LATIHAN SOAL ESSAY

UJIAN NEGARA RADIO ELEKTRONIKA DAN OPERATOR RADIO

SUBJECT: BAHASA INGGRIS
A. SART (SEARCH & RESCUE RADAR TRANSPORDER)
PLEASE DESCRIBING AND CONFIGURATION OF SART?
 SART abbrevation from Search and Rescue Transpounder
 SART is a Radar Transpounder to be use for survival craft ships in distress which
can Detection by Radar which work On X-Band or Radar 3 cm which have working
frequency Between 9,2 untill 9,7 Ghz,the SART
 For activation SART AS Follows:
o While SHIPS is in condition Distress and abbandon ship, SART bring to survival
craft.
o After that the switch power move to position STAND BY, IF SART interogate by
Radar 3cm or X-Band,Radar Will Respons and active working,and will Receive
of group pulse 12 PPI Radar ke arah SART
o When activated by a Radar,the SART transmits 12 swept frenquency
signals,which are displayed as a line of 12 blips on the radar screen. The blip
line extend over 8 nautical miles
o Pada jarak tertentu yang cukup jauh tampilan SART berupa garis putus putus,
jika dekat dengan kapal tampilannya berupa 12 cincin dimana arah SART adalah
bagian cincin yang lebih tebal.
o SART in condition Siandby the batterey capacity can Use= 96Hours, and 8 huors
condition in transpond mode (keadaan aktif).
o Untuk mengetahui SART telah ditangkap diradar X-Band dapat didengar adanya
signal dan lampu hijau di SART yang berkedip

The Fuction of the SART;

For locating survival craft ship in distress
Untuk mengetahui lokasi survival craft kapal yang dalam kondisi bahaya

CATEGORIES OF SART devide of 3;

1. SART to be put on Fixed at Survival Craft or Lifeboat

2. Portable SART TO BE PUT ON AT BRIDGE,can bring to Survival craft when ship’s
is in distress/abandon ship.
3. SART put on for Epird OR combined whith float free EPIRB

DETECTION RANGE OF SART:

 SART lying flat on the floor : Range 1,8 Nm

 SART standing upright on the floor : Range 2,5 Nm
 SART floting in water : Range 2,0 Nm

TEST PROCEDURE SART:

 SET Radar range to approx 12 nautical miles

 Observe the Radar screen
 Activate the Radar transpounder by switching to “TEST” Position
 Check the radar display to ensure that 12 or 24 rings are Observed

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  The transpounder responds with a continual tone and the LED indicator shines
continuously, but depending on the position of the SART dan RADAR, the rings
May be broken in some sectors

Demonstrate how to active the unit for unit use and demonstrate recognize when
the unit being interogated ?
(Demontrasikan bagaimana cara mengkaktifkan SART siap digunakan dan
demontrasikan bagaimana SART tersebut dikenali sedang menerima pancaran
Radar)
 Release the unit from bracket
 To swich – On push the black button and this SART will be in standby mode
 When the unit being interrogated by the other Radar 3m or X-Band, SART will
response and Active working to transmited of group pluse 12 swept witch the result be
cacth by Radar 2 spot from center Radar PPI to direction of SART transmission.
 Buka Unit SART dari tempatnya
 Untuk menghidupkan SART, tekanlah tombol warna Hitam maka SART akan dalam
kondisi Stand By mode
 ketika SART “terinterogasi” oleh Radar 3 sm atau X- Band KAPAL lainya itu radar
yang bekerja pada frekuensi antara 9,2 ~ 9,7 Ghz, SART akan merespon dan bekerja
aktif memancarkan kelompok pulsa yang terdiri dari 12 carlang (12 swept) sehingga
dapat ditangkap oleh Radar berupa 12 Spot yang merupakan garis putus putus dari
pusat PPI Radar ke arah SART.

Describe to locate the batterery expiration date and why it should be recorded ?

 The batterey expiration date we can look at one side of this SART
 It should be recorded because to know when the batterey expire

B. EPIRB (EMERGENCY POSITIONING INDICATING RADIO BEACON)

PLEASE DESCRIBING AND CONFIGURATION OF EPIRB!

 EPIRB abbrevation from Emmergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon

