Her key

Name: ________________________________________________________________ Period: ________ Date: _____________________

Unit 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions Review

Composing Functions and Inverses
•
value
The domain of a relation is the set of all inputs, or __________________________________, of the ordered pair.
o If the relation is listed as ordered pairs, a table, or specific points on a graph, write the domain in set notation
(ex: {1,2,3} )
o If the relation is a graph with connected lines or curves, write the domain in interval notation (ex: (−∞, ∞))

g values
• The range of a relation is the set of all outputs, or __________________________________, of the ordered pair.
o If the relation is listed as ordered pairs, a table, or specific points on a graph, write the range in set notation (ex:
{1,2,3} )
o If the relation is a graph with connected lines or curves, write the range in interval notation (ex: (−∞, ∞))
•
switch
To find the inverse of a graph or a table, ________________ the + and ,-values.
• one to one function
A relation is said to be a ___________-_____-____________ _____________________________ if both the relation and the inverse are
functions.
• We can tell if a graph will be a one-to-one function if it passes both the vertical line test and the horizontal line test.
Find the inverse of the relations shown below, then determine if the relation is a one-to-one function.
1. ! " ! "
2. y
8
013 7 3107
5 8
8 5 Inverse 6

7 11
9 15
11

7 not 4
a 467 26611
15 9 Afunction 2

11 −4 4 11 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 x
th D 7GHz
13 0 O 13 3147 714,3
–2

15 11 11 15 Bothoriginal and –4

inverse are functions 4177 244
–6

15,2 212157
–8

One to one
Xvalues X
517,911,13115
Domain of Original: ___________________________________

Domain of the Inverse: _______________________________

421314,6173 E
Y
Values
Range of Original: _____________________________________ Range of the Inverse: _________________________________
NOT
y
4,018,1415
one to one
014213,415
• To find the inverse of a given equation,
Switch the __________ and ____________ values in the equation.
y
o

y
o Solve for ______________.
Find the inverse of the relations below.
!"#
3. !(#) = 5# + 9 4. !(#) =
$

4 5 9
Xt X y 8
5yt9
g g

fH III
I

6
rt
 Graphing Exponential Functions
•
pcxJ b
The parent function of an exponential function is ___________________________________.
•
Increasing
When - > 1, the function is an exponential ________________________________ and the graph is ________________________________.
growth
•
decay decreasing
When - < 1, the function is an exponential ________________________________ and the graph is ________________________________.
• Given the exponential function, 0(+) = 2 ∙ - !"# + 5
o
stretch
When|2| > 1, it causes a vertical _________________________
When|2| < 1 (a fraction that is less than 1), it causes a vertical _________________________
o
compression
o left right
+ℎ moves the graph ________________________ and −ℎ moves the graph _____________________________.
o
up down
+5 moves the graph _____________ and – 5 moves the graph ___________________________.
o
reflected x axis
When 2 is negative is causes the graph to be _____________________________ over the __________________________.
o
y
2 is a change to the _________ values.
o
X
ℎ is a change to the _________ values.
o
y
5 is a change to the _________ values.
o
y
A reflection is a change to the ____________________________ values.
Graph each exponential function and answer the following questions.
1. !(#) = 2!%& + 3
O y
a

E
8

gt3
iEEYoTzis
6

n.fi 2


3 2 5 –8 –6 –4 –2
–2
2 4 6 8 x
C N N
Domain: ___________________________

3rd
–4
Range: _____________________________
–6

3
Asymptote: ________________________
y
–8

Describe the transformations: 1k
•

Horizontal shift 1 unit right
• Vertical
shift 3 units up
2. !(#) = 2 +', − 1
& ! there is nothingaffecting X's
q y
8

6

X X 2g I 4 L

i
2

Domain: ___________________________
–8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 x

