prandtl number, M the Hartmann
number, Ec the Eckert number, Sc the Schmidtnumber, δ ratio of diffusion coefficient, A1

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and A 2 the scaled stretching parameters, τ rotation number, k 1 and k 2 themeasure of
strength of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. The diffusion coefficients of

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chemical species B and C are of a comparable size.
φ (ξ ) + l (ξ ) = 1 (25)
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From expressions (21) and (22), one obtains:
1 1
φ ′′ + 2f φ ′ − k 1φ (1 − φ ) = 0
2
(26)
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Re Sc

φ ′ ( 0 ) = K 2φ ( 0 ) , φ (1) = 1 (27)
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For making simpler form of Eq. (17) and removing ε ,it can be differentiated with respect
to ξ
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 
1  M σ 
f iv
+ Re  2ff ′′′ − 2 gg ′ − nf
f ′′  = 0 (28)
 ρs   ρ σ 
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(1 − φ )
2.5
1 − φ + φ  1−φ + s φ f 
 ρ f   ρ f 

At lower disc the shear stress in radial and tangential direction is described by:
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∂uˆ µf r Ω1f ′′(0) ∂vˆ µf r Ω1 g ′(0)

τ zr = µ nf = ,τ z θ = µ nf = , (29)
∂z (1 − φ ) h ∂z (1 − φ ) h
2.5 2.5
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z =0 z =0

Therefore the total stress is defined as:

τw = τ zr2 + τ z2θ (30)

The skin friction coefficients Cf 1 and Cf 2 in lower and upper disks is illustrated by:

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τw 1 1

2.5 (
Cf 1 = z =0
=  f ′′(0) )2 + ( g ′(0) )2  2 ,
ρ f ( r Ω1 )
2
Re r (1 − φ ) 
(31)
τw 1 1
Cf 2 = z =h
= ( f ′′(1) )2 + ( g ′(1) ) 2  2 ,
ρ f ( r Ω1 )
2
Re r (1 − φ )
2.5  

r Ω1h
in which local Reynolds number is Re r = .
υf

Nusselt numbers for lower and upper disks can be expressed as:

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hqw hqw
Nu x 1 = , Nu x 2 =
( ) ( )
(32)
kf Tˆ −Tˆ kf Tˆ −Tˆ

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1 2 1 2
z =0 z =h

In which wall heat flux is:

(Tˆ −Tˆ )  k

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∂Tˆ 1 2 16σ oTˆ23 
qw = −k nf + qr =−  +  θ ′(0) (33)
z =0
∂z z =0
3k o 
nf
h 

(Tˆ −Tˆ )  k

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∂Tˆ 1 2 16σ oTˆ23 
qw = −k nf + qr =−  +  θ ′(1) (34)
z =h
∂z z =h
3k o 
nf
h 
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Therefore the Nusselt number can be written as:

hqw hqw
Nu x 1 = , Nu x 2 =
M

( ) ( )
(35)
kf Tˆ −Tˆ
1 2 kf Tˆ −Tˆ 1 2
z =0 z =h
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Basic idea of AGM Method

The general forms of equation with its boundary conditions are as follows:
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p k : f (u ,u ′,u ′′,...u (m ) ) = 0 , u = u (x ) (36)

( m −1)
u (x ) = u 0 , u (x ) = u1 ,u (x ) = u m −1 at x = 0
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 ( m −1) (37)
u (x ) = u L0 ,u (x ) = u L1 ,u (x ) = u Lm −1 at x = L
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It is assumed that the solution of this equation is as follows:

n
u (x ) = ∑ ai x i = a0 + a1x 1 + a2 x 2 + ... + an x n (38)
i =0

The larger n makes higher accuracy of the solution. Due to boundary conditions of
Eq. (37) a set of n + 1 equations which consists of n + 1 unknown coefficients (a ...a ) are 0 n

obtained. With solving the set of equations, the differential Eq. (36) regarding the series
from degree (n ) can be solved.