 The EPIRB on board indicarte for alerting position survical craft ship’s in distress
(EPIRB dikapal menunjukan isyarat posisi rakit penolong kapal yang dalam bahaya)
 Working Freq on:
121,5 Mhz, 406 Mhz, : Epirb Corpas
1,6 Ghz : Inmarsat-E Epirb (L-Band)
Chanel 70: 156,525Mhz : VHF –DSC
 Epirb put on partition (dinding) wing port/stbd of bridge on board
 Epirb using system QUICK SILVER CONTACT, so if up-side Down (terbalik) position
at sea water will be activated of “sea water contact” Epirb menggunakan system
(QUICK SILVER CONCANT, jadi jika terbalik posisinya Di laut akan mengaktifkan “
SEA WATER CONTACT”)
 IF ships sinking at deepness (kapal tenggalam pada Kedalaman) 2-4 meter Epirb
will press to up with the Result that (sehingga) Hydrosiotic Relase will be cut of, so
The Epirb will release from bracket and floating on seaSurface Jika kapal tenggelam
(pada kedalaman 2-4 meter,Epirb akan menekan ke atas sehingga Memotong
Hydrostatic Release,dan Epirb akan lepas dari tempatnya dan terapung di
permukaan laut, otomatis akan memancarkan isyarat Bahaya)
 Transmission will recceive by CospasSarsat  LUT  MCC  RCC  SAR
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  In normal condition SWITCH POSITION to Stand By
 EPIRB must be contime transmitted minimum= 48 hours since trun on
 In normal condition the switch must be set to STANDBY, so if the Vessel in Distress
situation, The Epirb can bring by Duty Officer going to Survival craft or just trow out
from Vessel in distress or survival craft direct at sea. After the Epirb floating free at
the sea surface will direct automatic Transmit and will be receive by the Satellite
Cospas/Sarsat.
 Testing Epirb for check normal working or not by use Move of switch to TEST, if
Epirb can Normal working the Lamp indicator a few minute will be flash

Explain the function of the EPIRB on board?

 For transmited Distress Allert of ship in distress if ship have not sufficient time (blm
Sempat ) to send Distress Call / Distress Message by normal via Radio MF / VHF / DSC
 And for sent of Distress Alert when Epirb bring to Lifeboat or Liferaft after abandon
ship
 The EPIRB on board for alerting position survical craft ship’s in distress
 Untuk memancarkan Isyarat bahaya suatu kapal yang dalam kondisi marabahaya
ika tidak sempat untuk mengirimkan panggilan bahaya/berita bahaya secara
normal via Radio DSC MF/HF
 Untuk mengirimkan Isyarat Bahaya ketika Epirb dibawa ke Lifeboat / Liferaft saat
meninggalkan kapal (abandon Ship) karena kapal kondisinya sangat
membahayakan keselamatan jiwa (misal: kebakaran hebat dan beresiko kapal
akan meledak)

Demonstrate how to place the unit the test mode and describe the result of the test?
(Demonstrasikan bagaimana penempatannya Epirb untuk test mode dan gambarkan
hasil dari test tersebut)

 Open the cover and switch –on

 Wait untill the light flashing three times and then switch-Off
 Result of the test : It’s mean this EPIRB or unit in good Condition
 Buka covernya dan geser switch ke posisi test
 Tunggu sampai lampu flash menyala 3X flash, jika lampu nyala bisa flash 3x artinya
normal

DESCRIBE to locate the batterey expiration date and why it should be recorded?
(Gambarkan lokasi tanggal masa berlakunya baterey dan mengapa harus direkord)

 The Batterey Expiration date,we can look at one side of This EPIRB, It should be
record because to know when the Batterey expire
 Tanggal masa berlakunya batterey Epirb ada pada sisi Body Epirb tersebut, dan
harus di catat karena untuk Mengetahui masa berlakunya baterey, jika tidak
direcord, bila suatu saat Epirb mau digunakan untuk keperluan Distress Alert tidak
bisa memancar, ternyata disebabkan oleh batereynya yang tidak mempunyai
tegangan lagi

How do you Maintenance Of EPIRB (PERAWATAN EPIRB)?

1. Epirb should be put on bracket, if the Epirb do not kind which can operate automatic,
push button Switch should be on position ‘ ARMED”
2. Should be checked , any crack on the body Epirb or not. If any crack on the body should
be change with the new one.
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3. If the Expire date will be due, must be report as soon as possible to with the result that
it can
4. Always check and conform like signs as:MMSI, SHIP NAME CALL SIGN , Serial Number
can Read clear and good.
5. Not allowed to paint of body Epirb included of Hydrostatic release ( HRU )
 Epirb harus ditempatkan dalam “Bracket”, jika Epirb Jenisnya yang dapat di
operasikan secara otomatis, Tekanlah/geserlah saklar harus diposisi “ARMED”
 Harus dicek, apakah ada retak atau tidak bodynya. Jika retak pada bodynya harus
diganti dengan yang baru.
 Selalu lakukan pengecekan tanda tanda/keterangan yang Tertera pada bodynya ,
misal: MMSI, SHIP NAME , CALL SIGN, Serial Number, dapat dibaca dengan jelas dan
baik di bodinya Epirb.
 Tidak diijinkan untuk di cat pada body nya termasuk Hydrostatic Releasenya.

JENIS – JENIS EPIRB YG DISETUJUI IMO:

1. COSPAS SARSAT Epirb 121,5/406 Mhz  menggunakan satelit orbit kutup (polar
orbital satellite)
2. INMARSAT – E Epirb (L – BAND ) 1,6 Ghz  menggunakan satellite Inmarsat
3. VHF EPIRB 121,5 MHz  dimonitor oleh satelit orbit kutub & pesawat terbang
4. VHF EPIRB Channel 70  menggunakan VHF – DSC Channel 70

MENGAKTIFKAN EPIRB (HOW CAN WE ACTIVATED OF EPIRB ?)