42 I I 0.5
–2

Range: _____________________________
–4

–6

1
Asymptote: ________________________
–8
y
Describe the transformations:
•
Vertical stretch a by factor
• of 2
Vertical shift 1 unit down
 Exponential Growth and Decay & Compound Interest
•
Y Alltrt
The exponential growth formula is ____________________________________________________.
o
Initial amount
2 represents ___________________________________________________
o
ratecasadecimal
9 represents ___________________________________________________

time
o : represents ___________________________________________________
•
y au rst t
The exponential decay formula is _____________________________________________________.
•
y PCltra
The compound interest formula is ____________________________________________________.
o
principal
balance
; represents ___________________________________________________
o number of times compoundedlyear
< represents ___________________________________________________
§ 12
Monthly: < = __________
§ 52
Weekly: < = __________
§
4
Quarterly: < = __________
•
yapert
The compound interest compounded continuously formula is _________________________________________.
•
A Aoc's 4h InitialAmt half life
The half-life formula is______________________________________ Ao= __________________ h=_________________

1. If the original value of an investment is 2. The value of a boat is $23,600. It is

$25,450, and the value increases by 11% per depreciating at a rate of 9.5% per year. Find
year, find the value of the investment after 18 the value of the boar after 8 years.
years.
increases growtheauation depreciating decay education
t
y aCltrJt y all b 1 05 9578
2445061 0 D 4
a 24450 4
244504117
A 23,600 33
Y
f 0.11 r eoq5

f 18 81591989.8271
9 f 8 8101619.420
9 11
3. Sodium-25 was to be used in an experiment, 4. Mary put $13,000 into a retirement fund that
but it took 3 minutes to get the sodium from earns 3% compounded continuously. How
the reactor to the laboratory. If 5.0 mg of much money will she have after 25 years?
sodium-25 was removed from the reactor, how
many mg of sodium-25 were placed in the Continuously Pert
reaction vessel 3 minutes later if the half-life of
sodium-25 is 60 seconds? Aspert 3 25
half life A 13,0006
A Alta h I peps ooo
Ao 5 A5 J Or5ft 8 0.03 A 2752
h 60 minute t 25
3 0.6250
5. John deposited $500 into a bank account on his 16th birthday that earns 3.75% interest
compounded monthly. How much money will John have in this bank account after 10 years?

TEST
nt
A Patra A goof 0735
F
A500 N 12
500Gt 0031257120
f 0.0375 t 40
 Graphing Logarithmic Equations
•
inverse
A logarithmic function is the ________________________________ of an exponential function.
•
range
The domain from an exponential will be the ________________________ of the logarithmic function.

pod logbX
• The parent function of a logarithmic function is __________________________________________________.
• switch
To graph a logarithmic function, make the table from the exponential function, then just _________ the + and , values to
graph the logarithmic function.
• X h
The equation of the vertical asymptote of the parent function of a logarithmic function is ____________.
Graph each logarithmic function and answer the following questions.
3. !(#) = log ( (# + 2) − 1 y

2
t
2 t 4
–8 –6 –4 –2
–2
6 8 x

–4
–6
–8

f 2,0
Domain: ___________________________

all real numbers
Range: _____________________________

X 2
Asymptote: ________________________
Describe the transformations:
•

Horizontal shift 2 units left
• vertical shift 1 Whit down
4. !(#) = log ) (# − 3) + 2 y

i
4

f
6 if 8
–8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 x

5
–2

2 3 –4

LA n

–6

–8 w
307
Domain: ___________________________

All real numbers
Range: _____________________________

Describe the transformations:

A 3
Asymptote: ________________________

•
Horizontal shift3 units right
• Vertical

shift 2 units up
 Logarithmic Expressions
• X bka
Write the rule for changing an exponential equation into a logarithmic equation: _____________________________________________
109bar
• A logarithm with a base equal to 10 is called a common logarithm and can be written as _______________.
log
• LUX
A logarithm with a base equal to > is called a natural logarithm and can be written as __________________.
Write each equation in exponential form.
1. log * # = 125 2. log ! 36 = 2

5125 12 42 36
Write each equation in logarithmic form.
3. 2( = 8 4. 4 ! = 5

10928 3 logab X
The answer to a log is an exponent
Evaluate each logarithm.
5. log ( 9 6. log 100

z g 107 100
Solve for +.
7. log ! 16 = 2 8. log $ # = 2

2
16 LEIF 82 640
Complete the logarithmic properties below.

