Electrical Apparatus and Devices

DELTA-WYE CONNECTION
THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER

Devee L. Ambas
BSEE-3-II
DELTA-WYE CONNECTION
THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER

A delta-wye transformer is a type of three-phase electric power

transformer design that employs delta-connected windings on its primary and
wye/star connected windings on its secondary.

HIGH VOLTAGES SIDE LOW VOLTAGES SIDE

H2
X2
INPUT SIDE

OUTPUT SIDE
H1 H3
X1 X3
Delta Connection Wye Connection
 1
A

L 𝑉𝑝 𝑁1
=
𝐼𝑝 𝑁2
=
2 𝑉𝑆 𝑁2 𝐼𝑆 𝑁1
O
B
A
D
3
C

DELTA-WYE TRANSFORMER BANK

Where:
𝑉𝑃 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
𝑉𝑆 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
𝐼𝑃 = 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐼𝑆 = 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑁1
= turns ratio of each transformer
𝑁2
DELTA-WYE CONNECTION
Three-phase Voltage and Current Characteristics

Connection Phase Voltage Line Voltage Phase Current Line Current

Star(Wye) 𝑉𝑝 = 𝑉𝐿 ÷ 3 𝑉𝐿 = 3 × 𝑉𝑝 𝐼𝑝 = 𝐼𝐿 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑃

Delta 𝑉𝑝 = 𝑉𝐿 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑝 𝐼𝑝 = 𝐼𝐿 ÷ 3 𝐼𝐿 = 3 × 𝐼𝑃

Where: VL = Line Voltage

VP = Phase Voltage
IL = Line Current
IP = Phase Current
 𝐼1 = 3𝐼𝑃 𝐼2 = 𝐼𝑆
A
𝐼𝑆
𝐼𝑃
𝑉2 = 3𝑉𝑆
𝑉1 = 𝑉𝑃

DELTA-WYE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

𝑉𝑃 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡

𝑉𝑆 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
𝐼𝑃 = 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐼𝑆 = 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐼1 = 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝐼2 = 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
 DELTA-WYE CONNECTION
• This is generally the preferred configuration of a step-up transformer that
accepts current from a plant’s generator and converts it to a higher
voltage.
• The secondary voltage is out of phase with the incoming voltage by 30°.
• The shift could be leading or lagging, depending on the arrangement of the
interconnections.
• It tends to suppress the harmonics that can cause problems in other
configurations. Where used in distribution applications, the secondary
(wye) provides a means for local grounding.
• Commonly used in commercial and industrial applications.
DELTA-WYE CONNECTION PHASOR DIAGRAM

𝑉𝐶𝐴

𝑉31 𝑉12
𝑉𝐴𝐵

30° 30°

𝑉23
𝑉𝐵𝐶
Advantages of DELTA-WYE Connection
THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER

Cross section area of winding is less at Handled large unbalanced loads : Large
01 Primary side : On primary side due to delta
connection winding cross-section required is
04 unbalanced loads can be handled without
any difficulty.
less.

Balanced connection when supplying 1-φ

02 Used at Three phase four wire System : On
secondary side, neutral is available, due to
05 and 3-φ loads
which it can be used for 3-phase, 4 wire
supply system.

No distortion of Secondary Voltage :

03 No distortion due to third harmonic 06 The neutral point is available on Y-
side.
components.
Disadvantage of DELTA-WYE Connection
THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER

Full insulation is required on Delta winding of transformers.

Other possible connections for three phase transformers are:

Wye-Delta Connection
Commonly used in a step-down transformer, wye connection on the HV side reduces insulation costs, the neutral po
int on the HV side can be grounded, stable with respect to unbalanced loads.

Star-Star Connection
This type has both star windings on the primary and secondary sides. Line voltages on each side are √3 times the voltage of a si
ngle phase. The main advantage of a star-star connection is the access to the neutral terminal on both sides of the transforme
r which can be grounded if desired. By connecting the star neutral to ground, distortion to the waveform is eliminated. Withou
t grounding, this configuration‘s operation is satisfactory only if the loads on all the three phases are balanced.

Delta-Delta Connection
Offers the advantage that one of the transformers can be removed while the remaining two transformers can deliver
three-phase power at 58% of the original bank.
THANK YOU!!