National Service Training

Program

Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management

by: Salud Isabel P. Petalcorin
Mary Ann S. Umayao
Ladymae D. Ontong

Team Leader and Content Editor

AVP Sitti Rogaiya L. Apadan

University of Mindanao
Mc Arthur Highway, Matina, Davao City
October 27, 2020

https://slideplayer.com/slide/731818/
 Table of Contents

Module 3: Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management

Module Overview....................................................................................................4
Lesson 3: Disaster Risk Profile of the Philippines................................................15
Lesson 4: Four thematic areas of the Philippine
Disaster Management System..............................................................20

2 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao

 Lesson 3 Disaster Risk
Profile of the
Philippines

Objectives:

 The learners study and be able to identify the factors that can cause and
worsen the effects of disasters in the Philippines;
 Learners will utilize the knowledge that climate change increasingly plays
a factor in the frequency and the worsening of the disasters that the
Philippines experiences, and create meaningful changes in their daily
lives to mitigate these effects; and
 Learn how Davao region is affected by disaster due to its geography.
Introductio
n
While every Philippine region is unique in its culture, language, and people; the ties
that bind all Filipino people are our likelihood of exposure to disasters and the urgency with
which we must be prepared for them. Whether landlocked, coastal, or mountainous, our
communities are more often than not only one disaster away from major deaths, further
economic downfall, and difficulty to restore to a sense of normalcy. As a nation, we must
understand the various risks present in our communities; whether natural or man-made, and
prepare accordingly so that future generations will also have in them a culture of
preparedness.
 Much of these risks can be attributed to the country’s location and geographical
makeup, wherein extensive miles of coastline covered by the Pacific Ocean places the
country at an extreme likelihood of being hit by tropical depressions, tsunamis, storm surges,
rising sea levels, and other coastal hazards. Adding to the fact that the country also sits along
the Pacific Typhoon Belt, the Philippines is “visited by an average of 20 typhoons every
year,” according to the Asian Disaster Risk Reduction Center.
Adding to its increased exposure to these hazards is the fact that climate change has
aggravated the frequency of these ocean-borne disasters.
The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN, 2008) defines climate change
as an alteration of a particular location’s natural climate over time that “can be attributed
directly or indirectly to human activity.” The study further states that climate change affects
the country’s disaster risk in two ways: first, by increasing the weather and climate hazards,
and secondly, through increasing the
vulnerability of communities to natural
hazards, particularly through degradation of
the ecosystem, reductions in water and food
availability, and changes to livelihoods.
Additionally, the country is also
located along the Pacific Ring of Fire, also
known as the Circum-Pacific Belt, where the
majority of the Earth’s volcanoes and
earthquakes take place; often resulting in https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/plate-tectonics-ring-
fire/
volcanic eruptions as well.
According to the National Geographic, deep ocean trenches and high mountain ranges
are also a prominent characteristic of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Mountainous areas in the country during the wet season are at a risk of landslides;
while densely congested urban areas, areas near natural and man-made waterways, low-lying
areas, and areas that are near denuded forests are at an increased risk of flooding.

Davao Region at Risk

Davao Region, is located in the southeastern portion of Mindanao and bounded on the
north by the provinces of Surigao del Sur, Agusan del Sur and Bukidnon; in the east by the
Philippine Sea; and in the west by the Central Mindanao provinces; is often characterized by
“good climate” and supposedly lies outside the typhoon belt, with maximum rainfall
observed from November to January. The
region also has average temperatures of 28 -
29˚C. (Regional Profile, davao.da.gov)
Yet it in recent years, the once
famously dubbed ‘typhoon free’ Davao
region is becoming increasingly affected by
these changes; with Typhoon Bopha (Pablo)
ravaging Davao Oriental and parts of Davao
de Oro in 2012, and most recently, Tropical
Depression Chedeng making a beeline for
Davao region in March 2019, with the state
weather bureau dubbing it a “rare tropical
cyclone track.” (Macapagat, F. 2019, PIA)
This has also led to notably increased
rainfall in the region, where average rainfall
for the whole year is 1,673.3 mm to
1,941.8mm based on climatological data of
Davao City. (Regional Profile,
davao.da.gov)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davao_Region
It isn’t just the rainfall becoming an increasing phenomenon in the region:
temperatures are also soaring.
In April - May 2019, Davao City experienced a “scorching” 35.4˚C, which resulted in
a heat index of 43 ˚C. Defined by the Oxford dictionary, heat index is the “level of
discomfort the average person is thought to experience as a result of the combined effects of
the temperature and humidity of the air.” It was recorded as the hottest temperature ever for
the summer season, where before temperatures only averaged 32 to 34 degrees Celsius in the
city. (Tejano, I. 2019, Manila Bulletin)
The alternating unpredictable extreme heat and rainfall has brought much havoc to the
region’s agriculture, aquaculture, and residential industries; where combined with poor urban
planning, destructive farming practices, and other man-made risks; increases the likelihood of
communities lacking preparation for large-scale disasters.
 Lesson 4 Four Thematic Areas of
the Philippine Disaster Management
System

