(1) Classification of courts according to jurisdiction, define each classification and identify

which court exercise a particular jurisdiction

Classification of the court according to jurisdiction
a. Court of General Jurisdiction
- The power to adjudicate all controversies, except those expressly withheld
from the plenary powers of the court
- Supreme Court, Regional Trial Court

b. Court of Special or Limited Jurisdiction

- Which restricts the court’s jurisdiction only to particular cases and subject to
such limitations as may be provided by the governing law
- Sandiganbayan, Sharia Courts

c. Court of Original Jurisdiction

- The power of the court to take judicial cognizance of a case instituted for
judicial action for the first time under conditions provided by law;
- Court of Tax Appeals, Regional Trial Court, Sandiganbayan

d. Court of Appellate Jurisdiction

- The authority of the court higher in rank to re-examine the final order ,
judgment or a lower court which tried the case now elevated for judicial
review
- Court of Tax Appeals

e. Superior Courts
- Those which have the power of review and supervision over another or lower
courts
- Supreme Courts

f. Inferior Courts
- Those which, in relation to another court, are lower in rank and subject to
review and supervision by the latter
- Court of Appeals, Court of Tax Appeals, Sandiganbayan, Regional Trial
Court, Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court, Municipal
Circuit Trial Court, and Sharia Court
g. Courts of Record
- Those who proceedings are enrolled and which are bound to keep a written
record of all trials and proceedings handled by them
- Metropolitan Trial Court

h. Constitutional Courts
- Those which owe their creation and existence to the constitution and
therefore cannot be legislated out of existence or deprived by law of the
jurisdiction and powers unqualifiedly vested in them by the Constitution
- Supreme Court and Sandiganbayan
 i. Statutory Courts
- Those created, organized and with jurisdiction exclusively determined by law.
- CTA

(2)Principle of judicial hierarchy

● The judicial system follows a ladderized scheme which scheme which in essence
requires the lower courts to initially decide on a case before it is considered by a
higher court
● A higher court will not entertain direct resort to it unless the redress cannot be
obtained in the appropriate courts.
● The doctrine of hierarchy of courts may be disregarded if warranted by the nature
and importance of the issues raised in the interest of speedy justice and to avoid
future ligitations, or in cases of national interest and of serious implications.

(3)Doctrine of non-interference or doctrine of judicial stability

● No Courts of equal and coordinate jurisdiction can interfere with each other‘s orders.
● The principle also bars a court from reviewing or interfering with the judgment of a
co-equal court over which it has no appellate jurisdiction or power of review.
● When the law provides for an appeal from the decision of an administrative body to
the Supreme Court or Court of Appeals, It means such body is co-equal with the RTC
in terms of rank and stature, and logically beyond the control of the latter.

(4)What courts have special jurisdiction?

- A court with special jurisdiction restricts only to particular cases and is subject to
such limitations as may be provided by the governing law. An example of courts that
have special jurisdiction are Sandiganbayan, Court of Tax Appeals, Shari'a District
Courts, and Shari’a Circuit Courts.

Resources:
https://www.projectjurisprudence.com/2017/08/doctrine-of-non-interference-or.html
https://www.projectjurisprudence.com/2017/08/principle-of-judicial-hierarchy.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Philippines