RENEWABLE ENERGY

OVERVIEW

www.pln.co.id |
Power System : Evolution

www.pln.co.id | 2
Electric Power Generation

www.pln.co.id | 3
Solar Power
• Solar power is unlimited, renewable, environmentally sound, versatile.
• There are many types of energy in the solar power, such as light energy
and heat energy
• Divided into :
• Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
Thermic, heat driven. Electricity produced by steam generated from heat energy of the
solar.
• Photovoltaic (PV)
Photic, light driven. Electricity produced directly from the light energy of the solar.

www.pln.co.id | 4
Solar Power Benefit
• Energy independence
• Environment friendly
• Available anywhere
• Minimum maintenance
• High Reliability
• Reduce fossil fuel dependence
• Reduce available transmission dependence
• Easily expanded

www.pln.co.id | 5
Indonesia Conditions
• Irradiance level is more than 1000 Watt/m2
• If the efficiency is 10% that means about 100 Watt/square meter
• The investment cost is about US$ 2-8/Wp.
• Area requirement is around 125 Watt/m2.

www.pln.co.id | 6
Solar Power Potency
Potensi Energi Surya Dunia : 116.300 TWh/jam

Indonesia
4,80 kWh/m2/day≈ 4.035 TWh/year

www.pln.co.id | 7
Roadmap for National Solar PV Energy Industrial Development

Vision :
2.2 GW Installed PV Plant Capacity in 2025
Capacity (MW)
10 25 40 45 50 210

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2016 2017 2020 2021 2022 2025

Installed
Capacity
(Cummulative )
35 170 310 850
2,200

Master- National
plan PV
Industry
Additional Additional Additional Capacity
Solar Cell Industry Capacity to Capacity to to
50MWp 100MWp 200MWp 250MWp

Source: Draft of PV Industry Development Acceleration Master Plan 2010 - 2025

Interministrial Working Group, 2009

www.pln.co.id | 8
Solar Power Plant Type
• Concentrated Solar Power : Converting energy from the sun by utilizing its
thermal properties. 40% efficiency is expected from this type.
• Photovoltaic System : Utilizing energy from the sun by directly converting
to electricity. 20% efficiency is expected from this type.

www.pln.co.id | 9
Concentrated Solar Power
Harness heat to generate electricity.
Heat used to create steam to turn turbine
Turbine makes electricity

www.pln.co.id | 10
Concentrated Solar Power

Kramer Junction Trough Plant Seville, Spain Power Tower Facility

Model Dish Stirling Plant

www.pln.co.id | 11
Photovoltaics
• Light energy converted to electrical energy.
• based on properties of semiconductor.

www.pln.co.id | 12
PV Technology

www.pln.co.id | 13
Photovoltaic Technology Comparison
c-Si value chain

Thin film value chain

Thin film modules

(a-Si, CIGS, CdTe)

Sumber:Centrotherm

www.pln.co.id | 14
Overview of Commercial PV Technologies

Thin Film Crystalline Silicon CPV

Technology Dye III-V Multi-
(a-Si) (CdTe) CI(G)S a-Si/μc-Si Mono Multi
s.cells junction
Cell efficiency 16-22% 14-18% 30-38%
Module 4-8% 10-11% 7-12% 7-9% 2-4%
13-19% 11-15% ̴25%
efficiency
Area needed
per KW (for ̴ 15m2 ̴10m2 ̴ 10m2 ̴12m2 ̴ 7m2 ̴ 8m2
modules)

source: EPIA 2010. Photon International, March 2010, EPIA analysis. Efficiency based on Standard Test Conditions

www.pln.co.id | 15
PV Efficiency

www.pln.co.id | 16
Market Price

www.pln.co.id | 17
www.pln.co.id | 18
www.pln.co.id | 19
Installation Cost

www.pln.co.id | 20
www.pln.co.id | 21
Top Global PV Producers
Company Shipments Base Website
(MW) country
Sharp 434 Japan Solar.sharpusa.com
Q-Cells 253 Germany www.qcells.de
Kyocera 180 Japan www.kyocerasolar.com
Suntech 158 China www.suntech-power.com
Sanyo 155 Japan www.sanyo.com
Electric
Mitsubishi 111 Japan Global.mitsubishielectric.com
Electric
Motech 110 Taiwan www.motechind.com
Schott solar 96 Germany www.us.schott.com
Shell 86 Germany www.deutchsolar.de
BP Solar 86 UK www.bp.com/solar
SunPower 63 US www.sunpowercorp.com
Isofoton 61 Spain www.isofoton.es
First solar 60 US www.firstsolar.com
CEEG 60 China www.n-pv.com
Nanjing PV
Tech