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Application of AGM Method

Firstly, It is introduced the residuals:

 
1  M σ nf 
PP = f iv
+ Re  2ff ′′′ − 2 gg ′ − f ′′  = 0 (39)
 ρs   ρ σ 
(1 − φ )  1 − φ + φ 
2.5
 1−φ + s φ f 
 ρf   ρf 

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 
1  M σ nf 
QQ = g ′′ + Re  2fg ′ − 2f g′ − g =0 (40)
2.5  ρs   ρs σ f 

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(1 − φ ) 1 − φ + φ   1−φ + φ 
 ρf   ρf 

1 2

SC
RR = P ′ + 4 Re ff ′ + f ′′ = 0
ρ  ρs  (41)
1− φ + s φ (1 − φ )
2.5
1 − φ + φ
ρf  ρ f 

( ρc p )s  ′

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1  k nf   σ
ZZ =  + R  θ ′′ + 2 Re  1 − φ + φ f θ + Re M nf Ec ( f ′2 + g 2 ) = 0 (42)
Pr  k f   ( ρc p )f  σf
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

1 1
XX = φ ′′ + 2f φ ′ − k 1φ (1 − φ ) = 0
2
(43)
Re Sc
M

It is assumed that the solutions of these equations are as follows:

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7 7 7 7 7
f = ∑ ai ξ i , g = ∑ bi ξ i , P = ∑ c i ξ i , θ = ∑ d i ξ i , φ = ∑ e i ξ i (44)
i =0 i =0 i =0 i =0 i =0
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According to below equations, all constant parameters can be obtained.

f = f (B .C .), g = g (B .C .), P = P (B .C .),θ = θ (B .C .), φ = φ (B .C .)
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PP (B .C .) = 0, PP ′(B .C .) = 0, PP ′′(B .C .) = 0, PP ′′′(B .C .) = 0,QQ (B .C .) = 0,QQ ′(B .C .) = 0,

(45)
QQ ′′(B .C .) = 0, RR (B .C .) = 0, RR ′(B .C .) = 0, ZZ (B .C .) = 0, ZZ ′(B .C .) = 0, ZZ ′′(B .C .) = 0,
X X (B .C .) = 0, X X ′(B .C .) = 0
C
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Results and discussion

The impact of boundary condition in radial, axial and tangential velocities is

described in the figures. Figures 2a and 2b show that the increase of the values of A1 , the
radial and axial velocities enhances near the lower disk (the lower value of ξ ). Also the
increase of these velocities decays near the upper disk. In figure 2a, the negative values
near upper disk (the more value of ξ ) describes that the velocity of lower disk is more than

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upper disk. As shown in figure 2c, the tangential velocity is decreased with increment in
the value of A1 . Figure 2d describes the effect of A1 on the chemical specie concentration.
As can be seen, for larger values of A1 , the concentration is increased. The effect of the
values of A1 on the temperature is shown on figure 2e. As shown in this figure, the
temperature increase for larger values of A1 .
As shown in figure 3a, the axial velocity is decreased with increment of the value of

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A 2 . In figure 3b, the radial velocity decays near the lower disc with increasing A 2 while

this velocity is enhanced near the upper disk. The reason of the increase of radial velocity
for higher A 2 near upper disk is the higher stretching rate of upper disk. The effects of the

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variation of the value of A 2 on the tangential velocities are shown in Figure 3c. Here this

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velocity is more for higher A 2 . Figure 3d displays the effect of A 2 on chemical
concentration φ (ξ ) . As shown in this figure, for larger values of A 2 the fluid concentration

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enhances. Figure 3e shows that with increase of A 2 , the temperature slightly enhances.
The figures 4a, 4b and 4c show the impact of Reynolds number on radial, axial and
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tangential velocities. It is shown in figures 4a and 4b that with increase in Re , since inertial
forces have direct relation Re , with the magnitude of radial and axial velocities is
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decreased near lower disk. Figure 4c displays the effect of Reynolds number on tangential
velocity. In this figure g (ξ ) is an increasing function of Re near lower disk while it is a
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decreasing function near upper one. The influence of Reynolds number on concentration
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and temperature is described in figures 4d and 4e. It is noted that concentration is a

decreasing function of Re while temperature is an increasing one.
Figures 5a, 5b and 5c show the impact of stretching parameters (A1 , A 2 ) and
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Reynolds number on the skin friction coefficients at lower and upper disks. It is illustrated
that skin friction coefficients are an increasing functions of stretching parameters while it
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shows decreasing behavior for Reynolds number.