Objectives
:
 Learners will have further understanding of the areas wherein the
Philippine DRRM operates and how these responsibilities are
cascaded to cities;
 Study and understand how the actors involved in these four thematic
areas work cohesively to ensure preparation, mitigation, response, and
rehabilitation; and
 The flow of operations in preparing for disasters.

Introduction
Any program executed well is a product of proper planning, preparation, and
information dissemination to all the people and organizations involved, and DRRM is no
different.
When we are able to lay out our plans in a manner that is clear, concise, and can be
understood by all types of people involved, then we are already halfway to preparing for the
battle; so to speak. In terms of DRRM, this means a greater number of lives saved, and
communities will have a higher likelihood of returning to normal once a storm has literally
passed.
Abstraction
Four Thematic Areas of the Philippine Disaster Management System
As provided in the country’s National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Plan, there are four thematic areas which are equally
important. The absence or weak implementation of one area may affect
the bringing back or maintenance of equilibrium in communities affect by calamities. This
DRRM framework in the country is aligned to Hyogo Plan (2005-2015) where it seeks to
build resilience of communities by making Disaster Risk Reduction a national and local
priority. The country’s DRRM concept accepts the idea “ Bounce, Back, Better”. It is given
that hazard events may occur at any time at any rate, but tries to lessen the effect by
improving the community’s ability to absorb the impact with minimum damage or
destruction given the improve capacities of the people.

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

Prevention
Direct avoidance of the negative
impact of hazards and disasters. Its
concept is rooted in the intention to
completely avoid potential disasters
Source: http://ndmc.gov.mv/assets/Uploads/Mainstreaming-DRR-
through actions taken even before an into-LDP.pdf

event occurs; examples of which include

constructing seawalls at coastal areas, creating earthquake-tolerant buildings, etc.
One of the actions for disaster prevention is the implementation of policy on “No
Build Zones.” It is legalized by the government to prevent the occurrence of disasters (OCD,
2019).

Mitigation
It lessening or limiting the adverse
impacts of hazards, and their related
disasters. Mitigation measures require
engineering techniques and hazard-resistant
construction, as well as improved
environmental policies and public Source:
http://ndmc.gov.mv/assets/Uploads/Mainstreaming-
awareness. DRR-into-LDP.pdf

Kinds of Mitigation

 Structural/Engineered Measures
Examples of structural construction of dams, tsunami / sea wall, floodgates
and channel, installation of tsunami sensors and deep-ocean Assessment and
Reporting System (DARTS), a common tool used in tsunami warning (OCD,
2019)

 Non Structural/Non Engineered Measures

 Examples of non-structural endeavors are community-based mapping,
mangrove reforestation, waste management and establishment of early
warning systems (OCD, 2019).

Disaster Preparedness
It is the knowledge and capacities
developed by governments, professionals, and
other organizations to anticipate and
effectively respond to, and recover from
incoming or occurring disasters. These are
required by law to be supported by formal Source:
http://ndmc.gov.mv/assets/Uploads/Mainstreaming-DRR-
institutional, legal, and budgetary capacities. into-LDP.pdf

Disaster Response
It is where emergency services and public assistance are provided during or
immediately after a disaster so that lives may be saved, health impacts reduced, public safety
is ensured, and the most basic subsistence needs of the people most affected are met. It is also
called “disaster relief” as it is focused on immediate and short-term needs.

https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/kokudo_kyoujinka/en/workbook.pdf
Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery
This principle means that learning from the lessons from past disasters. The premise
lies on the thought that we do not want to suffer the same devastation again. Hence, in our
rehabilitation and recovery efforts, we must not only go back to normal situation but we
should also strengthen our DRRM capacities to avoid suffering from the same disaster
situation again. (OCD, 2019).

https://thehimalayantimes.com/opinion/earthquake-disaster-reconstruction-recovery/

Each thematic area goal leads to the country’s overall DRRM vision, as
illustrated here:
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