From the definition of coupling coefficient for a piezo-electric quartz crystal show

f
that: k 2 = 1 − 2s , (symbols have their usual meanings). Now consider a quartz
fa
and PZT ceramic filter working at fs = 1 MHz. Calculate their bandwidth. Consider
1. the filter to be of disc shape and oscillations propagate radially, calculate their
Y 1
diameters. (Use: v = √ρ′ ; 𝑙 = 2 nλ, Y = 80 GPa (quartz), 70 GPa (PZT); ρ = 2.65
gm gm
(quartz) and 7.7 (PZT)).
cc cc
The resistivity of Aluminum (Al) at 25℃ is 2.72 × 10−8 Ω-m. The thermal
coefficient of resistivity of Al at 0℃ is 4.29 × 10−3 K −1. Al has a valency of 3, a
gm
density of 2.7 cc and an atomic mass of 27.
(i) Calculate the resistivity and thermal coefficient of resistivity at - 40℃.
(ii) Estimate the mean free time for the conduction electrons at 25℃ and hence
find their drift mobility.
2. (iii) If the mean speed of the conduction electrons is 1. 5 × 106 m/see,
calculate the mean free path.
(iv) What is the percentage change in the power loss due to Joule heating of the
Al wire when the temperature drops from 25°C to - 40℃? [Assume
constant current level]
(v) What is the thermal conductivity of Al at 25°C?

The average intensity of sunlight on Earth's surface in about 1kW/m 2. The

maximum intensity is at 800 nm wavelength. Assuming that all the photons have an
800 nm wavelength:
(i) Calculate photon flux.
3.
(ii) What is the magnitude of electric field in the sunlight?
(iii) Suppose that a solar cell device can convert each photon into an electron,
which can then give rise to external current. What is the maximum current
that can be supplied per unit area of this solar cell?
Show that the data for the magnetic susceptibility of nickel is given below is
𝐶
constant with the Curie-Weiss law [𝜒𝑚 = 𝑇−𝑇 , where 𝜒𝑚 is magnetic susceptibility,
𝑐
C is the Curie constant, and 𝑇𝑐 is the Curie temperature]. Evaluate the Curie constant
and temperature (C and 𝑇𝑐 ). Also find the effective number of Bohr magnetons per
4. atom (Atomic weight = 58.7 and density = 8850 𝑘𝑔𝑚−3 ).

T (℃) 500 600 700 800 900

𝜒𝑚 (105 ) 38.4 19.5 15 10.6 9.73

For a wide rectangular barrier (αa >> 1), the tunning probability can be expressed
as 𝑇𝑜 𝑒 −2𝛼𝑎 , where 𝛼 2 =
2𝑚(𝑉𝑜 − 𝐸) 16𝐸(𝑉𝑜 − 𝐸)
ℏ2
, 𝑇𝑜 = 𝑉2
.
𝑜
5. 𝑉𝑜 is the height of the barrier, “E” is incident energy and “a” is barrier width.
Show that the maximum value of 𝑇𝑜 is 4 and find the corresponding incident energy.

A proton attempts to penetrate a rectangular potential barrier of height 10MeV and

thickness 10−14m. The particle has a total energy of 3MeV. Calculate the
6.
probability that the particle will penetrate the potential barrier.
(Mass of proton, 𝑚𝑝 = 1.67 𝑥 10−27 𝑘𝑔)
 The electron drift mobility in silver has been measured to be 56 𝑐𝑚2 𝑉 −1 𝑆 −1 at
27°C. The atomic mass and density of “Ag” are given as 107.87 g 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 and 10.5
𝑔 𝑐𝑚−3, respectively. Assuming that each “Ag” Atom contributes one conduction
7. electron:

(i) Calculate the resistivity of Ag at 27°C.

(ii) Calculate the thermal conductivity of Ag at 27°C.
From the knowledge of band theory of solids, explain why Magnesium behaves like
8. a metal despite of having filled 3s band. Also explain why Carbon behaves like a
semiconductor instead of behaving like a metal.

Discuss different types of crystal defects with necessary diagrams and hence explain
9.
the line "There is no such thing as a perfect crystal".
Define the following terms:
10.
(i) Bravais lattice (ii) Primitive unit cell (iii) Closed-packed crystal structure.
An electron of kinetic energy 12.2 eV collides with a hydrogen atom in a gas
11. discharge tube. Find the energy level to which the electron in the hydrogen atom
gets excited.

The density of copper is 8.96 g/cm3 and its atomic mass is 63.56 g/mol. If the mean
free time is 0.02 ps and the mean speed of conduction electron is 1.5 x 106 m/s, then
12
estimate the drift mobility of electron and the conductivity of copper. What is the
frequency and amplitude of atomic vibration at T = 300 K?

The thermal conductivity of mica is 0.75 W/m/K. Consider an insulating disk of

mica with a thickness of 0.1 nm and a diameter of 10 mm. What is the thermal
13
resistance of the disk? What is the temperature drop across the disk, if the heat flow
through it is 25 Watt?