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The effect of stretching parameters (A1 ) on the Nusselt number at lower and upper
disks is shown in figures 6a. As can be seen, with increase of the value of A1 , Nusselt
number at upper disk enhances while Nusselt number is nearly constant at lower one. The
behavior of the values of (A1 ) and Re on Nusselt number at lower and upper disks is
illustrated in figures 6b and 6c. It is noted that Nusselt number is increased for larger
stretching parameter and Reynolds number at upper disk while it shows decreasing
behavior at lower one.

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Conclusion

In preset paper, the impacts of stretching parameters on velocity, temperature,

concentration, are discussed in MHD nanofluid flow between two stretchable and rotating
disks with homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions and Joule heating. The AGM method
could solve the PDE problems with accurate answers and minimum errors. The results are

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shown that with increase of the values of A1 , the radial and axial velocities enhances near
the lower disk. Also with increment of A1 , the temperature and chemical specie

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concentration is increased while tangential velocity has decreasing behavior. The impact of
the increase of value of A 2 is opposite of the A1 on the axial, radial and tangential velocities.

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The chemical concentration and temperature are increasing function of A 2 .With increasing
Reynolds number, the radial and axial velocities decreases near lower disk.

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Skin friction coefficients are increasing function of stretching parameters while they are
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decreasing with Reynolds number. Nusselt number is increased for larger stretching
parameter and Reynolds number at upper disk while it shows decreasing behavior at lower
one.
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Fig. 1. Flow geometry

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1

GO 0.8 GO
TiO2 TiO2
0.05
0.6
A1=0,0.3,0.6,0.9

0.4
0

f'(ξ)
f(ξ)

0.2 A1 =0,0.3,0.6,0.9

-0.05
0

-0.2
-0.1

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-0.4

-0.15 -0.6
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ξ ξ

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Fig.2a Fig.2b
1.2 4

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GO
GO TiO2
TiO2 A1=0,0.3,0.6,0.9
1
3

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0.8
φ(ξ)
g(ξ)

2
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0.6

A1=0,0.3,0.6,0.9
1
0.4
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0.2 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
ξ ξ
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Fig.2c Fig.2d
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1
EP

GO
0.8 TiO2

0.6
C
θ(ξ)

0.4
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A1=0,0.3,0.6,0.9

0.2

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ξ

Fig.2e

Fig. 2. Effect of A1 on f (ξ ), f ′(ξ ), g (ξ ),θ (ξ ), φ (ξ )

A 2 = 0.9, M = 0.1,τ = 0.3, φ = 0.2, R = Ec = Re = 0.7

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0.06 1

GO
0.04 TiO2 GO
0.8
TiO2
0.02
0.6
0

0.4
-0.02

f'(ξ)
f(ξ)

-0.04

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0.2 A2=0,0.3,0.6,0.9
A2=0,0.3,0.6,0.9

-0.06
0
-0.08

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-0.2
-0.1

-0.12 -0.4
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ξ ξ

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Fig.3a Fig.3b
1 4
A2=0,0.3,0.6,0.9

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GO
TiO2
GO
0.8 TiO2
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A2 =0,0.3,0.6,0.9

3
φ(ξ)
g(ξ)

0.6
M

0.4
D
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0.2 1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ξ ξ

Fig.3c Fig.3d
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GO
TiO2
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0.8 A2 =0,0.3,0.6,0.9
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0.6
θ(ξ)

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ξ

Fig.3e

Fig. 3. Effect of A2 on f (ξ ), f ′(ξ ), g (ξ ),θ (ξ ), φ (ξ )

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A1 = 0.3, M = 0.1,τ = 0.3, φ = 0.2, R = Ec = Re = 0.7
0.02 1

TiO2
0 GO 0.8 TiO2
GO

-0.02 0.6
Re=0.35,0.7,1.05,1.4

-0.04 0.4

f ( ξ)
f(ξ)

'
-0.06 0.2

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-0.08 0 Re=0.35,0.7,1.05,1.4

-0.1 -0.2

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-0.12 -0.4
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ξ ξ

Fig. 4a Fig. 4b

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1 6

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TiO2 TiO2
GO GO
5
0.8
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4
g(ξ)

φ(ξ)

0.6
M

0.4
2 Re=0.35,0.7,1.05,1.4
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Re=0.35,0.7,1.05,1.4
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0.2 1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ξ ξ

Fig. 4c Fig. 4d
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TiO2
GO
C

0.8

Re=0.35,0.7,1.05,1.4
AC

0.6
θ(ξ)