1. According to manual (secara biasa)
The Seal must be broken,and the switch set “TRANSMIT” or “ ON”
2. According to otomatic (secara float free)
When the release mechanism is submerged into water ( 2-4 meter ), the beacon will
float free, and start to transmit because of conduction between the sea water
contacts
3. According to remote acctivation (dengan menggunakan remot)
Some beacons are fitted with a remote activation Switch, wich allows the beacon to
start transmission even when the release mechanism has not been activated
PERBEDAAN EPIRB 121,5 GHZ & 406 MHZ:

PERIHAL EPIRB 406 MHZ EPIRB 121,5 MHZ

Jangkuan Global Tidak global
Bentuk Signal “Burst” selama 40 detik setiap Sweep Tone terus
50 detik menerus
Tenaga kerja 5 Watts 100 m
Ketelitian lebih teliti kurang teliti
Kegunaan Penentuan Posisi kapal dalam Pencarian / localisi
kedaan darurat tempat kejadian
( Locating / Hoaming )
Identitas Kapal MMSI Tidak ada
Data yang Disimpan Langsung diteruskan ke
diterima LUT

For Routing of Epirb Inmarsat (L-Band):

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  Epirb L-Band Transmit → Received by Satellite Inmarsat → NCS → MRCC → RCC →
SAR FORCE
 NCS: Network Coordianting Station MCC: Mission Control Center
 RCC: Rescue Co-ordinationg Center LUT: Local User Terminal

C. TELEX OVER RADIO (TOR)

DESCRIBING AND CONFIGURATION OF TOR (Telex Over Radio)

 The abbreviation NBDP is often used in radio terminology

 It stands for Narrow Band Direct Printing
 When a ship has traffie on hand,it will establish a radio Telex connection on the
radio frequencies assigned for Telex purpose
 TOR on ship stasiun consist of :
o A Transmitter
o A Receiver
o A Special Adapter called a MODEM (Modulator – DeModulator)
o A Teleprinter
 In transmision and communication by use system TOR has 2 (two) metode
Communication:
o ARQ (Automatic Retransmision Request)
o FEC (Forward Error Correction)

D. NAVIGATION TELEX (NAVTEX)

PLEASE DESCRIBING AND CONFIGURATION OF NAVTEX !

 NAVTEX abbrevation of Navigation Telex

 A stasiun transmitting informasion of Safety Massage to Ships which sail radius util
400nm from stasion Transmitter
 Navtex according to( secara ) International has frequency follows :
 Navtex system on the world divided 21 NAVAREA, Indonesia included
NAVAREA. XI, and JAPAN as Coordinator NAVAREA .XI
 In Indonesia has 4 (for ) Navtex Station is :
 Jayapura radio
 Ambon radio
 Makasar radio
 Jakarta radio
 Message in Navtex to be symbol as follows:
A. = Navigation Warming
B. = Meteorological Warming
C. = Ice Report
D. = SAR Information
E. = Meteorological Forecast
F. = Pilot Service
G. = Decca Message
H. = Loran Message
I. = Oman Message
J. = Satnav Message
K. = Other Navigator Electronic Message
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 L. = Safety Weather Massage as addition ( tambahan ) Message type A
 Some Navtex Message can to Refuse ( di tolak ) by Receiver Navtex on board : ~
Message Type : A, B, D, L
 Example ( contoh ) Preamble of Message :
ZCZC EB23 ->the meaning is :
a.ZCZC =Awal berita (The begining of message)
b.E =Nama stasiun pemancar (stasiun tansmiting->Jakarta radio)
c.B =Berita cuaca (Meteorologi Message)
d.23 =Berita dengan nomer seri 23 (Message with serial number 23)

BATTERY MAINTENANCE

Task 1. Explain the function of the Batterey on board ?

 The function of the battery on board for emmergency power if the main power
blackout

Task 2. Explain how to maintain the batterey ?

 The surface of the batterey must be cleaned regularly to prevent current leakage
between the cell
 The poles must be protected with non-acid vaseline to ensure good contact
 The batterey cell must be refilled regularly with distilled water
 Ensure that the battereries are fully in charged

Task 3. Demonstrate how to check the bartterey by AVOMETER Hydrometer. !!!

 Such in Hydrometer into batterey and then release

 If the scale floating untill Green color it’s means good / full (SG 1210)
 If the scale floating until White it’s means half / fair (SG 1140)
 If the scale floating until Red it’s means finish / Empty (SG 1105)

Note : SG ~> Specific Gravity

Check the batterey by AVOMETER :

a. Swith the selector to the near voltage or 20 (twenty) or 50 (fifity) DC Volt

b. Check the batterey connet : ~ Red Pin to positive pole (+)
~ Black pin to Negative pole ( - )
c. And read out Voltege pf batterey from Display of Avometer

NOTE :

~ Cell voltage is between : 2,05 Volt – 2,12 Volt (When the batterey not in use)

~ Cell voltage a level about : 2,40 (When the batterey are fully charged)

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