www.pln.co.id | 22
PV System Players in Indonesia

www.pln.co.id | 23
Other Renewable Energy
than Solar Power

www.pln.co.id | 24
Geothermal Potential Map

www.pln.co.id | 25
Map of Geothermal Development

www.pln.co.id | 26
Road Map of Geothermal Development 2006 – 2025

www.pln.co.id | 27
Potential Bioenergy Resource
FUEL
• CPO production 24 million ton for food, export and fuel
• Production of molasses 1,5 million ton, cassava 14 million ton
BIOGAS (HOUSEHOLD)
• The potential for biogas mostly from manure and other organic materials;
• In 2009, Indonesia has a number of livestock quite large, including 13 million dairy
cows and cattles, as well as approximately 15.6 million goats; the potential equivalent
of 1 million units of biogas digester.
POWER GENERATION
• Huge potential of biomass from agricultural waste, plantations, and urban wastes for
power generation

www.pln.co.id | 28
Wind Energy Technology

Energy Source Research and Market Semi- Commercial

Development Sample Commercia
l
Wind √ √

www.pln.co.id 29|
 Wind Energy Potency (Dec-Jan-Feb)

3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.6 5.0 5.8 5.0 3.6 2.6 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.3 4.3 4.3

2.1 1.7 1.4 1.7 2.6 3.6 3.6 4.3 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.6 3.1

0.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4

1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1

1.7 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.1 3.1 3.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.6 3.1 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.1

1.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.6 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.1

2.6 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.8

211 MW
925 mB
www.pln.co.id | 30
 Wind Energy Potency (Mar-Apr-May)

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.1

0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6

1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8

1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4

2.6 2.6 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.1

211 MW
925 mB
www.pln.co.id | 31
 Wind Energy Potency (Jun-Jul-Aug)

3.1 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.6 2.1 1.4 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

2.1 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

1.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.1

0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.4

2.1 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.6 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.7

3.6 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.1 2.6 2.1 1.7 2.1

4.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.1 2.6 2.6 3.1 4.3 4.3 4.3 3.6 2.1 2.1

4.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.1 3.6 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 3.6

211 MW
925 mB
www.pln.co.id | 32
 Wind Energy Potency (Sept-Oct-Nov)

0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3

0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5

Potency = 73 GW
0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3

0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5

Optimum installed capacity = 25 MW
0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5

0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 Actual capacity = 0,6 MW

0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6

1.4 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8

0.6 0.8 2.1 2.1 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1

3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.7

3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.1

211 MW
925 mB
www.pln.co.id | 33
Wind Turbine

www.pln.co.id | 34
Micro-Hydro

www.pln.co.id | 35
Head vs Flow Ranges of Micro-Hydro Turbines

www.pln.co.id | 36
Stand Alone
• Battery-Based Micro-hydro Power System

• Battery-less Micro-hydro-Electric Systems

www.pln.co.id | 37
Grid-Connected
• Direct connection

• Power Electronics Grid Integration Topologies

www.pln.co.id | 38
Variable-Speed Micro-Hydro Power Plant (MHPP)

www.pln.co.id | 39
Biomass

www.pln.co.id | 40
Biomass

www.pln.co.id | 41
www.pln.co.id | 42
Biodiesel

www.pln.co.id | 43
Biodiesel Development Roadmap in Indonesia

www.pln.co.id | 44
Production Chain

www.pln.co.id | 45
www.pln.co.id | 46
Hybrid System

www.pln.co.id | 47
Control System

www.pln.co.id | 48
Parallel Operation Model

www.pln.co.id | 49
Dump Power Control

www.pln.co.id | 50
Map of Potential Area for RE in Indonesia

= Wind Energy

= Solar Energy

= Biofull Energy

= Geothermal Energy

= Coal Energy

Source: Susandi, 2008

www.pln.co.id | 51
The End

www.pln.co.id |