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ξ

Fig. 4e
Fig. 4. Effect of Re on f (ξ ), f ′(ξ ), g (ξ ),θ (ξ ), φ (ξ )

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A1 = 0.3, A2 = 0.9, M = 0.1,τ = 0.3, φ = 0.2, R = Ec = 0.7
15 12

10 8

Cf
Cf

Cf0(GO) Cf0(GO)
Cf0(TiO2 ) Cf0(TiO2)
Cf1(GO) 4 Cf1(GO)
5

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Cf1(TiO2 ) Cf1(TiO2)

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0 0
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 0 0.3 0.6 0.9
A1 A2

Fig. 5a. Cf vs A1 Fig. 5b. Cf vs A 2

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A 2 = 0.9, M = 0.1,τ = 0.3, φ = 0.2, R = Ec = Re = 0.7 A1 = 0.3, M = 0.1,τ = 0.3, φ = 0.2, R = Ec = Re = 0.7

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Cf0(GO)
Cf0(TiO2)
16 Cf1(GO)
Cf1(TiO2)
M
Cf

8
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0
0.35 0.7 1.05 1.4
Re
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Fig. 5c. Cf vs Re

A1 = 0.3, A2 = 0.9, M = 0.1,τ = 0.3, φ = 0.2, R = Ec = 0.7

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3.4 3.4

Nu0(GO) Nu0(GO)
Nu0(TiO2) Nu0(TiO2)
Nu1(GO) Nu1(GO)
3.2 Nu1(TiO2) 3.2 Nu1(TiO2)

Nu
Nu

3 3

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2.8 2.8

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2.6 2.6
0 0.35 0.7 0 0.35 0.7
A1 A2

Fig. 6a. Nu vs A1 Fig. 6b. Nu vs A 2

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A 2 = 0.9, M = 0.1,τ = 0.3, φ = 0.2, R = Ec = Re = 0.7 A1 = 0.3, M = 0.1,τ = 0.3, φ = 0.2, R = Ec = Re = 0.7

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3.4

Nu0(GO)
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Nu0(TiO2)
Nu1(GO)
3.2 Nu1(TiO2)
M
Nu

3
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2.8
TE

2.6
0.35 0.7 1.05 1.4
Re
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Fig. 6c. Nu vs Re

A1 = 0.3, A2 = 0.9, M = 0.1,τ = 0.3, φ = 0.2, R = Ec = 0.7

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Table 1: Thermophysical properties of Titanium dioxide and Graphene oxide and water.
k (W / mK ) ρ (kg / m 3 ) σ (Um )−1 c p (J / kgK )

Titanium dioxide8.9538 4250 2.6e6 686.2

Graphene oxide 5000 1800 1.1e-5 717
Water 0.613 997.1 0.05 4179

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Nomenclature

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Stefan–Boltzmann constat
r ,θ , z cylindrical coordinates [ L] σo  M / T 3K 4 
 

velocity components [ L / T ]
u , v, w radiation parameter, Eckert
R , Ec

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number
stretching rates of lower and upper mean absorption coefficient
disks [1/T ] [1/ L ]
a1 , a2
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k
rotational velocity of lower and temperature and concentration
Ω1 , Ω2 θ, φ
upper disks [1/T ] profiles
M

T1 , T2 , T f temperatures of lower, upper disks Hartmann number and Prandtl

and mean temperature [ K ]
M , Pr
number
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magnetic strength  M / T 2 A 
W s , Re suction/injection parameter,
B0
Reynolds number
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ρ nf density  M / L3  A1 stretching parameter of lower disk

p pressure  M / LT 2  A2 stretching parameter of lower disk
ν nf kinematic viscosity  L 2 / T 
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Ω rotational parameter
electrical conductivity
σ  A 2T 3 / ML 3 
α1 , α 2 temperature ratio parameter
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knf thermal conductivity  M L / T 3 K  Br Brinkman number

suction/injection rate [ L / T ]
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cp specific heat  L 2 M / T 2 K  W0

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Conflicts of Interest
Hydrothermal analysis of MHD nanofluid (TiO_2-GO) flow between two radiative
stretchable rotating disks using AGM

The authors whose names are listed immediately below certify that they have NO affiliations
with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as
honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment,

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consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-
licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional
relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed

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in this manuscript. The manuscript is original and it doesn't submit in another journal.

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Kind Regard

Khashayar Hosseinzadeh.

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