Change of Base Rule Togi logcb

log ! $ = ___________________________________
when a calculatoris
Available choosebased

Power Rule TO
log ! '" = _________________________________

n.logb logblmlttog.ba

Product Property log ! (' ∙ *) = _________________________________

'
Quotient Property log ! , - = _________________________________
logbM Wgbh
*
 Condensing and Expanding Logarithmic Expressions
• When condensing a logarithmic expression into a single log:
o Apply the power rule
o Change any fractional exponents to roots
o Apply the product and quotient rules
o Simplify if possible.
• When expanding a logarithmic expression:
o Apply the product and quotient rules
o Change any roots to fractional exponents
o Apply the power rule
Rewrite as a single logarithm.
&

0
2. log ) 6 + log ) 10 − log ) 15
0
1. 2 log ( # − ) log ( 16 − log ( 7

2
toggery 10921 10924

10gzfF 1092647

D
Expand each logarithm.
$! $
3. log * + (+ ,
I 4. log # 857√#: No traction ant

40 0 109,3 loggy logsbtlogsytlog.si

10g
10958
420
s8t21ogsx logs3 1ogg 109,551
10954 5
syttalogs.LT
lttog
Use the Change of Base Formula to rewrite each expression using common logarithms.
5. log ( 16 6. log ' 9

1 YI 585
4 82.524 Yf9g94
 Solving Logarithmic and Exponential Equations
• When solving a logarithmic equation that has a log on BOTH sides of the equation (log = log), write the steps to solve
the equation:
Condense each
o
logarithm
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

o Use the one to one property to drop the logs

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

o set the arguments usual to each other 4 solve

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Check for extraneous solutions

o ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• When solving a logarithmic equation that has only one log on one side of the equation (Log = Number), write the steps
to solve the equation:
o Condense and simplify the logarithm
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

o Re write the eauation as exponential BE A

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Solve for the variable

o ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

o Check for extraneous solutions

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Remember, for both these types of problems you need to check for extraneous solutions. An extraneous solution is a

or zero
solution that would make the argument ________________________________________________.
negative

• When solving an exponential equation where you can get a common base, write the steps to solve the equation:
o
Use the properties of exponents to simplify each side
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Rewrite the eduation so both sides have the same base

o ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Drop the base and set the exponents edual to

o ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• eachother Solve for the variable

When solving an exponential equation when you cannot get a common base, write the steps to solve the equation:
o
Isolate the exponential expression
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

o Take the log of both sides to bring down the exponent

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

o Solve for the variable using your calculator

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Solve the equations for #. Check for extraneous solutions.

1. log ) (3# − 1) = log ) (14 − #) 2. log , (8# − 9) = log , 108 − log , 4
I
3 1 14 X
tx tx
10
973
4 1 14 8 9 27
H tI ta t 9
4 15 8X 36
8 8
t
X
4.50
 &
3. log(4# − 3) = 2 4. log )- (11 − 2#) = (

logioc4x 35
cl 2113 Il 2x
102 4 3 H 2X
100 4 3 off 11 2
13 3
3
25.75D Y
IL 25.75
3 ie X
X y X
Solve the equations for # by getting a common base.
5. 27(! = 81 6. 2*!"& = 32
t
YEEZY
fat L
3194314 5 1 5
I I

9qX 4q 5 4
IF
x x
Solve the equations for # using logarithms.
7. 15(! = 285 8. 2(!%' = 5

40915 109285
FogL3 logs
63 471092 1095
3 110915 109285 Toga
togs
2.0873 3 4 2.322
ZX 3 311 6.322
3
3
20.69580 2.100
11